当归补血汤对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后大脑皮质神经元的保护作用

目的探讨大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后当归补血汤对大脑皮质神经元的保护作用。方法雄性SD大鼠48只随机分为假手术组、大脑中动脉阻塞再灌注组、生理盐水对照组、当归补血汤治疗组。治疗组术前连续6d灌胃,每日2次(早、晚各1次),术后4h再灌胃2次,每次2.5ml,次日取材。观察各组大鼠神经行为学缺陷;脑梗死体积和梗死率变化;血脑屏障通透性变化;大脑皮质神经元的形态和数量;大脑皮质神经元p53和天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)的表达情况以及大脑皮质凋亡神经元的形态和数量。结果与缺血再灌注组、生理盐水对照组比较,当归补血汤治疗组2,3,5-氯化三苯四氮唑(TTC)染色显示大脑皮质梗死区体积减少(P0.05);荧光显微镜观察脑组织中伊文斯蓝的含量减少(P0.05),Nissl染色显示大脑皮质神经元数量增加(P0.05);免疫组织化学方法显示大脑皮质神经元Caspase-3、p53的阳性细胞数减少(P0.05);TUNEL染色法显示大脑皮质神经元凋亡细胞减少(P0.05)。结论当归补血汤治疗组能减少大脑皮质神经元的死亡,这与其减少大脑皮质神经元Caspase-3、p53的表达,并通过减少细胞凋亡起保护作用有关。     

养血清脑颗粒治疗慢性脑供血不足的临床分析

目的:观察养血清脑颗粒治疗慢性脑供血不足(chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency,CCCI)的临床疗效。方法:将87CCCI例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组在基础治疗的同时,给予养血清脑颗粒口服,对照组给予尼莫地平口服,疗程均为1个月。结果:治疗组患者临床总有效率、血流变学和TCD指标改善情况明显优于对照组,两组间差异具有统计学意义。结论:养血清脑颗粒治疗CCCI安全可靠。     

共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(MRC600)活体观测川芎嗪和去甲基肾上腺素对休克状态下家兔大脑皮质内微循环的影响

目的 :共聚焦激光扫描显微镜活体观测川芎嗪和去甲基肾上腺素对休克状态下家兔大脑皮质内微循环的影响。方法 :在开放颅窗的家兔模型上 ,荧光素标记血浆 ,罗丹明 6G标记WBC ,用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜活体观测川芎嗪和去甲基肾上腺素对休克状态下家兔大脑皮质内微循环的影响 ,并经图像分析系统测量数据 ,用SAS软件包进行统计学分析。结果 :①川芎嗪抗休克效果优于去甲基肾上腺素 ;②去甲基肾上腺素在休克状态下对口径为 60 .15 μm的动脉血管处未引起明显的血管运动 ,而川芎嗪能引起血管运动 ,尤以大剂量川芎嗪引起强烈的血管运动 ;③川芎嗪和去甲基肾上腺素增加或保持血液缘流厚度不变 ,可能是两者抗休克机制发挥作用的途径之一 ;④川芎嗪和去甲基肾上腺素引起血管运动 ,尤以中小血管处明显。结论 :川芎嗪抗休克效果优于去甲基肾上腺素。川芎嗪和去甲基肾上腺素增加或保持血液缘流厚度不变 ,可能是两者抗休克机制发挥作用的途径之一     

大鼠大脑中动脉超微结构的衰老性变化

目的 研究大脑中动脉超微结构的增龄变化，为探索脑血管疾病的发病机制提供参考资料。方法 应用透射电镜观察各年龄组大鼠大脑中动脉的超微结构。结果 老龄组大鼠大脑中动脉基膜增厚，内弹性膜变薄、不均质、边缘伸出分支到中膜，内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞向内弹性膜穿过，内弹性膜内出现脂质，并有分层、断裂现象，胶原纤维增多。结论 随着年龄的增加，大鼠大脑中动脉的超微结构具有明显的改变。     

肌醇磷脂介导缺血脑损伤信号传导作用的研究进展

肌醇磷脂途径作为一种重要的细胞内信号传导通路，在神经系统特别是中枢神经系统发挥重要作用。本文旨在综述其在中枢神经系统的生理性作用。从而进一步探讨在脑缺血发生后这一通路的生理性代偿机制及病理生理机制。     

磁共振成像及氧化铁粒子标记在干细胞治疗脑缺血大鼠中的应用

目的 探讨磁共振成像及氧化铁粒子标记在干细胞治疗脑卒中模型中的应用价值.方法 线栓法建立9只大鼠大脑中动脉缺血模型,进行神经行为学评分、磁共振影像学和病理学评价,并对上述3项指标进行相关性分析.用超顺磁性氧化铁体外标记骨髓间充质干细胞,并另筛选18只脑缺血大鼠,分别接受缺血对侧皮层(n.6)、缺血同侧纹状体(n=6)的标记干细胞移植,并设对照组(n=6).分别在脑缺血后1 d、细胞移植后第1天、第7天及第14天进行磁共振扫描,观察各时间点的标记干细胞显示情况,并对各组之间梗死体积的变化进行统计学分析.结果 神经行为学评分、磁共振影像学和病理学评价对大鼠脑缺血模型评价的相关性好.磁共振各序列均可显示局部移植的标记干细胞,梯度回波序列最敏感,T2像空间分辨力高.磁共振成像可显示局部移植标记干细胞随时间推移而产生的分布变化.干细胞治疗各组之间脑梗死体积变化无明显差异.结论 磁共振成像是大鼠脑缺血模型评价的理想工具,配合氧化铁粒子标记干细胞可活体状态下了解干细胞移植后的分布变化.     

大鼠全脑缺血再灌注后耳蜗组织内TrkA和NGF表达的改变

目的 探讨大鼠全脑缺血再灌注后酪氨酸激酶A(TrkA)和神经生长因子(NGF)在耳蜗Corti器的表达.方法 建立大鼠全脑缺血再灌注模型,采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测TrkA和NGF在耳蜗中的表达;用TUNEL法检测耳蜗毛细胞发生凋亡的时相和分布.结果 再灌注后6h NGF表达增强,24h达高峰后逐渐回复,再灌注24 h～7 d TrkA表达减弱甚至不表达,3～7d期间耳蜗毛细胞出现凋亡,7～14d TrkA 表达逐渐恢复.结论 TrkA 的表达 对于介导NGF促感觉神经细胞存活及损伤修复的生物效应有重要意义.     

Perivascular Drainage of Amyloid-β Peptides from the Brain and Its Failure in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease is the commonest dementia. One major characteristic of its pathology is accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) as insoluble deposits in brain parenchyma and in blood vessel walls [cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)]. The distribution of Aβ deposits in the basement membranes of cerebral capillaries and arteries corresponds to the perivascular drainage pathways by which interstitial fluid (ISF) and solutes are eliminated from the brain—effectively the lymphatic drainage of the brain. Theoretical models suggest that vessel pulsations supply the motive force for perivascular drainage of ISF and solutes. As arteries stiffen with age, the amplitude of pulsations is reduced and insoluble Aβ is deposited in ISF drainage pathways as CAA, thus, further impeding the drainage of soluble Aβ. Failure of perivascular drainage of Aβ and deposition of Aβ in the walls of arteries has two major consequences: (i) intracerebral hemorrhage associated with rupture of Aβ-laden arteries in CAA; and (ii) Alzheimer's disease in which failure of elimination of ISF, Aβ and other soluble metabolites from the brain alters homeostasis and the neuronal environment resulting in cognitive decline and dementia. Therapeutic strategies that improve elimination of Aβ and other soluble metabolites from the brain may prevent cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.     

Effects of cerebrolysin on moderate cognitive impairments in cerebral vascular insufficiency (a clinical-electrophysiological study)

The efficacy of treatment with cerebrolysin was studied in 40 patients with cerebral vascular insufficiency. Cerebrolysin (20 daily i.v. infusions of 10 ml in 200 ml of physiological saline) was found to be an effective means of treating this group of patients. Courses of cerebrolysin treatment decreased the severity of memory and attention impairments, improving the overall cognitive status of the patients. Clinical observations and neuropsychological testing were supported by electrophysiological results, in terms of the P300 cognitive evoked potential. The effects of treatment at the doses used here were delayed and were seen three months after completion of treatment.     

Elevated activity and microglial expression of myeloperoxidase in demyelinated cerebral cortex in multiple sclerosis

Recent studies have revealed extensive cortical demyelination in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Demyelination in gray matter lesions is associated with activation of microglia. Macrophages and microglia are known to express myeloperoxidase (MPO) and generate reactive oxygen species during myelin phagocytosis in the white matter. In the present study we examined the extent of microglial activation in the cerebral cortex and the relationship of microglial activation and MPO activity to cortical demyelination. Twenty-one cases of neuropathologically confirmed multiple sclerosis, with 34 cortical lesions, were used to assess microglial activation. HLA-DR immunolabeling of activated microglia was significantly higher in demyelinated MS cortex than control cortex and, within the MS cohort, was significantly greater within cortical lesions than in matched non-demyelinated areas of cortex. In homogenates of MS cortex, cortical demyelination was associated with significantly elevated MPO activity. Immunohistochemistry revealed MPO in CD68-positive microglia within cortical plaques, particularly toward the edge of the plaques, but not in microglia in adjacent non-demyelinated cortex. Cortical demyelination in MS is associated with increased activity of MPO, which is expressed by a CD68-positive subset of activated microglia, suggesting that microglial production of reactive oxygen species is likely to be involved in cortical demyelination.