Studies of the antagonistic effect of BQ-123 on cerebral vasospasm induced by intracisternal injection of endothelin-1 and subarachnoid hemorrhage

Cerebralvasospasm(CVS)remainsoneofthemajorcausesofseriousoutcomeinpatientswithsubarachnoidhemorrhage(SAH);however,themechanismofwhichisstillnotwellunderstood.Sofaralargenumberofputativespasmogenshavebeenproposedandoneofwhichisendothelins(ETs).ETs,akindofverypotentendogenousvasoconstrictorsubstancesknown[1],hasthreeiso-forms:ET-1,2and3,andET-1isthemostpo-tentvasoconstrictorofthem.lnrecentstudies,ET-lhasbeenproposedasamediatorofCVSfol-lowingSAH[2-4j.TheavailabilityofETantagonistprovided…     

急性脑梗塞患者血清肿瘤坏死因子水平变化的观察

采用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法对３０例正常对照和３６例急性脑梗塞患者血清肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）水平进行了检测。结果显示：急性脑梗塞组血清ＴＮＦ水平显著高于正常对照组，血清ＴＮＦ水平变化与脑梗塞容积大小密切相关，恢复期血清ＴＮＦ水平显著降低。结果提示，ＴＮＦ参与了脑梗塞发生后病理变化过程，检测血清ＴＮＦ对判定脑梗塞容积大小有一定的临床意义。     

Striatal cells containing the Ca2+-binding protein calretinin (protein 10) in ischemia-induced neuronal injury

The present study concerns the vulnerability of striatal interneurons immunopositive for the Ca²⁺-binding protein calretinin to ischemic neuronal injury. An immunohistochemical study was carried out on the striata of rats which had undergone transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Two weeks after the ischemia, there was a marked reduction in the number of calretinin-positive neurons in the ipsilateral ischemic lesion, although the striatal interneurons positive for parvalbumin, which are a neuronal population distinct from the calretinin-immunoreactive cells in the striatum, were spared in the insulted areas. The present data indicate that the striatal calretinin-positive neurons are less resistant to transient ischemia, suggesting that there may exist vulnerability differences among the striatal interneurons in ischemia-induced neuronal injury.     

Stereotactic craniotomy and intraoperative lesion localisation using the Brown-Robert-Wells frame

Summary A simple technique of stereotactic craniotomy and intraoperative lesion localisation that uses the Brown-Robert-Wells (BRW) stereotactic frame is presented. The method optimises craniotomy placement and facilitates localisation of small intracerebral lesions. Using the system, 16 patients have had resection of intracranial neoplasms from deep and/or eloquent areas of the brain with no neurological morbidity.     

深低温停循环逆行脑灌注脑组织自由基变化的实验研究

研究深低温停循环（ＤＨＣＡ）与逆行脑灌注（ＲＣＰ）时脑组织自由基的变化。健康杂种犬１４只，随机等分为ＤＨＣＡ组和ＲＣＰ组，在停循环前（Ａ点）、ＤＨＣＡ／ＲＣＰ３０分（Ｂ点）、ＤＨＣＡ／ＲＣＰ６０分（Ｃ点）ＤＨＣＡ／ＲＣＰ９０分（Ｄ眯）和复温再灌注３０分（Ｅ点）取脑皮层ｌｇ，检测丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）水平。结果见两组在Ａ点ＭＤＡ和ＳＯＤ无差别。在Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ点，ＤＨＣＡ组ＭＤＡ     

一氧化氮含量在急性脑梗死不同时期变化的临床意义

目的和方法为探讨急性脑梗死不同时期一氧化氮（NO）含量变化的临床意义，送检42例急性脑梗死患者不同时期的血清，采用Green改良法检测NO和以邻苯三酚自氧化法检测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量，并配有30例正常对照。结果结果表明：脑梗死早期NO、SOD含量显著降低；急性期NO含量增高，并超过正常对照，而SOD含量进一步下降；脑梗死稳定期后，NO含量有所下降，接近正常水平，SOD含量增高，但仍低于正常。结论据上述结果提示，NO在急性脑梗死不同时期具有细胞毒性和组织保护双重作用，为临床寻求一种急性脑梗死的可能有效治疗方法提供了理论依据。     

Oral sensorimotor therapy: Assessment,efficacy and future directions

This review addresses the current state of knowledge in oral sensorimotor therapy for children with neurological impairments and ingestive problems. Comprehensive assessment of the child with dysphagia looks at the interaction of oral performance and growth. These domains include eating efficiency, oral-motor skills, oral sensory evaluation, classification of the severity of an eating problem, interaction of respiration and ingestion, aspiration, positioning for feeding, social skills assessment, careload and assessment technologies. Oral sensorimotor therapy improves eating but not drinking skills in children 3–12 years of age. Weight gain is sufficient so that children maintain their growth channel but they do not show catchup growth. Many factors thought to contribute to better ingestive performance need further study, such as jaw and lip control in association with drinking. The earliest possible identification of infants at risk for eating impairments needs to be rigorously pursued. Such an approach offers hope that the later growth deterioration now seen in children with eating impairments may be prevented. Finally, the effect of positioning and the use of eating equipment to promote self-feeding need further study.     

急性心肌梗塞患者红细胞磷脂水平测定

本文测定了第１－７天急性心梗塞患者红细胞磷脂主要组分含量。结果表明，急性心肌梗塞患者红细胞膜的神经鞘磷含量较正常人明显增高；磷酯酰胆硷，磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰乙醇胺含量却较正常人明显降低。这说明急性心肌梗塞患者存在红细胞磷脂代谢紊乱，这时心肌缺血的重可能产生不良影响。     

Role of Papillary Muscle Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Mitral Regurgitation in Myocardial Infarction:

To elucidate the pathogenesis of mitral regurgitation (MR) after myocardial infarction (MI), the incidence of papillary muscle dysfunction (PMD), mitral annular size, and the extent of wall-motion abnormalities were examined in 81 patients with previous MI by two-dimensional echocardiography and real-time two-dimensional Doppler flow imaging. The prevalence of pathological MR was lower in patients with anterior MI (36%) than in those with inferior (65%) or anterior and inferior MI (88%) (P < 0.01 vs anterior MI group). The incidence of PMD in patients with MR in the anterior MI group (15%) was lower than that in the inferior (50%, P < 0.01) or anterior and inferior MI group (43%, P < 0.05). The mitral annular dimension in patients with MR was significantly greater than in those without MR, but it was similar among the three groups. The extent of wall-motion abnormality correlated significantly with the area of MR jet in the anterior MI group (y = 3.1x + 15.5, r = 0.52, P < 0.01) and in the inferior MI group (y = 8.3x + 32.7, r = 0.57, P < 0.01). However, the slope of this relationship was significantly steeper in the inferior MI group than in the anterior MI group (P < 0.05). These results indicated that the degree of MR with inferior MI was greater than with anterior MI for a given MI area. PMD may play an important role in the higher prevalence and greater degree of MR in inferior MI.