Aetiology of intellectual disability – the Finnish classification: development of a method to incorporate WHO ICD-10 coding

The present authors made an attempt to ease the diagnostic work of physicians who have patients with intellectual disability by creating an aetiological classification system based on the time and mechanism of injury to the central nervous system (CNS). The current paper presents the work-up needed for understanding at least the timing of the causative factor/factors. The timing principle opens a direct course to family counselling. This method has been very well accepted during its 18 years of use in Finland, and therefore, it was felt that it would be helpful to organize the relevant ICD-10 diagnoses according to the timing principle. This method has been published as a manual. An image of a tree became the obvious metaphor for this system. The genetic category forms the main root and stem, from which multiple branched roots and limbs emerge. The individual diagnoses appear as root nodules and leaves. The system is flexible, making it possible to add new branches for groups of diagnoses when improved diagnostic methods create these options (e.g. microdeletions). The aetiological diagnoses change accordingly. Over the course of further development, new incidents damaging the CNS may affect the functional level of an individual and require additional diagnoses. It is a constant challenge for physicians to keep the diagnoses of their patients up to date. The image of the tree helps professionals to think in terms of timing, and thus, makes family counselling easier. It is also helpful in the education of medical professionals.     

防城港市住宿业卫生监督量化分级结果

目的了解防城港市实施住宿业卫生监督量化分级管理的工作情况、住宿业卫生状况及存在的问题,为制定卫生监督对策提供科学依据。方法根据卫生部制定的《住宿业卫生监督量化分级评分表》,对全市所有住宿经营单位进行初评及现场指导后进入正式评审,确定卫生信誉度等级。结果全市共有263家住宿经营单位参加量化分级管理正式评审,评上C级以上卫生信誉度等级共146家,量化率为55.51%;扣分较多的项目为布草间环境、保洁设施、清洁工具、自查记录及清洗消毒等。结论应加强宣传培训,强化社会监督,完善公共场所法律法规,加大处罚力度,增强经营单位自律意识,提高公共场所卫生质量。     

Maximum likelihood estimation and likelihood ratio test for square tables with missing data

Missing data complicate the analysis of paired categorical data. This paper considers with the use of the EM algorithm, the maximum likelihood estimation and likelihood ratio test for incomplete square tables with missing data. An example involving the susceptibility of micro-organisms to antimicrobial drugs illustrates the procedure.     

Sentinel lymph nodes in cancer of the oral cavity – isolated tumour cells

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node biopsy, step sectioning and immunohistochemistry have changed detection of tumour deposits. Isolated tumour cells (ITC) are detected more frequently than earlier because of a changed level of detection. METHODS: A total of 108 sentinel lymph nodes from 30 patients with T1/T2 cN0 oral cancer were re-classified histologically to find possible ITC and to describe technical pitfalls. RESULTS: Primarily we found metastatic spread in 12 of 108 sentinel lymph nodes: five macrometastasis and seven micrometastasis. After re-classification, we found seven lymph nodes with macrometastasis, five with micrometastasis and two with ITC. CONCLUSION: The ITC are probably precursors of micrometastasis waiting to grow and should be treated as such. Benign inclusions and dendritic cells did not cause problems, but can mimic ITC.     

Factor structure of DSM-III-R personality disorders shown by self-report questionnaire: implications for classifying and assessing personality disorders.

A modified version of the revised Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-R), based on DSM-III-R personality disorders (PD), was completed by 74 psychiatric patients. A factor analysis of the scores for each of the PD (i.e. of the number of positive DSM-III-R criteria for each of the PD) yielded 3 factors that defined 3 PD clusters. These were similar to the 3 DMS-III-R PD clusters for 7 of the 11 PD categories. The 3-group solution of a cluster analysis of the patients (using their scores of positive criteria for each of the PD) did not reflect these factors; the main discriminating variable between the 3 groups of patients was the total number of positive PD criteria. It is suggested that, for the routine assessment of patients, the most important derivative of the DSM-III-R classification of PD is the total score of positive PD criteria.     

对双亲/孩子结构连接算法的研究与改进

结合区间编码和结点模型映射方法提出一种用于关系数据库的扩展存储模式.通过按广度优先遍历XML树实现对双亲/孩子关系结构连接算法的改进.改进后的算法降低了内存空间的开销,缩小了列表的扫描范围,明显提高了查找匹配速度,达到了查询优化的目的.     

Real-time multiprocessing of slit scan chromosome profiles

The multiprocessor NERV and its application to slit scan flow cytometry is described. Up to 320 processors and 640 MBytes of RAM may be used in one VME crate, providing a computing power of ≤ 1300 MIPS. The multiprocessor is controlled by a host computer that provides a friendly user interface and comfortable program development tools. All hardware and software has been tested on a prototype NERV system with 5 processors. For a real-time classification/detection of normal and aberrant chromosomes, the centromeric index or the number of centromeres are computed or specifically labeled DNA sequences are detected. The program is partitioned into 60 tasks that can be executed concurrently. A total analysis time of < 600 μs including system overhead will be achieved according to timing measurements which have been done for all individual tasks.     

肿瘤、瘤样病变与疾病分类

文章就肿瘤分类中应注意的几个问题进行了归述,并对癌前病变、瘤样病变的囊肿息肉等分类进行了总结,与大家共同探讨,以提高疾病分类水平。