脑脊液降钙素原及乳酸测定在早期诊断颅脑术后颅内感染的意义

目的研究降钙素原(PCT)及乳酸水平在早期诊断颅脑术后颅内感染的意义。方法颅脑术后颅内感染患者(n=20)和非颅内感染患者(n=20)的脑脊液和血液样本,检测脑脊液和血清PCT,脑脊液和血液乳酸水平等指标并进行统计分析。结果感染组脑脊液和血清PCT、乳酸水平较非感染组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑脊液PCT和乳酸水平诊断敏感性及特异性均较血清PCT和乳酸水平高。结论脑脊液PCT、乳酸在颅脑手术术后颅内感染的诊断中均有意义,其中脑脊液PCT较乳酸敏感性更高,临床应用价值更大。     

The T2Bacteria Assay Is a Sensitive and Rapid Detector of Bacteremia That Can Be Initiated in the Emergency Department and Has Potential to Favorably Influence Subsequent Therapy

BackgroundBacteremia causes a major worldwide burden, in terms of financial and productivity costs, as well the morbidity and mortality it can ultimately cause. Proper treatment of bacteremia is a challenge because of the species-dependent response to antibiotics. The T2Bacteria Panel is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration–cleared and culture-independent assay for detection of bacteremia, including common ESKAPE pathogens—Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa—and provides species identification in as little as 3.6 h directly from blood.ObjectiveOur aim was to evaluate the T2Bacteria assay performance and potential to affect patient care in the emergency department (ED).MethodsED patients from a Louisiana and Florida center were enrolled as part of the T2Bacteria Panel clinical study, which was prospective and noninterventional. Blood samples for blood culture (BC) and T2Bacteria were matched in time and anatomic location.ResultsData from 137 ED patients were evaluated. Relative to BC, T2Bacteria showed 100% positive percent agreement and 98.4% negative percent agreement. In addition, for species on the T2Bacteria Panel, the T2Bacteria assay detected 25% more positives associated with infection, and on average identified the infectious species 56.6 h faster. The T2Bacteria assay covered 70.5% of all species detected by BC. Finally, relative to actual care, the T2Bacteria assay could have potentially focused therapy in 8 patients, reduced time to a species-directed therapy in 4 patients, and reduced time to effective therapy in 4 patients.ConclusionsIn this ED population, the T2Bacteria assay was a rapid and sensitive detector of bacteremia from common ESKAPE pathogens and showed the theoretical potential to influence subsequent patient therapy, ranging from antibiotic de-escalation to faster time to effective therapy.     

胎膜早破孕妇生殖道感染情况及对妊娠结局影响

目的 研究胎膜早破孕妇生殖道感染情况及对妊娠结局的影响。方法 选择2014年5月至2015年1月住院分娩的胎膜早破孕妇70例为早破组,同期无胎膜早破70例为对照组,检测两组生殖道病原微生物感染情况,并比较两组的妊娠结局。结果 早破组生殖道感染阳性率高于对照组,且剖宫产率,母体发生产后出血,绒毛膜羊膜炎,胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息发生率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 生殖道感染是胎膜早破最常见的诱因,积极筛查及治疗孕妇生殖道感染可以减少相关产科并发症的发生。     

逐瘀止血汤加减治疗慢性子宫内膜炎气虚血瘀证的疗效观察

目的 评价逐瘀止血汤加减对慢性子宫内膜炎（CE）气虚血瘀证患者妊娠结局的影响及对免疫炎症因子的调节作用。方法 将144例患者随机按数字表法分为观察组和对照组各72例。观察组脱落、失访4例，剔除2例，完成66例；对照组脱落、失访3例，剔除5例，完成65例。两组均给予抗感染治疗14 d。对照组口服妇科千金片，6片/次，3次/d。观察组内服逐瘀止血汤加减，1剂/d。两组疗程均为3个月，并随访6个月。记录治疗前后月经经量、经期和周期变化情况；进行治疗前后宫腔镜和阴道彩色多普勒超声检查，评价子宫内膜形态、子宫内膜容受性（CP）［子宫内膜厚度、阻力指数（RI），搏动指数（PI）和血流指数（FI）］等，并进行子宫内膜病理检查；进行治疗前后气虚血瘀证评分；检测治疗前后月经血白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β），IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平和外周血测T淋巴亚群（CD3⁺，CD4⁺，CD8⁺）水平；随访记录妊娠情况和流产情况。进行安全性评价。结果 治疗后观察组经量、经期、周期和月经完全正常率均高于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组子宫内膜厚度和FI均高于对照组（P<0.01），RI和PI均低于对照组（P<0.01）；观察组月经血IL-1β，IL-6和TNF-α水平均低于对照组（P<0.01）；观察组CD3⁺，CD4⁺水平和CD4⁺/ CD8⁺均高于对照组（P<0.01），CD8⁺水平低于对照组（P<0.01）；在6个月随访期间，观察组妊娠率46.97%（31/66），高于对照组的27.69%（18/65）（χ²=5.197，P<0.05）；观察组子宫内膜形态疗效总有效率为96.97%（64/66），高于对照组的86.15%（56/65）（χ²=4.981，P<0.05）；观察组子宫内膜病理组织疗效总有效率为95.45%（63/66），高于对照组的84.62%（55/65）（χ²=4.304，P<0.05）；观察组综合临床疗效总有效率为93.94%（62/66），高于对照组的81.54%（55/65）（χ²=4.696，P<0.05）；两组治疗期间均未发现与中药相关不良反应。结论 逐瘀止血汤加减治疗CE气虚血瘀证患者，可调经月经、减轻临床症状，改善宫腔镜下内膜形态，调节全身和局部的免疫炎症反应，提高了CP，从而改善了妊娠结局，有着较好的综合疗效，且安全。     

The Importance of Venous Return in Starling‐Like Control of Rotary Ventricular Assist Devices

Rotary ventricular assist devices (VADs) are less sensitive to preload than the healthy heart, resulting in inadequate flow regulation in response to changes in patient cardiac demand. Starling‐like physiological controllers (SLCs) have been developed to automatically regulate VAD flow based on ventricular preload. An SLC consists of a cardiac response curve (CRC) which imposes a nonlinear relationship between VAD flow and ventricular preload, and a venous return line (VRL) which determines the return path of the controller. This study investigates the importance of a physiological VRL in SLC of dual rotary blood pumps for biventricular support. Two experiments were conducted on a physical mock circulation loop (MCL); the first compared an SLC with an angled physiological VRL (SLC‐P) against an SLC with a vertical VRL (SLC‐V). The second experiment quantified the benefit of a dynamic VRL, represented by a series of specific VRLs, which could adapt to different circulatory states including changes in pulmonary (PVR) and systemic (SVR) vascular resistance versus a fixed physiological VRL which was calculated at rest. In both sets of experiments, the transient controller responses were evaluated through reductions in preload caused by the removal of fluid from the MCL. The SLC‐P produced no overshoot or oscillations following step changes in preload, whereas SLC‐V produced 0.4 L/min (12.5%) overshoot for both left and right VADs. Additionally, the SLC‐V had increased settling time and reduced controller stability as evidenced by transient controller oscillations. The transient results comparing the specific and standard VRLs demonstrated that specific VRL rise times were improved by between 1.2 and 4.7 s ( = 3.05 s), while specific VRL settling times were improved by between 2.8 and 16.1 seconds ( = 8.38 s) over the standard VRL. This suggests only a minor improvement in controller response time from a dynamic VRL compared to the fixed VRL. These results indicate that the use of a fixed physiologically representative VRL is adequate over a wide variety of physiological conditions.     

高通量血液透析和低通量血液透析不同模式对老年维持性血液透析患者血压的影响

目的 观察高通量血液透析(HFHD)与低通量血液透析(LFHD)的不同模式运用到老年患者维持性血液透析(MHD)中对其血压的影响。方法 选择2015年2月—2017年10月本院治疗的MHD老年患者74例,先为其施LFHD 3个月,再为其辅以3个月的HFHD,3次/周,4 h/次,对比不同透析模式对患者血压的影响。结果 实施HFHD后患者的平均动脉压(MAP)有所降低,在第3 h与第4 h透析后,血压把控优于LFHD(P<0.05)。结论 对于MHD老年患者来说,实施HFHD是优良的透析方法。     

全国著名骨伤专家梁铁民教授学术思想和正骨经验

总结了全国著名骨伤专家梁铁民教授的学术思想和正骨经验,简述了梁老生平。梁老学术思想表现在突出整体观念,主张辨证施术;注重调理气血,强调药物接续;重视望问切触量法五诊结合等三个方面。对于梁老正骨经验先进行了综合论述,进一步佐证其学术思想;后分别从小儿桡骨头半脱位、颈椎错位、胸腰椎小关节错位、肋骨骨折等梁老研究较深入和比较擅长的几个方面进行了阐述。特别是颈椎错位这种高难度高风险的手法操作,体现出梁老高超的手法技艺。     

Haemodynamic profiles of etomidate vs propofol for induction of anaesthesia: a randomised controlled trial in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Background

Etomidate is frequently selected over propofol for induction of anaesthesia because of a putatively favourable haemodynamic profile, but data confirming this perception are limited.