厦门市社区老年慢性病共病与不良生活方式共存现状研究

目的 调查社区老年人常见的14种慢性病共病情况及不良生活方式共存现象。 方法 采用方便抽样的方法抽取厦门市社区906例老年人群为研究对象,使用自设问卷调查研究对象的慢病共存及不良方式共存现象,使用检验和多因素logistic回归方法进行分析。结果 共纳入906例老年人,慢性病患病率为79.5%,老年人慢性病共病患病率为58.9%。主要的不良生活方式是BMI异常(46.8%)、饮酒(40.5%)、睡眠时间少(37.9%)、缺乏锻炼(35.2%)、吸烟(32.8%)等。多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=2.232,95%CI:1.474～3.380,P＜0.001)、高龄(OR=2.038,95%CI:1.234～3.365,P=0.001)、有慢性病家族史(OR=2.854,95%CI:1.943～4.194,P＜0.001)、肥胖(OR=2.571,95%CI:1.096～6.033,P=0.030)、饮酒(OR=3.582,95%CI:2.531～5.071,P＜0.001)、吸烟(OR=1.789,95%CI:1.172～2.732,P=0.007)、嗜盐(OR=1.818,95%CI:1.170～2.823,P=0.008)、嗜油(OR=2.023,95%CI:1.153～3.550,P=0.010)、睡眠质量差(OR=2.091,95%CI:1.360～3.215,P=0.001)的老年人,慢性病共病的比例高。 结论 厦门市社区老年人慢性病共病和不良生活方式共存现象严重。肥胖、饮酒、吸烟、嗜盐、嗜油、睡眠质量差等行为生活方式是慢性病重要的可干预因素,社区工作者应提高社区居民对健康生活方式重要性的认识,促使其主动改变不良生活方式并长期坚持健康的生活方式,以降低其慢性病的发病风险,减少其伤残程度,提高生活质量。     

Predictors of influenza severity among hospitalized adults with laboratory confirmed influenza: Analysis of nine influenza seasons from the Valencia region,Spain

PurposeInfluenza hospitalizations contribute substantially to healthcare disruption. We explored the impact of ageing, comorbidities and other risk factors to better understand associations with severe clinical outcomes in adults hospitalized with influenza.MethodsWe analysed multi‐season data from adults ≥18 years, hospitalized with laboratory‐confirmed influenza in Valencia, Spain. Severity was defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission, assisted ventilation and/or death. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate associations between risk factors and severity. Rate of hospital discharge was analysed with a cumulative incidence function.ResultsOnly 26% of influenza patients had their primary discharge diagnosis coded as influenza. Comorbidities were associated with severity among adults aged 50–79 years, with the highest odds ratio (OR) in patients with ≥3 comorbidities aged 50–64 years (OR = 6.7; 95% CI: 1.0–44.6). Morbid obesity and functional dependencies were also identified risk factors (ORs varying from 3 to 5 depending on age). The presence of increasing numbers of comorbidities was associated with prolonged hospital stay.ConclusionsInfluenza clinical outcomes are aggravated by the presence of comorbidities and ageing. Increased awareness of influenza among hospitalized patients could prompt clinical and public health interventions to reduce associated burden.     

改良老年疾病累计评分表在老年消化道肿瘤患者中的应用

目的采用翻译引进的改良老年疾病累计评分表(MCIRS-G)研究老年消化道肿瘤患者的合并症分布情况及其对化疗安全性的影响,评价该量表的临床应用价值。方法80例入院接受治疗的消化道肿瘤患者按照设计好的入组标准进入实验,根据MCIRS-G详细记录患者的合并症情况。年龄≥65岁的患者进入老年组(37例),<65岁者进入对照组(43例),接受以5-Fu为基础的化疗方案治疗,化疗期间及之后四周内纪录出现的各种不良反应。不良反应的评价标准采用NCI3.0版常见不良事件评价标准进行评定,用MCIRS-G分析患者合并症情况,按照MCIRS-G得分、KPS评分和年龄分层研究化疗不良反应发生率的变化。结果两组合并症发病率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。老年组MCIRS-G平均得分16.19±2.25,对照组为14.67±1.08,差异有显著性(P<0.001)。不良反应的影响因素分析显示随着MCIRS-G评分升高老年组白细胞减少(P=0.014)、血小板减少(P=0.010)、贫血(P=0.031)的发生率显著增加,其它不良反应的发生率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。对照组中贫血(P=0.005)的发生率随着MCIRS-G评分升高而显著升高。相关性研究发现MCIRS-G评分与年龄呈正相关(P=0.004),与KPS评分无相关(P=0.375)。结论MCIRS-G在临床上能够有效评价老年消化道肿瘤患者的合并症情况,MCIRS-G评分预测毒副反应比KPS更敏感。年龄不应是老年消化道肿瘤患者接受化疗的限制因素,合并症才是影响化疗安全性的重要因素。     

Clinical Situations in Which the Diagnosis of Autism is Debatable: An Analysis and Recommendations

The “autism spectrum disorder” (ASD) construct and its current diagnostic criteria have led to the inclusion of increasingly heterogeneous and decreasingly atypical individuals under its definition. This broad category, based on the polymorphic clinical expression of common genetic variants underpinning the risk of autism, is likely beneficial for certain individuals. However, determining the boundaries between ASD and typical individuals, as well as those with other neurodevelopmental conditions, remains an issue of which the importance is growing with the increase in ASD prevalence. We identified four clinical contexts associated with a questionable, poorly justified, or unhelpful ASD diagnosis: (1) those in which diagnostic instruments raise uncertainties, (2) in the context of a subclinical presentation, (3) when early autistic signs tend to fade away during development, and (4) when comorbidities are prominent. We argue that in certain cases, a diagnosis of ASD may not be the most suitable, timely, or helpful medical act and provide recommendations for clinical practice when facing such situations.     

Calidad de vida en personas con depresión y comorbilidad física desde una perspectiva de género

ObjetivoEl objetivo del estudio es describir la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de personas con depresión y comorbilidad física bajo una perspectiva de género. Se incluyeron 380 individuos mayores de 49 años con, al menos, una patología de las siguientes: diabetes, enfermedad obstructiva pulmonar crónica y cardiopatía isquémica, reclutadas en 31 equipos de atención primaria de Cataluña. La calidad de vida se midió con la escala EuroQol (EQ-5D). Además, se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, gravedad de depresión, índice de privación económica y ámbito de residencia. Se evaluó la relación ajustada entre el sexo y las dimensiones de calidad de vida, mediante una regresión logística multivariante.ResultadosEl 81,3% fueron mujeres; la media de edad fue de 68,4 años (DE: 8,8), La media de la escala visual analógica fue de 57,8 (DE: 17,4) en hombres y 55,8 (DE: 18,6) en mujeres. La media del EQ-Health Index fue de 0,74 (DE: 0,17) en hombres y 0,65 (DE: 0,21) en mujeres (p = 0,001). La probabilidad de presentar problemas en las dimensiones del EQ-5D mostró el sexo como factor de más peso (mujer = 1/hombre = 0) en: autocuidado OR: 2,29 (IC 95% 1,04 a 5,07) y actividades cotidianas OR: 3,09 (IC 95% 1,67 a 5,71). La movilidad se asoció con la edad OR: 1,87 (IC 95% 1,22 a 2,86), el ámbito de residencia con el dolor OR: 2,51 (IC 95% 1,18 a 5,34) y el Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) con la ansiedad/depresión OR: 4,77 (IC 95% 1,77 a 12,88).ConclusiónLa percepción en la calidad de vida de las mujeres con depresión y comorbilidad física es inferior a la de los hombres, siendo en ambos casos inferior a la de población general.Palabras clave: Calidad de vida, Depresión, Comorbilidad física, Género, Atención Primaria     

Real-world cost-effectiveness of drug-eluting stents vs. bare-metal stents for coronary heart disease—A five-year follow-up study

Objective

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of using drugeluting stents (DES) compared to bare-metal stents (BMS) for coronary heart disease (CHD).

Preliminary Evidence for Subdimensions of Geriatric Frailty: The MacArthur Study of Successful Aging

OBJECTIVES: To identify frailty subdimensions. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort (MacArthur Study). SETTING: Three U.S. urban centers. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand one hundred eighteen high‐functioning subjects aged 70 to 79 in 1988. MEASUREMENTS: Participants with three or more of five Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) frailty criteria (weight loss, weak grip, exhaustion, slow gait, and low physical activity) in 1991 were classified as having the CHS frailty phenotype. To identify frailty subdimensions, factor analysis was conducted using the CHS variables and an expanded set including the CHS variables, cognitive impairment, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), C‐reactive protein (CRP), subjective weakness, and anorexia. Participants with four or more of 10 criteria were classified as having an expanded frailty phenotype. Predictive validity of each identified frailty subdimension was assessed using regression models for 4‐year disability and 9‐year mortality. RESULTS: Two subdimensions of the CHS phenotype and four subdimensions of the expanded frailty phenotype were identified. Cognitive function was consistently part of a subdimension including slower gait, weaker grip, and lower physical activity. The CHS subdimension of slower gait, weaker grip, and lower physical activity predicted disability (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.3–2.2) and mortality (AOR=1.5, 95% CI=1.3–1.8). Subdimensions of the expanded model with predictive validity were higher IL‐6 and CRP (AOR=1.2 for mortality); slower gait, weaker grip, lower physical activity, and lower cognitive function (AOR=1.8 for disability; AOR=1.5 for mortality), and anorexia and weight loss (AOR=1.2 for disability). CONCLUSION: This study provides preliminary empirical support for subdimensions of geriatric frailty, suggesting that pathways to frailty differ and that subdimension‐adapted care might enhance care of frail seniors.     

Clinical features of asthma with comorbid bronchiectasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:This meta-analysis aimed to systematically estimate the prevalence of comorbid bronchiectasis in patients with asthma and to summarize its clinical impact.Methods:Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies published from inception until March 2020.Study Selection:Studies were included if bronchiectasis was identified by high-resolution computed tomography. Outcomes included the prevalence of bronchiectasis and its association with demographic characteristics and indicators of asthma severity, including results of lung function tests and the number of exacerbations.Results:Five observational studies with 839 patients were included. Overall, the mean prevalence of bronchiectasis in patients with asthma was 36.6% (307/839). Patients with comorbid bronchiectasis had lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁)/forced vital capacity (FVC) (MD: −2.71; 95% CI: −3.72 to −1.69) and more frequent exacerbations (MD: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.03 to 1.33) than those with asthma alone, and there was no significant difference of sex, duration of asthma and serum levels of immunoglobulin(Ig)Es between asthmatic patients with or without bronchiectasis.Conclusion:The presence of bronchiectasis in patients with asthma was associated with greater asthma severity. There are important therapeutic implications of identifying bronchiectasis in asthmatic patients.     

Time on previous renal replacement therapy is associated with worse outcomes of COVID-19 in a regional cohort of kidney transplant and dialysis patients

Chronic renal replacement therapy by either a kidney transplant (KTX) or hemodialysis (HD) predisposes patients to an increased risk for adverse outcomes of COVID-19. However, details on this interaction remain incomplete. To provide further characterization, we undertook a retrospective observational cohort analysis of the majority of the hemodialysis and renal transplant population affected by the first regional outbreak of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Germany. In a region of 250,000 inhabitants we identified a total of 21 cases with SARS-CoV-2 among 100 KTX and 260 HD patients, that is, 7 KTX with COVID-19, 14 HD with COVID-19, and 3 HD with asymptomatic carrier status. As a first observation, KTX recipients exhibited trends for a higher mortality (43 vs 18%) and a higher proportion of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (57 vs 27%) when compared to their HD counterparts. As a novel finding, development of ARDS was significantly associated with the time spent on previous renal replacement therapy (RRT), defined as the composite of dialysis time and time on the transplant (non-ARDS 4.3 vs ARDS 10.6 years, P = .016). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an OR of 1.7 per year of RRT. The association remained robust when analysis was confined to KTX patients (5.1 vs 13.2 years, P = .002) or when correlating the time spent on a renal transplant alone (P = .038). Similarly, longer RRT correlated with death vs survival (P = .0002). In conclusion our data suggest renal replacement vintage as a novel risk factor for COVID-19-associated ARDS and death. The findings should be validated by larger cohorts.