农村大学生领悟社会支持、大五人格与主观幸福感的关系

目的:探讨农村大学生领悟社会支持、大五人格和主观幸福感之间的关系。方法:随机选取某两所高校大学生578人,采用领悟社会支持量表、大五人格量表和主观幸福感量表分别测量农村大学生的领悟社会支持水平、大五人格特质和主观幸福感水平。结果:领悟社会支持、大五人格、生活满意度、正性情感及主观幸福感总分均呈正相关(r=0.11~0.73,P0.05),领悟社会支持与负性情感呈负相关(r=-0.36,P0.01)。多元回归分析表明,外向性、领悟社会支持、开放性、宜人性对主观幸福感依次具有预测力(β=0.18,0.15,0.12,0.10;P0.001)。路径分析表明,领悟社会支持对主观幸福感和大五人格的直接效应均显著(路径系数分别为0.69,0.53,P均0.001),大五人格对主观幸福感的直接效应显著(路径系数为0.21,P0.05)。结论:大五人格在领悟社会支持与主观幸福感之间起部分中介作用,大五人格是领悟社会支持影响农村大学生主观幸福感的重要内在因素。     

Genitourinary Complaints in Young Adults: A Sheep in Wolf’s Clothing

With adolescents and young adults constituting a large percentage of sexually transmitted infection cases in the United States, providers serving this population are often required to manage suspected and confirmed cases. Unique presentations may prove challenging when considering empiric treatment, possible diagnostic culprits, and management of patients at risk for loss to follow-up. Additionally, concerns regarding the appropriateness of human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure or postexposure prophylaxis can confound care strategies. This case describes an atypical encounter involving a college student. It highlights the importance of prompt and effective care of genitourinary complaints in college health settings.     

维吾尔族大学生心理健康状况调查分析

目的探讨新疆某高等院校维吾尔族大学生的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法以新疆某高等院校373名维吾尔族大学生为调查对象,其中农村维吾尔族学生197名,城市维吾尔族学生176名,采用精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)对不同性别、生源地的维吾尔族大学生的心理健康水平进行测评,并与全国常模进行比较。结果(1)维吾尔族女大学生躯体化、强迫症状、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧、偏执和精神病性9个因子的得分均高于维吾尔族男大学生,差异有统计学意义;(2)维吾尔族大学生躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧、偏执、精神病性因子得分均高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)来自农村的维吾尔族大学生躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧、偏执、精神病性因子得分高于来自城市的维吾尔族大学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论维吾尔族农村大学生的心理健康状况不容忽视,应根据维吾尔族大学生心理健康状况特点,开展相应的心理健康促进活动。     

广东省大学生性知识、性观念、性行为现状及性别差异

目的：分析广东省大学生性知识、性观念、性行为的现状及其性别特征,为加强大学生性教育提供依据。方法采用自编问卷对广东省整群抽样的12所高校928名大学生进行调查。结果性知识：大学生性知识知晓率低,问题回答平均正确率仅为37．34％;性观念：对于性是人的基本需求、有爱就可以有性、性幻想性梦、自慰行为、婚前性行为这些思想与行为方面,大学生的总体认同度为67．35％、35．24％、56．90％、52．26％、58．04％;男女生接受程度差异均达显著水平（χ2＝7．89、48．46、189．30、32．44、27．35,P ＜0．01）;性行为：大学生异性性行为与同性性行为发生率分别为8．08％与1．51％,男生异性性行为发生率远高于女生（χ2＝52．08,P ＜0．01）,同性性行为间性别差异无统计学意义（χ2＝4．82,P ＞0．05）;避孕套使用率低,经常使用的人仅占29．03％,女生的使用率显著低于男生（χ2＝12．08,P ＜0．01）。结论大学生在性行为、性观念、性知识方面存在很多问题,需要进一步的加强和引导,并重视性别差异。     

医学院校信息管理与信息系统专业毕业论文撰写的教学模式

介绍了现阶段卫生信息化建设的人才需求、医学院校信息管理与信息系统专业毕业的就业形势和毕业论文撰写教学的重要性,重点分析了毕业论文撰写教学存在的问题,并以蚌埠医学院为例,有针对性地提出了具体改进措施,构建了基于成长性评价思想的新型毕业论文撰写教学模式。     

Nutrition knowledge,outcome expectations,self-efficacy,and eating behaviors by calcium intake level in Korean female college students

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Calcium is important but deficient in diets of young adult women. This study aimed to examine if cognitive factors and eating behaviors differ according to calcium intake based on the Social Cognitive Theory.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

Subjects were female college students in Seoul, Korea. Three hundred students completed the questionnaire regarding calcium intake, nutrition knowledge, outcome expectations, self-efficacy and eating behaviors. Data on 240 students were analyzed using t-test or χ²-test. Subjects were categorized into two groups, high calcium intake (HC, ≥ 650 mg/day) and low calcium intake (LC, < 650 mg/day), according to recommended intakes of calcium for women aged 19-29 years.

RESULTS

The LC group constituted 77.9% of total subjects. Nutrition knowledge was not different according to calcium intake. Three out of 12 outcome expectations items were significantly different between the HC and LC groups. Subjects in the HC group agreed more strongly with the practical benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods, including ''taste'' (P < 0.01) and ''going well with other snacks'' (P < 0.05), compared to those in the LC group. Negative expectations of ''indigestion'' were stronger in the LC group than HC group (P < 0.001). Among self-efficacy items, perceived ability of ''eating dairy foods for snacks'' (P < 0.001), ''eating dairy foods every day'' (P < 0.01), and ''eating calcium-rich side dishes at meals'' (P < 0.05) differed significantly between the HC and LC groups. Eating behaviors including more frequent consumption of dairy foods, fruits or fruit juice (P < 0.001), anchovy, seaweeds, green vegetables, protein-rich foods (P < 0.05), and less frequent consumption of sweets or soft drinks (P < 0.01) were significantly related to calcium intake.

CONCLUSIONS

This study found that outcome expectations, self-efficacy in consuming calcium-rich foods, and eating behaviors are important in explaining calcium intake. Nutrition education needs to address practical benefits, reduce negative expectations of calcium-rich foods, increase self-efficacy, and modify eating behaviors contributing to calcium intake.     

生活技能教育与烟草控制教育

目的:让学生掌握生活技能基本知识,并学会在实际生活中应用这些生活技能。方法:2006年9月至11月在北京大学医学部开设《生活技能教育与心理健康促进》本科生选修课,采用参与式教学方法,以培养医学生从健康的生活方式为楔入口,为学生提供生活技能的理论教学与实践培训。通过课程前后2次问卷调查,对本课程教学内容、教学方式、教学效果以及学生健康相关行为和态度进行了评估。结果:课程结束后学生对生活技能的理解有了明显的正确改变,各种心理社会能力得分也有了明显的提高。生活技能教育对大学生烟草使用等不良行为、倡导健康生活方式起到了积极的作用。结论:开设相关生活技能教育课程是必要、有效且可行的,可以在高校推广应用。