湖南省郴州市一起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情流行病学调查

目的 通过分析郴州市一起新冠肺炎聚集性疫情相关病例发病确诊过程,探讨新冠病例早发现、早报告以及病例诊断和隔离观察解除的策略依据。 方法 对该起新冠肺炎聚集性疫情的病例和密切接触者进行现场流行病学调查,描述性分析流行病学史、临床和实验室资料。 结果 利用大数据比对监测,在转送监测对象至集中场所隔离医学观察时发现了新冠肺炎确诊病例何某华,由此发现一起新冠肺炎家庭聚集性疫情,何某的5名密切接触者中有3人发病确诊（包含1名重症病例）,其中重症病例黄某第7次新型冠状病毒核酸检测阳性进而确诊,密切接触者中胡某有流行病学史、血常规白细胞下降和肺炎影像学改变,但是5次咽拭子核酸检测阴性,未确诊。 结论 大数据比对监测对发现传染病有积极作用;早期对有流行病学史人员单独隔离医学观察对防止聚集性疫情发生有重要意义;将2次核酸检测阴性作为新冠肺炎病例的排除标准和将核酸检测阳性作为确诊新冠肺炎病例的必备条件,值得探讨,这都可能放走传染源,导致新冠肺炎传播。     

X线头影测量计算机自动识别系统与人工识别的比较

目的：验证X线头影测量计算机自动识别系统的可靠性。方法：对10张X线头颅定位侧位片分别进行计算机自动识别和人工识别确定标志点,计算自动识别和人工识别与人工测量均值之间的误差。结果：计算机自动识别系统识别的19个标志点中,有15个在X轴方向上与人工识别无明显差异,有17个在Y轴方向上与人工识别无明显差异。结论：该软件系统大部分标志点识别的准确性与人工识别类似。     

Pullout strength of anterior spinal instrumentation: a product comparison of seven screws in calf vertebral bodies

A lot of new implant devices for spine surgery are coming onto the market, in which vertebral screws play a fundamental role. The new screws developed for surgery of spine deformities have to be compared to established systems. A biomechanical in vitro study was designed to assess the bone–screw interface fixation strength of seven different screws used for correction of scoliosis in spine surgery. The objectives of the current study were twofold: (1) to evaluate the initial strength at the bone–screw interface of newly developed vertebral screws (Universal Spine System II) compared to established systems (product comparison) and (2) to evaluate the influence of screw design, screw diameter, screw length and bone mineral density on pullout strength. Fifty-six calf vertebral bodies were instrumented with seven different screws (USS II anterior 8.0 mm, USS II posterior 6.2 mm, KASS 6.25 mm, USS II anterior 6.2 mm, USS II posterior 5.2 mm, USS 6.0 mm, USS 5.0 mm). Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined by quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Failure in axial pullout was tested using a displacement-controlled universal test machine. USS II anterior 8.0 mm showed higher pullout strength than all other screws. The difference constituted a tendency (P = 0.108) when compared to USS II posterior 6.2 mm (+19%) and was significant in comparison to the other screws (+30 to +55%, P < 0.002). USS II posterior 6.2 mm showed significantly higher pullout strength than USS 5.0 mm (+30%, P = 0.014). The other screws did not differ significantly in pullout strength. Pullout strength correlated significantly with BMD (P = 0.0015) and vertebral body width/screw length (P < 0.001). The newly developed screws for spine surgery (USS II) show higher pullout strength when compared to established systems. Screw design had no significant influence on pullout force in vertebral body screws, but outer diameter of the screw, screw length and BMD are good predictors of pullout resistance.     

两种足内侧皮瓣修复前足皮肤缺损的疗效分析

[目的]总结足内侧隐神经营养血管皮瓣(隐神经组)与?母趾底内侧动脉皮穿支血管蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣(穿支蒂组)逆行修复前足皮肤缺损的疗效。[方法]2005年3月～2010年10月,采用隐神经组皮瓣和穿支蒂组皮瓣逆行修复前足皮肤缺损各16例、20例,对两组移植皮瓣术后淤血、坏死、愈合、负重后肿胀消退、感觉恢复等分析对比。[结果]隐神经组皮瓣淤血8例,表浅及以上坏死6例,Ⅱ期愈合6例;穿支蒂组皮瓣淤血2例,表浅坏死1例,Ⅱ期愈合1例。随访7月～19个月,平均12个月,负重后皮瓣均不同程度肿胀,隐神经组平均1.6个月消肿,穿支蒂组平均0.8个月消肿;感觉恢复:隐神经组S1 2例,S2 5例,S3 4例,S3+3例,S4 2例;穿支蒂组S2 1例,S3 3例,S3+7例,S4 9例。从皮瓣淤血、坏死、愈合、负重后消肿情况及感觉恢复等方面对比穿支蒂组优于隐神经组(P<0.05)。[结论]?母趾底内侧动脉皮穿支血管蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣逆行修复前足皮肤缺损并发症少,功能恢复好,修复质量高,安全可靠。     

两种术式治疗先天性马蹄内翻足的效果比较

目的应用Diméglio足评分方法,评价肌力平衡术和Mckay术治疗先天性马蹄内翻足（congenital clubfoot,CCF）的远期效果,以指导根据Diméglio分型合理地选择术式。方法1980年1月～2000年1月,收治CCF患儿37例54足,男27例38足,女10例16足;术时年龄5个月～3.5岁,平均1.2岁。左侧7例,右侧13例,双侧17例。按Diméglio足评分法分型,Ⅱ型（6～10分）3足,Ⅲ型（11～15分）26足,Ⅳ型（16～20分）25足。术前将所有足按畸形程度分为2组,A组（Ⅱ、Ⅲ型,29足）,B组（Ⅳ型足,25足）。按手术方式分组,肌力平衡术组31足,Mckay术组23足。术前Diméglio评分：A组12.55±1.84分,B组17.20±1.08分;肌力平衡术组14.16±2.83分,Mckay术组15.43±2.63分。结果所有患者获随访5年～10年6个月,平均8.2年。按Diméglio分型,Ⅰ型32足,Ⅱ型22足。2例行Mckay术后切口坏死感染,经多次换药愈合。术后Diméglio评分：A组4.07±1.25分,B组6.52±1.74分;肌力平衡术组5.29±1.97分,Mckay术组5.09±1.91分;与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两种术式对A组足的畸形矫正程度比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;B组足的畸形矫正程度则有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。从对不同平面畸形的矫正程度看,对踝关节马蹄的矫正两术式比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而对足内翻、前足内旋及内收畸形的矫正能力Mckay术明显强于肌力平衡术（P〈0.05）,其中Mckay术对前足内收畸形的矫正能力最强。结论DiméglioⅢ型以下的CCF,一期行肌力平衡术可取得良好效果,而对于Ⅳ型足则应采用Mckay术;但无论行何种术式,提倡同时切除外展肌,以防止前足内收矫正不良或复发。     

加速康复外科和传统外科在肋骨骨折围手术期的应用比较

目的：比较加速康复外科（fast track surgery,FTS）理念和传统外科方法在肋骨骨折围手术期的应用。方法选择肋骨骨折患者84例,围手术期应用加速康复理念42例（FTS组）,应用传统外科手术42例（传统组）,将两组手术后疼痛VAS评分、血清白蛋白检测结果、肠鸣音恢复时间、首次通气时间、术后并发症（消化道症状、消化性溃疡、胸腔出血、肺不张、肺部感染、胸腔积液、心脏并发症、泌尿系统并发症、切口感染、深静脉血栓）发生率、住院时间及住院总费用、患者满意度等进行比较。结果 FTS组术后疼痛VAS评分较传统组低,血清白蛋白较传统组高,肠鸣音恢复时间及首次通气时间提前,术后并发症发生率较低,住院时间缩短,住院费用降低,患者满意度提高,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论 FTS应用于肋骨骨折围手术期患者的术后疼痛VAS评分低,营养状况较好,肠道恢复较早,术后并发症发生率较低,住院时间缩短,治疗费用降低,患者满意度提高,值得进一步推广。     

Comparison of hydraulic and hemolytic properties of different impeller designs of an implantable rotary blood pump by computational fluid dynamics

A mixed-flow blood pump for long-term applications has been developed at the Helmholtz-Institute in Aachen, Germany. Central features of this implantable pump are a centrally integrated motor, a blood-immersed mechanical bearing, magnetic coupling of the impeller, and a shrouded impeller, which allows a relatively wide clearance. The aim of the study was a numerical analysis of hydraulic and hemolytic properties of different impeller design configurations. In vitro testing and numerical simulation techniques (computational fluid dynamics [CFD]) were applied to achieve a comprehensive overview. Pressure-flow charts were experimentally measured in a mock loop in order to validate the CFD data. In vitro hemolysis tests were performed at the main operating point of each impeller design. General flow patterns, pressure-flow charts, secondary flow rates, torque, and axial forces on the impeller were calculated by means of CFD. Furthermore, based on streak line techniques, shear stress (stress loading), exposure times, and volume percentage with critical stress loading have been determined. Comparison of CFD data with pressure head measurements showed excel-lent agreement. Also, impressive trend conformity was observed between in-vitro hemolysis results and numerical data. Comparison of design variations yielded clear trends and results. Design C revealed the best hydraulic and hemolytic properties and was chosen as the final design for the mixed-flow rotary blood pump.     

Modeling Thermal Regulation in Thin Vascular Systems: A Mathematical Analysis

Mimicking vascular systems in living beings, designers have realized microvascular composites to achieve thermal regulation and other functionalities, suchas electromagnetic modulation, sensing, and healing. Such material systems avail circulating fluids through embedded vasculatures to accomplish the mentioned functionalities that benefit various aerospace, military, and civilian applications. Although heattransfer is a mature field, control of thermal characteristics in synthetic microvascularsystems via circulating fluids is new, and a theoretical underpinning is lacking. Whatwill benefit designers are predictive mathematical models and an in-depth qualitativeunderstanding of vascular-based active cooling/heating. So, the central focus of thispaper is to address the remarked knowledge gap. First, we present a reduced-ordermodel with broad applicability, allowing the inlet temperature to differ from the ambient temperature. Second, we apply mathematical analysis tools to this reduced-ordermodel and reveal many heat transfer properties of fluid-sequestered vascular systems.We derive point-wise properties (minimum, maximum, and comparison principles)and global properties (e.g., bounds on performance metrics such as the mean surfacetemperature and thermal efficiency). These newfound results deepen our understanding of active cooling/heating and propel the perfecting of thermal regulation systems.     

湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎的疗效分析

目的探讨湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎的临床疗效。方法将2013年10月至2014年8月收治的34例失禁相关性皮炎患者随机分为两组,试验组(17例)采用湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗,对照组(17例)采用紫草油护理皮肤,观察两组患者皮炎创面的愈合效果及愈合时间。结果试验组治愈14例、好转3例、无效0例,对照组治愈7例、好转5例、无效5例,两组对比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组创面平均愈合时间为轻度3.7 d±1.4 d、中度5.9 d±1.5 d、重度7.2 d±0.9 d,对照组创面平均愈合时间为轻度5.9 d±1.2 d、中度8.2 d±1.3 d、重度11.3 d±0.7 d,两组对比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎疗效显著,愈合时间明显短于紫草油治疗者,值得临床推广。     

从瘟疫病名研究进展探讨疫病文献筛选思路

[目的]通过梳理瘟疫病名的研究进展,获取古医籍中疫病文献的筛选思路。[方法]首先明确瘟疫的定义,阐述其主要分类方式,对温病、伤寒等相关名词进行考辨。而后将疫病文献分为笼统的瘟疫和具体的病种2大类,列举今人对相关术语的研究进展。[结果]瘟疫指具有传染或流行特征而且伤亡较严重的一类疾病。按寒热性质分为温疫、寒疫和杂疫,温疫又可分为温热疫、湿热疫和暑热疫。瘟疫和温病的概念是交叉的,其交集部分为温疫。瘟疫本属广义伤寒,后逐渐脱离伤寒独立,其与传染病的关系仍存在争议。从文献中梳理出概述性瘟疫名称3种：（1）“疒”部的瘟疫全称;（2）以时令与流行命名的术语;（3）其他。制作“传染病中西医病名对照表”,涵盖传染病6类53种,包括病毒性传染病、立克次体病、细菌性传染病、螺旋体病、原虫病和蠕虫病。[结论]本研究厘清了瘟疫的概念,找到了打开疫病文献宝库的钥匙,在相关研究中具有“破局”的效果。