小鼠内皮抑制素基因的克隆及生物学活性的初步分析

以中国昆明种小鼠组织的总ＲＮＡ为模板,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法扩增得到小鼠内皮抑制素（ＥＳ）ｃＤＮＡ,与文献报道的序列（Ｌ２２５４５）相比,ＥＳｃＤＮＡ测序结果ｃｔｇ在第２７８碱基处与文献报道（ｇｔｇ）存在一个碱基差异,导致编码的迄基酸由文献报道的Ｖａｌ变为Ｌｅｕ。该ＥＳｃＤＮＡ已被ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ接受,登录号为ＧｅｎＢａｎｋＡＦ２５７７７５。将该ＥＳｃＤＮＡ重组到真核表达载达ｐＳｅｃＴａｇ２－ＥＳ转录Ｃ     

Spread of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 8-ST63 Multidrug-Resistant Recombinant Clone,Spain

Since 2004, a total of 131 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae multidrug-resistant invasive serotype 8 have been detected in Spain. These isolates showed resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. All isolates were obtained from adult patients and shared a common genotype (sequence type [ST]63; penicillin-binding protein 1a [pbp1a], pbp2b, and pbp2x gene profiles; ermB and tetM genes; and a ParC-S79F change). Sixty-eight isolates that required a ciprofloxacin MIC ≥16 μg/mL had additional gyrA gene changes. Serotype 8-ST63 pbp2x sequences were identical with those of antimicrobial drug–susceptible serotype 8-ST53 isolates. Serotype 8-ST63 pbp2b sequences were identical with those of the multidrug-resistant Sweden 15A-ST63 clone. Recombination between the capsular locus and flanking regions of an ST53 isolate (donor) and an ST63 pneumococcus (recipient) generated the novel 15A-ST63 clone. One recombination point was upstream of pbp2x and another was within pbp1a. A serotype 8-ST63 clone was identified as a cause of invasive disease in Spain.     

A novel indole alkaloid from deep-sea sediment metagenomic clone-derived Escherichia coli fermentation broth

To explore secondary metabolites in deep-sea sediment metagenomic clone-derived Escherichia coli fermentation broth, different kinds of chromatography methods were used in the isolation procedures, while the structures of the isolated compounds were assigned based on the MS analysis and their ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra including 2D NMR techniques such as COSY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments. As a result, a novel compound was isolated and characterized as N-{1-[4-(acetylamino)phenyl]-3-hydroxy-1-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-2-yl}-2,2-dichloroacetamide (1). In addition, eight known compounds were also obtained. Fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase were used to screen analgesic activity, and the new compound showed analgesic activity to some extent in pharmacological test.     

Antibacterial agent triclosan suppresses RBL-2H3 mast cell function

Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, which has been shown previously to alleviate human allergic skin disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that the mechanism of this action of triclosan is, in part, due to effects on mast cell function. Mast cells play important roles in allergy, asthma, parasite defense, and carcinogenesis. In response to various stimuli, mast cells degranulate, releasing allergic mediators such as histamine. In order to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of triclosan on mast cells, we monitored the level of degranulation in a mast cell model, rat basophilic leukemia cells, clone 2H3. Having functional homology to human mast cells, as well as a very well defined signaling pathway leading to degranulation, this cell line has been widely used to gain insight into mast-cell driven allergic disorders in humans. Using a fluorescent microplate assay, we determined that triclosan strongly dampened the release of granules from activated rat mast cells starting at 2 μM treatment, with dose-responsive suppression through 30 μM. These concentrations were found to be non-cytotoxic. The inhibition was found to persist when early signaling events (such as IgE receptor aggregation and tyrosine phosphorylation) were bypassed by using calcium ionophore stimulation, indicating that the target for triclosan in this pathway is likely downstream of the calcium signaling event. Triclosan also strongly suppressed F-actin remodeling and cell membrane ruffling, a physiological process that accompanies degranulation. Our finding that triclosan inhibits mast cell function may explain the clinical data mentioned above and supports the use of triclosan or a mechanistically similar compound as a topical treatment for allergic skin disease, such as eczema.     

铬对糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌GLUT4基因表达的影响

目的:探讨补铬对糖尿病大鼠糖代谢相关基因表达的影响。方法:对前期研究分离到的与补铬200μg/(kgbw?d)有关的糖尿病大鼠差异显示的基因片段进行克隆、测序及同源性分析,根据待检测的基因序列进行引物设计,进行RT-PCR检测。以激光密度扫描仪进行光密度扫描分析,以目的基因与参考基因的灰度比值反映其表达水平。结果:差显片段Cr-3的碱基序列与GLUT4同源性为98%。各组大鼠骨骼肌组织中GLUT4mRNA的表达:糖尿病补铬组GLUT4表达量低于正常对照组(P<0.05),高于糖尿病对照组(P<0.05)。结论:给糖尿病大鼠补充微量元素铬可以上调骨骼肌组织中GLUT4mRNA的表达,进而使骨骼肌组织中GLUT4含量增加,这可能是铬改善糖尿病大鼠糖、脂代谢紊乱的分子机制之一。     

滇龙胆3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶基因克隆、表达及分析

目的:从药用植物滇龙胆中克隆得到3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase,HMGR)基因的c DNA全长,构建原核表达载体使其在大肠埃希菌中表达,对其进行定量表达并进行生物信息学分析。方法:利用PCR扩增克隆得到滇龙胆HMGR基因c DNA全长。构建p EASY-E1-HMGR表达载体,IPTG诱导表达。利用生物信息学方法分析克隆到的c DNA序列并预测结构和功能。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)分析滇龙胆根、茎、叶在4个不同发育时期的HMGR表达情况。结果:克隆出两组HMGR基因,其中一组HMGR c DNA全长1 747 bp,开放阅读框长1 697 bp,编码565个氨基酸,定名为GRHMGR-1;另一组HMGR c DNA全长1 731 bp,开放阅读框长1 572 bp,编码523个氨基酸,定名为GRHMGR-2。SDS-PAGE显示重组质粒成功表达目的蛋白。Blastp发现,GRHMGR-1,GRHMGR-2与同属植物黄龙胆、秦艽的亲缘关系最为相近。结构分析显示都含有2个HMG-CoA结合位点,2个NADPH结合位点,预测都定位于内质网上。HMGR在滇龙胆根、茎、叶这4个不同发育期均有表达,表达量最高的是叶。结论:首次从滇龙胆中克隆到可能编码HMGR酶的基因,可为深入探讨滇龙胆龙胆苦苷生物合成奠定基础。     

灯盏花MYB基因克隆及其荧光表达载体的构建

目的克隆灯盏花MYB基因的全长序列,为解析灯盏花MYB基因的功能奠定基础。方法根据灯盏花转录组的相关信息,利用RACE方法从灯盏花中克隆到一个可能参与灯盏花乙素合成的MYB基因,在对其cDNA序列、核苷酸序列的相似性、理化性质、疏水性、跨膜结构、二级结构及三级结构进行分析预测的基础上,对其进行多序列比对并构建系统树。同时,还构建了该基因与绿色荧光蛋白的融合表达载体,并进行了初步转化研究。结果克隆获得灯盏花MYB基因,命名为ebMYB06,其开放阅读框为783 bp,编码260个氨基酸残基,相对分子质量为63 800,理论等电点(p I)为5.18,属稳定蛋白。其蛋白二级结构主要由无规卷曲、α-螺旋和β-折叠构成。根据灯盏花MYB与拟南芥MYB(AtMYB)的系统树比对分析结果,发现ebMYB基因与拟南芥中的AtMYB4、7、32、6、8和AtMYB11、12、111 2亚群的基因聚类,推测所克隆基因在结构或功能上,可能与这两组具有共同性。实验还表明所构建的表达可用于灯盏花的高效转化。结论首次从灯盏花中克隆到可能参与其苯丙烷代谢或环境响应调控的MYB基因。     

刺五加GPS基因克隆及表达特征与皂苷含量相关性研究

目的克隆刺五加香叶基焦磷酸合成酶(geranyl pyrophosphate synthase,GPS)基因的cDNA序列并分析基因序列特征、不同器官中基因表达水平及其与皂苷含量的相关性。方法提取刺五加的RNA,逆转录为cDNA。根据转录组测序结果中编码GPS的unigene(c37362.graph_c0),设计特异性引物,经过PCR扩增GPS基因的cDNA全长。利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析GPS基因在不同器官中的表达水平,并通过分光光度法检测刺五加总皂苷含量。结果克隆得到长1260bp、编码419个氨基酸的刺五加GPS基因cDNA。GPS蛋白定位于线粒体内且不存在跨膜区域。GPS基因在各个器官中均有表达,在叶片中的表达量最高,是根中表达量的5.26倍。GPS基因的相对表达量与皂苷量呈现出同升同降的变化趋势,表现为显著正相关关系(r=0.851,P0.05)。结论首次克隆获得刺五加GPS基因的cDNA全长序列,明确了刺五加GPS基因的表达量与皂苷含量之间存在正相关关系。     

药用菊花中绿原酸合成途径关键酶基因的克隆及表达分析

目的探究淹水胁迫对杭菊绿原酸合成途径中的关键酶香豆酰基喹酸酯3’-单加氧酶(C3’H)和莽草酸羟基肉桂酰基转移酶(HCT)基因的表达和活性成分的影响。方法使用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)方法基于杭菊转录组数据库克隆HCT和C3’H基因各2个,其中C3’H酶的2个基因CmC3’H1、CmC3’H2,HCT酶的2个基因CmHCT1、CmHCT2,并进行生物信息学分析;同时在杭菊花芽分化期进行淹水胁迫,以β-actin为内参基因,使用qRT-PCR检测以上4个基因的相对表达量;然后使用HPLC法测定杭菊这4个基因的下游产物及其他指标成分含量。结果通过研究获得了4条基因的完整开放阅读框,并且预测其氨基酸序列的相对分子质量和理论等电点(pI),同时构建蛋白质三级结构模型。qRT-PCR结果显示在花芽分化期对杭菊进行持续3 d的淹水处理会导致以上4个基因在不同生长时期内的表达显著变化。HPLC结果显示淹水处理后的杭菊C3’H和HCT所催化形成的下游产物绿原酸含量显著高于对照组,同时发现其他2种指标成分木犀草苷和3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量也显著高于对照组。结论杭菊在淹水胁迫下可以通过调节4种基因的表达来调控下游产物的合成,从而对淹水胁迫做出应答,而且花芽分化期进行淹水胁迫可以显著增强杭菊活性成分的积累。     

药用植物培养高产细胞系的选育

通过植物发酵培养获得有用的药用植物次生代谢物是解决药用植物资源问题的有效手段。然而，大多数有用的次生物质在植物细胞中含量极低。为此，在工业化生产中首先需要适时地对植物细胞进行选育和改良，以解决提高植物细胞中次生物质含量问题。本文对药用植物培养高产细胞系选育方法和研究作了概述，针对高产细胞系筛选、诱变育种和基因转移关键共性技术研究及对解决高产细胞系不稳定性问题进行了讨论。