Possible Relation of p53 and mdm-2 Oncoprotein Expression in Thyroid Carcinoma: A Molecular-Pathological and Immunohistochemical Study on Paraffin-Embedded Tissue

Routinely processed tissues from a series of benign and malignant thyroid lesions were immunohistochemically investigated with antibodies against p53 and mdm-2. p53 was immunolocalized in <10% of nuclei in 2/80 nodular goiters, 2/60 follicular adenomas, 26/68 follicular carcinomas, 7/40 papillary carcinomas, 3/10 “insular” carcinomas, and 10/31 anaplastic carcinomas. More than 10% positively stained nuclei were found in 2 widely invasive follicular, 2 insular, and 15 anaplastic carcinomas. All p53-positive cases showed a concomitant immunohistochemical mdm-2 expression; an immunohistochemical colocalization on serial section was demonstrated in 12 anaplastic carcinomas. Screening by polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis of these 12 cases revealed no relevant mutations in the coding regions of exons 2–11 of the p53 gene. Additionally, 1 follicular adenoma, 6 follicular carcinomas (4 minimally and 2 widely invasive), 1 papillary, and 2 poorly differentiated insular carcinomas were mdm-2 positive without immunohistochemically detectable p53 expression. These results provide evidence that wild-type p53 expression in thyroid carcinomas may be associated with mdm-2 induced formation of stable complexes. However, the role of p53 mutations and p53 protein inactivation owing to other factors (e.g., mdm-2) in the progression of thyroid carcinomas is still poorly understood.     

结核性淋巴结炎的“结节病”样变型

对１２例经病理学专家会诊、从病变上认定的淋巴结“结节病”石蜡包埋组织，应用结核杆菌ＤＮＡ特异性序列片段的聚合酶链反应（Ｍ．ＴＢ－ＰＣＲ）技术、ＢＣＧ免疫组化（ＢＣＧ－ＩＨＣ）技术和抗酸染色（ＡＦ）进行了分支杆菌／结核杆菌检测。在这１２例考虑为“结节病”的病例中：有１例呈ＢＣＧ－ＩＨＣ和Ｍ。ＴＢ－ＰＣＲ两项阳性；另１例呈ＡＦ、ＢＣＧ－ＩＨＣ和Ｍ．ＴＢ－ＰＣＲ三项阳性。研究结果提示：（１）某些结核性淋巴结炎可呈结节病样病变；（２）淋巴结结节病很可能与分支杆菌／结核杆菌感染有关。     

Reconstitution of a functional interleukin (IL)-7 receptor demonstrates that the IL-2 receptor γ chain is required for IL-7 signal transduction

The interleukin (IL)-2 receptor γ chain has recently been shown to be a component of the IL-7 and IL-4 receptors. Using a transient transfection assay and the trans-activation of reporter gene constructs which are under the control of cytokine-responsive promoter elements, we have studied signal transduction through the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R). The reporter gene expression was not stimulated by receptors that contained the cytoplasmic domain of the IL-7R, either as intact IL-7R or as part of a chimeric receptor. However, co-expression of the IL-7R with the IL-2 receptor γ chain was able to stimulate gene activation. For maximal stimulation the intact cytoplasmic domains of each chain was required.     

Immature B cells from human and mouse bone marrow can change their surface light chain expression

The capacity of bone marrow-derived surface immunoglobulin-positive (sIg⁺) human and mouse immature B cells, generated either in vitro or in vivo, to change their light (L) chain expression, has been assayed by the number of cells which change in vitro from one type of L chain to the other type, or to no sIg at all. Immature sIg⁺ B cells were generated in vitro from sIg^? precursor cells from human or mouse bone marrow. The immature sIg⁺ cells expressed RAG-1. Human sIg⁺ cells expressed xfr; and λ L chains in ratios between 1:1 and 3:1, whereas in mouse cells, this ratio ranged from 10:1 to 20:1. Upon reculture of the human and mouse xfr;⁺sIg⁺ cells, about half of them remained xfr;⁺, a quarter became λ⁺, and another quarter became sIg^?. Between 1 and 3% expressed both xfr; and λ chains. Of the human λ⁺ cells, about two-thirds remained λ⁺, only 1 to 2% became xfr;⁺, while the other third became sIg^?. Again, between 1 and 3% expressed both xfr; and λ L chains. These results indicate that expression of sIgM in the B cell membrane does not terminate L chain gene rearrangement, and that some order exists in xfr; versus λ gene rearrangements. Hence, human and mouse xfr;⁺ immature B cells can become λ⁺, but very few of the λ⁺ cells can become xfr;⁺, and both can become sIg^?. Further, human CD10⁺/sIg⁺ xfr;⁺ and λ⁺ cells and mouse B220^low/sIg^low xfr;⁺ cells enriched from bone marrow, i.e. immature B cells differentiated in vivo, changed their Ig phenotype upon in vitro culture, but in lower frequencies. By contrast, human and mouse mature B cells did not change their L chain or Ig phenotype. Hence, at least a part of the sIg⁺ immature B cells in bone marrow retain the capacity to change their L chain and Ig phenotype, and this capacity is lost when they become mature, peripheral B cells.     

Significance of methods for purification of oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes for the efficiency of gene diagnosis by real-time PCR

Analysis of the use of real-time PCR with fluorescent registration of results for gene diagnosis of infectious diseases showed that the sensitivity and reliability of quantitative evaluation of DNA targets directly depended on the method of purification of oligonucleotide probes. Chromatographic behavior of synthetic probes carrying various fluorophores and fluorescence quenchers was analyzed. Approaches to optimization of purification methods are proposed enabling elimination of previously undetectable admixtures. The importance of these studies is explained by the need in extending the armory of methods for the development and production of diagnosticums for detection of infectious and hereditary diseases, identification of genetically modified organisms, and for a wide spectrum of research in molecular biology and medicine. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 3, pp. 280–284, March, 2008     

宫颈病变程度与人类乳头瘤病毒(16、18型)负荷的关系

目的探讨宫颈病变程度与人类乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)16、18型负荷的关系。方法采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)方法,检测宫颈不同病变活检组织及石蜡包埋标本中HPV16、18型感染状况。结果正常宫颈上皮感染HPV16、18型阳性率为3%,CINⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级和宫颈癌感染HPV16、18阳性率分别为45.7%,69.5%,72.2%和74.6%。正常宫颈与CIN,宫颈癌HPV16、18阳性率差异有极显著性(P<0.0001)。宫颈糜烂(Ⅰ°、Ⅱ°、Ⅲ°),CIN(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级)及鳞癌HPV16、18阳性标本平均拷贝数分别为:3.58×103、1.80×105、1.19×107,随着病变程度加重而逐渐增加,差异有极显著性(P<0.0001)。结论宫颈病变程度与HPV16、18型负荷呈正相关。对宫颈病变组织标本行HPV16、18型检测,对判断宫颈病变发展趋势,积极处理癌前病变,阻断病程、预防宫颈癌的发生将起到重要作用。     

系统性红斑狼疮临床特征与HLA—DR,DQ基因的相关研究

采用聚合酶链反应结合顺序特异物寡核苷酸（ＰＣＲ／ＳＳＯ）探针杂交方法对ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ，ＤＱ亚区作ＤＮＡ分型，分析了系统性红斑狼疮（ＳＬＥ）的各种临床特征与ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ、ＤＱ基因的关联，结果发现汉族ＳＬＥ中肾脏损害与ＤＲ２相关，而与ＤＲ４呈负相关，口、鼻腔粘膜溃疡与ＤＲ１２相关，未发现ＳＬＥ的其他临床特征与ＤＲ、ＤＱ基因有关，发病年龄小于３５ａ者，ＤＲ２，ＤＱ６阳性率高，而ＤＲ３则多见于发病年龄大于３     

中国汉族人群APOE等位基因频率的初步研究

载脂蛋白Ｅ（ａｐｏｌｉｐｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎＥ，ＡＰＯＥ）基因是一个多功能基因，除调节脂类及脂蛋白代谢之外，近年来还发现它与Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病及Ⅲ型高血脂症等病之间有密切关系。为对上述疾病进行病因学研究，作者采用一步法ＰＣＲ技术对４３８名无亲缘关系的中国汉族健康受试者的ＡＰＯＥ基因进行分型，并计算其基因频率分布，结果表明，中国治疗人群ＡＰＯＥ３种等位基因的频率分别为：Ｅ２＝０．０４００，Ｅ３＝０．８     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicobacter pylori</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">cagA</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">vacA</Emphasis> gene status in children from Brazil with chronic gastritis

Helicobacter pylori has been shown to be strongly associated with chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulceration, and is a risk factor for gastric carcinoma. Histology, urease, culture, and polymerase chain reaction have been employed as for H. pylori diagnostic methods, pre and post treatment or during follow-up of dyspeptic adult individuals referred for endoscopy. In order to obtain a more-sensitive and specific method for H. pylori detection, we evaluated gastric body and antrum biopsies of 134 consecutive Brazilian consecutive dyspeptic children aged 1-16 years by rapid urease test, histology and polymerase chain reaction using two pairs of oligonucleotides. Our results indicated that polymerase chain reaction with Southern blotting and hybridization with specific chemiluminescent probes increased the number of positive H. pylori patients by 35%. The genotyping of H. pylori strains directly from gastric biopsy using the same nucleic acid methodology revealed that there is no association of chronic gastritis in our infant patients with vacA s1 and the presence of the cagA gene. These data suggest an initial infection of children with normal mucosa and probably others factors than vacA s1 genotype or the presence of the cagA gene are associated with the onset of gastric disease. Altogether, our results reinforce the need for using more sensitive diagnostic methods in order to understand the role of H. pylori in the genesis of gastric disease in children and its progression in adults.     

Ras homolog gene family H (RhoH) deficiency induces psoriasis-like chronic dermatitis by promoting TH17 cell polarization

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