3种银杏叶制剂治疗冠心病心绞痛的成本—效果分析

目的:比较3种银杏叶制剂治疗冠心病心绞痛的成本-效果。方法:将103例符合诊断标准的冠心病心绞痛患者按照不同的用药方案分成A组(34例)、B组(35例)、C组(34例)。A、C组分别给予生产厂商及规格不同(2mL vs.5mL)的舒血宁注射液20mL、B组给予银杏达莫注射液20mL,3组均静脉滴注,qd,治疗14d后观察疗效,并进行成本-效果分析。结果:3组心绞痛改善总有效率分别为70.59%、91.43%、73.53%。成本分别为5207.86元、3575.46元、5065.06元,成本-效果比分别为7377.62、3910.60、6888.43。结论:与A、C组比较,B组治疗方案成本-效果比更优。     

中医个体化诊疗疗效评价现状、方法与思路

中医个体化诊疗的信息载体是各种载体的病历记录。本研究简单回顾了中医药个体化诊疗临床疗效评价的现状,包括临床疗效评价指标体系的建立和患者报告的临床结局;引入了时间维度的动态评价;医院信息系统的发展和真实世界研究的开展。并且提出新的思路和方法：建立针对病案数据的中医药个体化诊疗疗效评价方法,单独计算和评价每一次或多次诊疗的疗效。     

灯盏细辛注射液疑似类过敏反应病例相关影响因素分析——巢式病例对照研究

灯盏细辛注射液临床不良反应主要为过敏反应,该研究基于全国20家三甲医院信息系统(hospital information system,HIS)数据库,采用巢式病例对照设计,将使用灯盏细辛注射液后使用地塞米松注射液的患者判断为 发生可疑类过敏反应者,与可能未发生过敏反应人群进行对比,应用单因素及多因素Logistic回归的方法,探讨入院病情、过敏史、单次用药剂量、疾病及合并用药与可疑类过敏反应发生的相关性。通过分析发现,入院病情对可疑类过敏反应有极显著影响,P为0.008 3, OR为5.642,在使用灯盏细辛注射液同时使用维生素B₆注射液、注射用氨溴索时也可能发生可疑类过敏反应,P分别为0.000 2,0.016 7,OR分别为9.545,3.194。基于现有HIS数据及研究方法发现,患者入院病情、使用维生素B₆注射液或注射用氨溴索可能为使用灯盏细辛注射液发生类过敏反应的危险因素,但仍需进一步研究加以验证。该研究结果可以为灯盏细辛注射液临床安全使用提供一定指导,也可为灯盏细辛注射液上市后临床安全性评价研究提供新方法。     

Aggressive prolactinomas responsive to temozolomide treatment: Report of two cases

Refractory aggressive prolactinomas are detected after the unresponsiveness to conventional therapies. We report two cases that underwent temozolomide treatment and have been in near‐complete remission ever since. We suggest the pathology techniques for earlier detection and, subsequently, treatment with temozolomide to reduce morbidities and better respond to therapy.     

Report of two cases of myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcomas with preceding hematolymphoid neoplasms: Is there any association?

Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) is an uncommon soft tissue sarcoma. We present two cases of MIFS: A known case of Hodgkin‘s lymphoma presented with hand mass; a recurrence of MIFS with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.     

A sewing needle in the liver in children: A case report and literature review

Rationale:In clinical practice, foreign bodies (FBs) in the digestive tract are more common in children, but intrahepatic FBs are rare, especially those that can cause infection, bleeding, bile leakage, and other complications. However, there is no consensus on its diagnosis and treatment due to the lack of large-scale cohort studies.Patient concerns:Case 1 is a 4-years 8-months-old girl, who at the age of 10 months, showed an X-ray finding of a striped FB in her liver, with no symptoms. However, the patient’s parents refused surgery. After nearly 4 years of active surveillance, the patient visited our hospital for surgery. Case 2, a 2-year-old male, reported a sewing needle that completely pierced into the right upper abdomen due to an accidental fall that took place half-a-day before admission. He only had right upper abdominal pain. CT showed a striped FB in the liver.Diagnosis:FB in the liver (sewing needle).Interventions:Both the patients were injected with human tetanus immunoglobulin and underwent surgical removal.Outcomes:Both patients recovered smoothly and had no complications during follow-up.Lessons:Active surveillance might be considered for cases with no symptoms or complications and no displacement of the FB, but surgery should be the first choice. If the patient’s condition is complicated, it is recommended to use ultrasound or X-ray to help decision-making during the operation. Additionally, tetanus, child safety, and family education are important supportive measures.     

Plasma exchange treats severe intrahepatic cholestasis caused by dacomitinib: A case report

Rationale:Dacomitinib-induced liver injury is often manifested by mild elevations of transaminases and bilirubin, and severe intrahepatic cholestasis caused by dacomitinib for simultaneous taking orally cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) competitive substrates has been rarely reported.Patient concerns:The patient was a 69-year-old woman with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who was prescribed oral dacomitinib for a month; she was given oral loratadine due to “allergic rhinitis” and metoprolol extended action tablets due to “tachycardia” separately for a few days during the course of dacomitinib treatment. The patient developed liver damage, increased fatigue, yellow urine, and pruritus, with significantly elevated serum levels of bilirubin and glutamyltranspetidase.Diagnosis:Intrahepatic cholestasis, drug-induced liver injury, and NSCLC.Interventions:After admission, the patient was prescribed adenosylmethionine, acetylcysteine, ursodeoxycholic acid capsule, methylprednisolone and fenofibrate for a month, with progressive elevation of liver biochemical parameters. Through drug enzyme gene assays in the liver tissue after percutaneous liver biopsy, we found both CYP2D6*10/*10 and ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 GG variants (rs1045642) positive. After the poor response to the conventional medication, the patient underwent plasma exchange.Outcomes:The patient was discharged after her liver parameters improved; the parameters remained normal at several follow-up visits, and she renewed the NSCLC regimens without dacomitinib after being evaluated by oncologists.Lessons:Dacomitinib can induce severe intrahepatic cholestasis. It is considered that patients with intermediate metabolic CYP2D6 are susceptible to drug-induced liver injury caused by dacomitinib; plasma exchange may be an effective treatment.     

Acute abdomen caused by torsion of the omentum: A pediatric case report

Rationale:Torsion of the omentum and infarction are rare and unusual disorders that often present as acute abdominal pain in the population. The diagnosis of omental torsion is based on clinical and imaging examinations.Patient concerns:A 7-year-old girl presented with acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain, with symptoms resembling acute appendicitis.Diagnosis:The patient was diagnosed with omental torsion based on imaging and laparoscopy.Interventions:Laparoscopic exploration was performed.Outcomes:The patient was discharged seven days after satisfactory postoperative recovery.Lessons:Omental torsion should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain, particularly in patients with free hemorrhagic fluid in the abdominal cavity and pelvis.