造血干细胞移植后移植物抗宿主病中医辨证初探

目的:探索造血干细胞移植后移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的中医辨证特点,以期为进一步研究本病治疗提供临床辨治依据.方法:对62例GVHD患者按急慢性分组共计85例次进行中医辨证观察.结果:急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)50例次,湿热型占68%,半数有肝损害黄疸,血热阴虚型占32%,病情偏重者较多;慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD)35例次,湿热型占25.7%,且多兼阴虚、血瘀,阴虚型占74.3%.结论:GVHD常见基本中医证型为湿热和阴虚型.aGVHD以湿热型多见,重症患者在血热阴虚型中易见;cGVHD则以阴虚型为主;随着病情加重和病程延长阴虚证型呈增多趋势.     

经会阴四维盆底超声动态成像对初产妇膀胱膨出疾病分级与分型的临床价值

目的 探讨经会阴四维盆底超声动态成像对初产妇膀胱膨出疾病分级与分型的临床价值。方法 选取西安市第三医院2018年1月~2018年6月收治的盆底功能障碍性疾病（膀胱膨出）初产妇92例为研究对象,根据产妇的分娩方式分为经阴道分娩组（n=46）及剖宫产组（n=46）。在静息、屏气向下用力动作（Valaslva）及缩肛状态下观察两组患者膀胱尿道及盆膈裂孔的超声成像变化,测量膀胱相关参数数值并进行膀胱膨出Green分型。 结果 两组产妇经会阴盆底超声参数比较中,静止期BSD、尿道膀胱后角比较,差异均无统计学意义（均 P＞0.05）;剖宫产组产妇张力期BSD、尿道膀胱后角及膀胱颈移动度、尿道旋转角均明显小于经阴道分娩组产妇（均 P＜0.05）。 经阴道分娩组产妇膀胱膨出Green分型中,Ⅰ型6例（13.04%）,Ⅱ型26例（56.52%）,Ⅲ型14例（30.43%）;剖宫产组产妇膀胱膨出Green分型中,Ⅰ型14例（30.43%）,Ⅱ型23例（50.00%）,Ⅲ型9例（19.56%）。经阴道分娩组Ⅰ型膀胱膨出者明显少于剖宫产组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而两组产妇Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型膀胱膨出例数比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 经会阴四维盆底超声检查可清楚显示盆底解剖结构,有效区分不同分娩方式产妇的盆底Green类型,为临床制定治疗方案提供可靠的影像学资料。     

Multi‐center Retrospective Study of Factors Affecting Perioperative Transfusion of Packed Red Blood Cells for Pelvic Fracture Patients

ObjectiveTo analyze the use of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) for patients with pelvic fracture and evaluate factors associated with PRBC transfusion for patients with pelvic fracture.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study collected 551 patients with pelvic fractures from six hospitals between September 1, 2012, and June 31, 2019. The age span of patients varied from 10 to 95 years old, and they were classified into two groups based on high‐energy pelvic fractures (HE‐PFs) or low‐energy pelvic fractures (LE‐PFs). The study''s outcome was the use of PRBCs, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and albumin. Demographic data, characteristics, laboratory tests, clinical treatment details, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Factors that were statistically associated with perioperative PRBCs in univariate analyses were included to conduct an optimal scale regression to determine the independent factors for perioperative PRBCs.ResultsA total of 551 patients were screened from six hospitals, and after inclusion and exclusion, 319 were finally included and finished the follow‐up from admission to discharge, while four patients died during hospitalization. Three hundred and nineteen patients were classified into two groups by their injury mechanisms. A total of 230/319 (72.1%) patients were classified into the HE‐PF group, and 89/319 (27.8%) patients were classified into the LE‐PF group. Patients in the HE‐PF group were transfused with 4.5 (3–8) units of PRBCs, 300 (0–600) ml of FFP, and 0 (0–30) g of albumin, while patients in the LE‐PF group were transfused with 3.5 (2–4.5) units of PRBCs, 0 (0–295) ml of FFP, and 0 (0–0) g of albumin (all P < 0.001). There were higher proportions of male patients and patients under 65 in the HE‐PF group (all P < 0.001). HE‐PF group patients were more severely injured and likely to take external fixation. The optimal scale regression revealed four significant factors associated with perioperative transfused PRBCs, which were patients on admission with hemorrhagic shock (importance = 0.283, P = 0.004), followed by fracture types identified by Tile classification (importance = 0.156, P < 0.001), hemoglobin levels below 70 g/L on admission (importance = 0.283, P = 0.004), followed by fracture types identified by Tile classification (importance = 0.156, P < 0.001), hemoglobin levels below 70 g/L on admission (importance = 0.148, P = 0.039), and methods of pelvic fixation (importance = 0.008, P = 0.026), ranked by the importance.ConclusionPatients with HE‐PFs had increased transfusions of PRBCs, FFP, and albumin, and hemorrhagic shock on admission, Tile classification, Hb levels, and stabilization methods were found to be associated with perioperative PRBCs.     

儿童血管炎新分类(2005年维也纳国际会议)

血管炎疾病的共同病理变化为血管壁炎症性破坏,多核、单核、嗜酸性细胞浸润,血管壁纤维蛋白样坏死。伴有肾脏病变者肾小球节段坏死并有新月体形成。     

急性脑梗死患者临床分型及梗死面积与心电图改变的关系

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者临床分型和梗死面积与心电图(ECG)改变的关系.方法 给216例急性脑梗死患者进行ECG检查,按牛津郡社区卒中项目(OCSP)分型和梗死面积分型,对各组患者的ECG检查结果进行分析比较.结果 OCSP分型完全前循环梗死(TACI)组、部分前循环梗死(PACI)组、后循环梗死(POCI)组和腔隙性梗死(LACI)组患者的ECG异常率分别是: 95. 5%、80.4%、62.5%和48.5%,TACI组和PACI组明显高于LACI组(P＜0.05～0.01);大中面积梗死组(83.7%)的ECG异常率明显高于小面积梗死组(60.4%)和腔隙性梗死组(53.2%)(P＜0.05～0.01);小面积梗死组的ECG异常率高于腔隙性梗死组(P＜0.05).OCSP和梗死面积分型各亚型组出现ST-T改变和心律失常的比率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05～0.01).结论 急性脑梗死临床分型病情重和梗死面积大的患者ECG异常率高.     

单增李斯特菌质粒研究进展

单增李斯特菌是一种可引起李斯特菌病的重要食源性病原体,质粒在单增李斯特菌中分布广泛,这些质粒对宿主的环境适应能力、毒力以及耐药有一定的促进作用.基因组测序技术的发展为质粒的发现及功能研究提供了很好的基础.本文综述了单增李斯特菌质粒的分类、分布及其生物学功能研究进展.     

中医诊疗方法规范化构想

现代中医诊疗常仿照西医学一病一规范的模式,多以症状命名疾病,乃至中医诊疗方法混乱,难以实现规范化。通过选用《伤寒论》的诊疗模式,把患者的系统症状、体征进行阴阳分类,以六大证候群为纲,客观系统评价患者出现的症状及体征,将个体繁杂的症状与体征总结归纳为六大证候群中的一种或多种,为中医诊疗方法规范化提供新的思路。     

主成分分析和聚类分析法用于微晶纤维素分类

目的:研究主成分分析法及聚类分析法在微晶纤维素分类中的应用。方法:测定了来源于5个不同厂家的12种PH101和PH102型微晶纤维素的粉体学等物理性质,采用主成分分析法及聚类分析法对微晶纤维素的分类进行研究。结果:主成分分析和聚类分析的分析结果一致,主成分分析揭示了PH101和PH102型微晶纤维素分类的依据。结论:主成分分析法和聚类分析法可以用于微晶纤维素的分类研究,其结果与传统生产应用中微晶纤维素分类一致。     

9例股骨头骨折临床治疗与分析

目的 探讨不同类型股骨头骨折的治疗方法和并对其疗效进行分析.方法 回顾分析广州中医药大学第一附属医院—骨科自2006至2011年收治的9例股骨头骨折患者,根据Pikpin分型,Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型2例,Ⅳ型2例,根据患者受伤的特点结合Pikpin分型,采用不同的手术治疗方法,并对其结果进行分析.结果 9例经6个月～3年的随访,根据Thompson-Epstein临床和影像学评定标准,优4例,良3例,差2例,优良率77.8％.结论 股骨头骨折是罕见的骨折,根据受伤特点结合Pikpin分型,采用不同的治疗方法,术后早期功能锻炼,可取得较满意的疗效.