复方头孢氨苄胶囊的褶合光谱法测定

用褶合光谱法同时测定复方头孢氨苄胶囊中头孢氨苄和甲氧苄啶二组分的含量。头孢氨苄和甲氧苄啶的平均回收率分别为100．1％（RSD0．35％）和101．0％（RSD1．98％）。     

褶合光谱法用于盐酸普鲁卡因注射液中对氨基苯甲酸的限量检测

 目的:建立用褶合光谱法进行盐酸普鲁卡因注射液中对氨基苯甲酸(PABA)限量检测的方法。方法:选择褶合光谱波长范围为210～330 nm，间隔4 nm,以限量杂质三维褶合光谱差谱点域值为判据。结果:检测了5批样品，结果与中国药典规定的方法一致。结论:方法简便、灵敏、结果准确，适用于药物的杂质限量检测。     

应用体内外相关性模型研究红霉素缓释微囊的体内外相关性

 目的 对红霉素缓释微囊的体内外相关性进行了研究,并对模型在预测体内数据方面的性能进行了考察。方法 应用美国缓、控释制剂专业委员会推荐的水平A、水平B两种体内外相关的模型。收集红霉素缓释微囊12 h的体外溶出数据。同时以家兔为实验动物,灌服微囊后收集血药浓度。应用水平A相关性模型,采用反卷积方法获得体内吸收百分数,并与体外溶出百分数进行比较。同时进一步运用基本的和扩展的卷积-反卷积方法对微囊的体内外相关性进行研究。对水平B相关性模型在药物相关性研究上的应用也进行了考察。结果 水平A模型和水平B模型都得到比较好的结果。结论 两种模型都能刻画体内外的相关性,水平A相关性模型可以得到较水平B相关性模型更多的关于药物体内外相关性的信息。     

An improved algorithm for model-based analysis of evoked skin conductance responses

Model-based analysis of psychophysiological signals is more robust to noise – compared to standard approaches – and may furnish better predictors of psychological state, given a physiological signal. We have previously established the improved predictive validity of model-based analysis of evoked skin conductance responses to brief stimuli, relative to standard approaches. Here, we consider some technical aspects of the underlying generative model and demonstrate further improvements. Most importantly, harvesting between-subject variability in response shape can improve predictive validity, but only under constraints on plausible response forms. A further improvement is achieved by conditioning the physiological signal with high pass filtering. A general conclusion is that precise modelling of physiological time series does not markedly increase predictive validity; instead, it appears that a more constrained model and optimised data features provide better results, probably through a suppression of physiological fluctuation that is not caused by the experiment.     

基于边界信息的医学图像三维插值

目的Cubic卷积插值是医学图像三维插值的常用方法,针对其插值处的结果边界模糊和精度不高的缺陷,建立一种精确度较高的插值方法。方法首先通过模糊对比度增强精确定位图像边界,再运用形态学运算确定出新插值图像边界,对于新插值图像边界点采用最佳匹配对应点插值;对于非边界点采用一种新的Cubic卷积插值方法确定其灰度值。结果本文方法的均方差、不符合像素点数和最大误差均小于传统插值方法。结论本文提出的方法具有较高的精确性。     

Significance of beaten copper appearance on skull radiographs in children with isolated sagittal synostosis

Aims and Objectives The significance of beaten copper appearance (BCA) on skull radiographs in children following surgery for isolated sagittal craniosynostosis has not been studied. This study was designed to look for any correlation between BCA and symptoms suggestive of intracranial hypertension in this group of patients. Materials and Methods Forty-eight consecutive children, who were operated for isolated sagittal synostosis from1987 to 2000 and had postoperative skull radiographs, were included. Patients were divided into: (a) BCA group (n = 20), consisting of children who had beaten copper appearance on skull radiographs at last follow up, and (b) Non-BCA group (n = 28), consisting of children who did not have this finding. Records were reviewed to look for symptoms suggestive of intracranial hypertension, such as headache, head banging, and irritability. Results Median age at surgery was 4.8 months for BCA group and 4 months for the non-BCA group. Follow up ranged from 4 to 156 months with a mean of 36.2 months. Total of 28.6% (n = 6) of the children with follow up radiographs done at ≤18 months of age had BCA. The incidence of BCA increased to 83.3% in children with skull radiographs performed after 48 months of age. In 18 (90%) children, the BCA was ‘diffuse’ with 5 (25%) children having the maximum possible score of 8. In the BCA group, 45% (n = 9) had symptoms compared to 10.7% (n = 3) in the control group (p = 0.0068). Conclusions This study suggests a significant number of children with BCA on radiographs develop symptoms suggestive of raised ICP following surgical treatment in infancy and prolonged follow up may be warranted in this group of patients.     

Off-resonance artifacts correction with convolution in k-space (ORACLE)

Off-resonance artifacts hinder the wider applicability of echo-planar imaging and non-Cartesian MRI methods such as radial and spiral. In this work, a general and rapid method is proposed for off-resonance artifacts correction based on data convolution in k-space. The acquired k-space is divided into multiple segments based on their acquisition times. Off-resonance-induced artifact within each segment is removed by applying a convolution kernel, which is the Fourier transform of an off-resonance correcting spatial phase modulation term. The field map is determined from the inverse Fourier transform of a basis kernel, which is calibrated from data fitting in k-space. The technique was demonstrated in phantom and in vivo studies for radial, spiral and echo-planar imaging datasets. For radial acquisitions, the proposed method allows the self-calibration of the field map from the imaging data, when an alternating view-angle ordering scheme is used. An additional advantage for off-resonance artifacts correction based on data convolution in k-space is the reusability of convolution kernels to images acquired with the same sequence but different contrasts.     

Microdissection study of the length of different tubular segments of rat superficial nephrons

Summary Anatomical investigations have been carried out on rats of two different strains. The kidney weight was shown to be linearly dependent upon body weight. Microdissections of superficial nephrons revealed that there is a significant correlation between kidney weight and the length of the proximal convolution, loop of Henle and distal convolution. The mean length of the proximal convolution in a 1 g kidney was 5.91 mm, and of the loop of Henle (pars recta of the proximal tubule included) 6.50 mm. The bend of loops of Henle belonging to superficial nephrons was always situated in the outer medulla.

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Zusammenfassung An den Nieren von Ratten zweier unterschiedlicher Stämme wurde die Länge oberflächlich gelegener Nephrone mit der Mikrodissektionsmethode bestimmt. Dabei war eine direkte Korrelation zwischen dem Nierengewicht und den einzelnen Abschnitten des Nephrons (proximales Konvolut, Henlesche Schleife, distales Konvolut) nachweisbar. Die mittlere Länge des proximalen Konvoluts betrug für ein Nierengewicht von 1 g 5,91 mm und für die Henlesche Schleife einschließlich der pars recta des proximalen Tubulus 6,5 mm. Die Umbiegungsstelle von Schleifen oberflächlich gelegener Nephrone lag immer im äußeren Nierenmark. Diese Längenvariationen in Abhängigkeit vom Nierengewicht sind auch auf das Körpergewicht beziehbar, da sich eine annähernd lineare Beziehung zwischen Nierengewicht und Bruttokörpergewicht ergab.

     

基于注意力门和空洞空间金字塔池化UNet模型提取肝包膜及评估肝硬化北大核心CSCD

目的提出注意力门(AG)和空洞空间金字塔池化(ASPP)UNet模型(AA-UNet),观察其提取肝脏高频超声图像中肝包膜并用于评估肝硬化的价值。方法纳入47例肝硬化患者及20例非肝脏疾病患者,于肝脏高频声像图中手工标注肝包膜作为标签图像;将AG及ASPP加入UNet,以之提取声像图中的肝包膜;最后加入视觉几何组(VGG)16全连接层和Softmax分类器,评估有无肝硬化及其程度,即正常及轻度、中度肝硬化。采用AA-UNet提取58例颈动脉斑块患者提取颈动脉高频超声声像图中动脉壁,以验证AA-UNet的鲁棒性。结果AA-UNet提取的肝脏高频超声声像图中的肝包膜与标签图像相似,其交并比、精确率及F分数均大于DeepLabv3+、UNet、UNet+AG及UNet+ASPP提取结果,且用于提取颈动脉高频超声声像图中的动脉壁的效果亦较佳。AA-UNet用于评估肝脏高频超声声像图中正常及轻、中度肝硬化的准确率分别为90.00%、81.67%及78.33%。结论AA-UNet用于提取肝脏高频超声声像图中的肝包膜及评估轻度肝硬化的效果较佳。     

褶合光谱法同时测定抗敏Ⅰ号中双主药含量

本文应用计算机辅助褶合光谱分析法不经分离同时测定了抗敏Ｉ号中富马酸酮替芬和地塞米松磷酸钠的含量。平均回收率和ＲＳＤ分别为１０１．０１±０．７６％和９９．５１±１．６９％。结果显示,该法具简单、快速、准确等优点,较适合于医院制剂的常规分析。