精神分裂症氯氮平治疗前后中枢单胺递质含量的对比研究

目的 :观察氯氮平治疗精神分裂症对中枢单胺递质系统的影响。方法 :应用高效液相色谱测定 2 8例精神分裂症氯氮平治疗前后脑脊液NE、DA、5 -HT、MAPG、HVA、5 -HIAA的含量。结果 :治疗前后脑脊液中单胺神经递质及其代谢产物差异无显著性 ;应用中枢神经递质代谢产物MHPG/HVA、5 -HIAA/HVA、MHPG/ 5 -HIAA的比值作为两个中枢递质系统之间相互作用的功能态 ,发现精神分裂症治疗前MGPG/MVA明显低于治疗后 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :精神分裂症治疗前与治疗后相比 ,DA功能相对亢盛 ,NE功能相对低下 ,氯氮平可能是通过调整NE -DA系统的功能态而发挥治疗作用。     

装饰纹样的背景与传播

以比较美学的方法,有选择地比较和阐述了世界各地装饰纹样的起源背景、各自特点以及它们之间的相互影响。认为各民族、各地区的装饰艺术存在着相通中有不同、不同中有相通的关系,为现代艺术设计者带来了继承和变化的资源,同时也为体味和享受异域装饰美提供了理解的通道。     

An Inter- and Intra-University Comparison With Short Case-Based Testing

Comparisons between PBL and non-PBL medical schools on problem-solving ability often show no differences. This could be either due to the fact that no difference in problem-solving skills exists or that the instruments used are inadequate. In this study a key-feature approach case-based examination was used to compare two medical schools in the Netherlands, one of which has a PBL curriculum (Maastricht) and one which has a program half way a transition from a non-PBL towards a PBL curriculum (Groningen). Differences were found both in proficiency scores and in the pattern of response times, both supporting the assumption that a PBL approach would lead to a higher level of problem solving ability. The effect size, however, is not as large as originally assumed by the PBL proponents. Conclusions must be drawn with caution, but it seems likely that a test based on large numbers of short cases is the most sensitive in detecting differences in problem solving ability between students of different curricula. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

盆腔囊性肿块超声手术对比及与中医辨证分型关系

本文对８３例患者盆腔囊性肿块超声诊断结果与手术及病理检查进行对比,提高了超声诊断的准确性。同时结合中医辨证分型拟找寻出中医分型与超声诊断的内在联系,以提高中医诊疗水平     

Comparative study of quality of life between the Chinese and Japanese adolescent populations

Researchers from Japan, China and Singapore have initiated a collaborative project, with the aim of comparing adolescent quality of life (QOL) internationally. This study presents the primary results of the investigation conducted in Beijing, China, and Kobe, Japan. The 70-item Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adolescents (QOLQA) was developed and evaluated in Japan and China. In total, 1114 Japanese and 613 Chinese junior high school students, aged 12-15 years, completed the questionnaire. Chinese students scored significantly higher than the Japanese students in overall QOL scores and in most domains. For both groups, subjects had highest score in the independence domain and lowest in psychological domain. In terms of overall QOL score, Chinese male students ranked first, followed by Chinese girls, Japanese boys, and Japanese girls. In the Japanese group, a continuing decrease of QOL scores with age was observed without exception, but no such tendency was present in their Chinese counterparts. No parallel relationship was observed between the higher level of economic development and better quality of life. The results also suggest that mental health promotion should be a priority in improving overall quality of life of adolescents both in Japan and China.     

头孢地嗪钠粉针剂治疗细菌性感染的双盲随机对照研究

目的　探讨头孢地嗪钠粉针剂 (珠海丽康医药有限公司生产 )的疗效和安全性。方法　采用随机、双盲、阳性药平行对照临床试验 ,将呼吸系统及泌尿系统感染患者随机分配接受由珠海丽康医药有限公司生产和山东鲁抗医药集团鲁原有限公司生产的头孢地嗪钠粉针剂(获国家药品准字号 )静脉给药治疗。结果　治疗结束后 2组呼吸系统感染和泌尿系统感染有效率、细菌消除率及 2组总的有效率和总的细菌消除率均无显著性差异。 2组不良反应发生率也无显著性差异 ,且均系轻度并呈一过性。结论　头孢地嗪钠粉针剂 (珠海丽康医药有限公司生产 )对敏感菌所致的呼吸道和泌尿道感染临床疗效肯定 ,不良反应均为轻度 ,值得在敏感细菌感染的治疗中推广应用。     

中、美药品委托生产比较

目的 :为进一步完善和规范我国药品委托生产提供借鉴。方法 :通过对中、美两国药品委托生产方面有关规定的比较 ,分析我国药品委托生产的现状及存在的问题。结果与结论 :我国目前应当积极借鉴发达国家的先进经验 ,进一步加强相关的法律法规制订。     

Ⅱb期宫颈癌不同治疗方法效果的比较

 180例Ⅱb期宫颈癌患者接受了不同治疗方法,比较其五年生存率。结果显示:单纯体外放疗组30.0％;术后放疗组62.5％;体外加腔内根治剂量放疗且80.1％;术前放疗组88.0％。术前放疗组与单纯体外放疗组及术后放疗组比较,(P<0.01),与体外加腔内根治剂量放疗组比较,(P>0.05)。结论:单纯体外放疗不宜作为宫颈癌治疗常规方法,术前体外加腔内放疗可能有助于生存率提高。     

不同血细胞分析系统间检测结果的偏差评估及应用

目的 分析同一临床实验室不同型号的血细胞分析仪的性能特点，并对其检测结果进行评估，对有偏差的项目进行调整，使同一实验室不同型号的血细胞分析仪的检测结果具有可比性。方法 对本实验室所使用的Sysmex KX-21、Sysmex SE-9500和Beckman Coulter Ac．T 5diff三台血细胞分析仪的准确度、精密度、线性度分别进行评价，选定其中一台指标最优的仪器作为比对仪器，将另外两台仪器的血细胞参数进行调整。结果 因Sysmex KX-21的WBC、RBC、HGB及PLT四项指标的准确度、精密度、线性度均较理想，故选为比对仪器。Sysmex SE-6500和Beckman Coulter Ac．T 5diff有部分指标的部分评价项目与Svsmex KX-21有偏差。对有偏差的项目进行调整后，三台仪器的四项指标的相关系数的平方均不低于0．95。结论 同一实验室在使用不同型号的血细胞分析仪时，应对其进行相互校准。校准后，保证三台仪器的检测结果具有可比性。     

Impacts of Informal Caregiver Availability on Long-term Care Expenditures in OECD Countries

Objective. To quantify the effects of informal caregiver availability and public funding on formal long-term care (LTC) expenditures in developed countries.
Data Source/Study Setting. Secondary data were acquired for 15 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries from 1970 to 2000.
Study Design. Secondary data analysis, applying fixed- and random-effects models to time-series cross-sectional data. Outcome variables are inpatient or home heath LTC expenditures. Key explanatory variables are measures of the availability of informal caregivers, generosity in public funding for formal LTC, and the proportion of the elderly population in the total population.
Data Collection/Extraction Method. Aggregated macro data were obtained from OECD Health Data, United Nations Demographic Yearbooks, and U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base.
Principal Findings. Most of the 15 OECD countries experienced growth in LTC expenditures over the study period. The availability of a spouse caregiver, measured by male-to-female ratio among the elderly, is associated with a $28,840 (1995 U.S. dollars) annual reduction in formal LTC expenditure per additional elderly male. Availability of an adult child caregiver, measured by female labor force participation and full-time/part-time status shift, is associated with a reduction of $310 to $3,830 in LTC expenditures. These impacts on LTC expenditure vary across countries and across time within a country.
Conclusions. The availability of an informal caregiver, particularly a spouse caregiver, is among the most important factors explaining variation in LTC expenditure growth. Long-term care policies should take into account behavioral responses: decreased public funding in LTC may lead working women to leave the labor force to provide more informal care.