Breast cancer detection by dedicated breast positron emission tomography according to the World Health Organization classification of breast tumors

ObjectiveConsidering the difficulty in detecting primary breast cancers using whole-body positron emission tomography (WBPET) owing to its limited spatial resolution, we aimed to evaluate the detectability of breast cancer by ring-type dedicated breast PET (DbPET) on the World Health Organization (WHO) histological classification in comparison with WBPET.MethodsA total of 938 patients with breast cancer underwent WBPET and ring-type DbPET, and 1021 lesions were histologically assessed based on the WHO classification of tumors of the breast. The findings of WBPET and DbPET were retrospectively evaluated and compared.ResultsThe size-related sensitivity of DbPET was superior to that of WBPET for subcentimetric tumors (81.9% vs. 52.4%, P < 0.001). The histological distribution was as follows: 11 lobular carcinoma in situ, 158 ductal carcinoma in situ, 738 infiltrating duct carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), 12 lobular carcinoma NOS, 40 mucinous adenocarcinoma, 13 tubular carcinoma, 36 invasive breast carcinoma others, and 13 papillary neoplasms. WBPET had low sensitivity for lobular carcinoma in situ, ductal carcinoma in situ, lobular carcinoma NOS, mucinous adenocarcinoma, and tubular carcinoma. DbPET showed improved sensitivity for all the above except lobular and tubular carcinoma. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of DbPET were significantly higher than those of WBPET for histological types, excluding lobular carcinoma in situ. The SUVmax of papillary neoplasms was high regardless of low-grade histology and Ki-67 labeling index.ConclusionsDBPET was found to have high sensitivity and SUVmax values for all histologic types that showed low sensitivity of detection on WBPET, except lobular carcinoma in situ.     

铋剂四联10天疗法联合酪酸梭菌、聚普瑞锌治疗幽门螺杆菌感染的疗效分析

目的 评价铋剂四联10 d疗法联合酪酸梭菌、聚普瑞锌治疗幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染的疗效及安全性。方法 选取2018年7月—2021年6月于湘雅常德医院就诊使用铋剂四联10 d疗法联合酪酸梭菌、聚普瑞锌治疗Hp感染的209例患者作为研究对象。患者采用艾司奥美拉唑镁肠溶片（20 mg）+阿莫西林胶囊（1 g）+克拉霉素（0.5 mg）+胶体酒石酸铋胶囊（220 mg）均2次/d,酪酸梭菌活菌片（350 mg）3次/d,疗程10 d。后续追加艾司奥美拉唑肠溶片（20 mg,1次/d）+酪酸梭菌活菌片（350 mg,3次/d）+聚普瑞锌颗粒（75 mg,2次/d）,疗程14 d。结果 符合方案集分析（PP）和意向性分析（ITT）的Hp根除成功率分别为97.4%（189/194）和90.4%（189/209）,9例（4.4%）患者在治疗期间出现不良反应,但程度均较轻微,可自行缓解。结论 铋剂四联10 d疗法联合酪酸梭菌、聚普瑞锌作为Hp感染的治疗方案,根除率高,安全可行,在缩短抗生素疗程的同时不仅增加患者的依从性,也减少细菌产生耐药性。     

复方儿茶胶囊治疗消化性溃疡疗效观察

目的观察复方儿茶胶囊对消化性溃疡的近期和远期疗效。方法经胃镜确诊的消化性溃疡261例,随机分为西米替丁组87例(西米替丁0.2g,每天3次口服,睡前加服0.4g),丽珠得乐组87例(丽珠得乐110mg,每天4次口服),复方儿茶胶囊组87例(复方儿茶胶囊0.515g,每天3次口服)。治疗前、治疗8周后及1年后距幽门5cm以内取胃组织,用快速尿素酶法测定幽门螺杆菌(HP)。结果西米替丁组、丽珠得乐组、复方儿茶胶囊组总有效率分别为86.2％,88.5％．97.7％,复方儿茶胶囊组与前两组相比P＜0.05。溃疡愈合率分别为70.1％．75.9％,90.8％．复方儿茶胶囊组与前两组相比P＜0.05。HP根除率分别为1.9％,57.4％,76.8％,复方儿茶胶囊组与丽珠得乐组相比P＜0.05,与西米替丁组相比P＜0.01。结论复方儿茶胶囊组溃疡近期疗效及HP根除率均高于西米替丁组和丽珠得乐组,复发率均低于西米替丁组和丽珠得乐组。     

COMPARATIVE ABSORPTION OF BISMUTH IN SPRAGUE–DAWLEY RATS FOLLOWING ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF PREPARATIONS CONTAINING BISMUTH SUCROSE OCTASULFATE,BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE,AND BISMUTH SUBCITRATE

The absorption of bismuth from De-Nol (bismuth subcitrate, DN), Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate, PB) and bismuth sucrose octasulfate (BISOS) was examined in male Sprague–Dawley rats after a single oral dose of each compound (60 mg bismuth). Bismuth was analysed in blood, urine, kidney, brain, liver, and lung using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Bismuth C_max averaged 18·4±11·6 ng mL⁻¹ for BISOS, 292±130 ng mL⁻¹ for DN, and 21·5±9·63 ng mL⁻¹ for PB. C_max was significantly lower for BISOS compared to DN (p <0·05) but not significantly different for BISOS compared to PB (p >0·05). Bismuth AUC was 1356±474 ng h⁻¹ mL⁻¹ for BISOS, 2129−452 ng h⁻¹ mL⁻¹ for DN, and 1824−919 ng h⁻¹ mL⁻¹ for PB, which indicated a lower extent of absorption from BISOS compared to DN. Kidney, liver, and lung levels of bismuth were also significantly lower for BISOS compared to DN (p <0·05). Bismuth urinary excretion was significantly lower for BISOS (0·04±0·02%) compared to DN (0·27±0·15%) but not significantly different compared to PB (0·07±·03%). These data suggest that the absorption of bismuth following oral administration of bismuth sucrose octasulfate is significantly lower than that from De-Nol and similar to that from Pepto-Bismol. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Two-Step Synthesis of Bismuth-Based Hybrid Halide Perovskite Thin-Films

Lead halide perovskites have been revolutionary in the last decade in many optoelectronic sectors. Their bismuth-based counterparts have been considered a good alternative thanks to their composition of earth-abundant elements, good chemical stability, and low toxicity. Moreover, their electronic structure is in a quasi-zero-dimensional (0D) configuration, and they have recently been explored for use beyond optoelectronics. A significant limitation in applying thin-film technology is represented by the difficulty of synthesizing compact layers with easily scalable methods. Here, the engineering of a two-step synthesis in an air of methylammonium bismuth iodide compact thin films is reported. The critical steps of the process have been highlighted so that the procedure can be adapted to different substrates and application areas.     

Does bismuth subgallate have haemostatic effects in tonsillectomy?

Previous studies have shown that bismuth subgallate added to gauze swabs in tonsillectomy reduces the time to achieve haemostasis and probably reduces the risk of postoperative haemorrhage. All these studies have used bismuth subgallate in combination with adrenaline. In this randomised clinical study we investigated the effect of bismuth subgallate alone. A total of 204 patients were randomised into two groups. One hundred and six patients had swabs with bismuth subgallate. In the control group (n = 98), plain swabs were used. Operating time, time to achieve haemostasis, peroperative blood loss, and incidence of postoperative haemorrhages were recorded. There were no significant differences between the two groups. We conclude that the evidence for using bismuth subgallate as a haemostatic agent in tonsillectomy is weak. The effect observed in previous studies can probably be ascribed to the effect of adrenaline.     

雷尼替丁枸橼酸铋联用克拉霉素治疗十二指肠溃疡的临床疗效

目的 观察雷尼替丁枸橼酸铋联用克拉霉素治疗治疗十二指肠溃疡的疗效.方法 选择128例活动性十二指肠溃疡患者,随机分治疗组64例与对照组64例进行比较.结果 治疗4周后治疗组总有效率为92.76%,优于对照组80.3%,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论 雷尼替丁枸橼酸铋联用克拉霉素治疗十二指肠溃疡的疗效好,副作用小.     

Bismuth Sodium Titanate Based Materials for Piezoelectric Actuators

The ban of lead in many electronic products and the expectation that, sooner or later, this ban will include the currently exempt piezoelectric ceramics based on Lead-Zirconate-Titanate has motivated many research groups to look for lead-free substitutes. After a short overview on different classes of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with large strain, this review will focus on Bismuth-Sodium-Titanate and its solid solutions. These compounds exhibit extraordinarily high strain, due to a field induced phase transition, which makes them attractive for actuator applications. The structural features of these materials and the origin of the field-induced strain will be revised. Technologies for texturing, which increases the useable strain, will be introduced. Finally, the features that are relevant for the application of these materials in a multilayer design will be summarized.     

In vivo comparison of tantalum,tungsten, and bismuth enteric contrast agents to complement intravenous iodine for double‐contrast dual‐energy CT of the bowel

To assess the ability of dual‐energy CT (DECT) to separate intravenous contrast of bowel wall from intraluminal contrast, we scanned 16 rabbits on a clinical DECT scanner: n = 3 using only iodinated intravenous contrast, and n = 13 double‐contrast enhanced scans using iodinated intravenous contrast and experimental enteric non‐iodinated contrast agents in the bowel lumen (five bismuth, four tungsten, and four tantalum based). Representative image pairs from conventional CT images and DECT iodine density maps of small bowel (116 pairs from 232 images) were viewed by four abdominal imaging attending radiologists to independently score each comparison pair on a visual analog scale (?100 to +100%) for (1) preference in small bowel wall visualization and (2) preference in completeness of intraluminal enteric contrast subtraction. Median small bowel wall visualization was scored 39 and 42 percentage points (95% CI 30–44% and 36–45%, both p < 0.001) higher for double‐contrast DECT than for conventional CT with enteric tungsten and tantalum contrast, respectively. Median small bowel wall visualization for double‐contrast DECT was scored 29 and 35 percentage points (95% CI 20–35% and 33–39%, both p < 0.001) higher with enteric tungsten and tantalum, respectively, than with bismuth contrast. Median completeness of intraluminal enteric contrast subtraction in double‐contrast DECT iodine density maps was scored 28 and 29 percentage points (95% CI 15–31% and 28–33%, both p < 0.001) higher with enteric tungsten and tantalum, respectively, than with bismuth contrast. Results suggest that in vivo double‐contrast DECT with iodinated intravenous and either tantalum‐ or tungsten‐based enteric contrast provides better visualization of small bowel than conventional CT. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Lanthanum and Manganese Co-Doping Effects on Structural,Morphological, and Magnetic Properties of Sol-Gel Derived BiFeO3

In this work, lanthanum and manganese co-substitution effects on different properties of bismuth ferrite solid solutions Bi_1-xLa_xFe_0.85Mn_0.15O₃ (x from 0 to 1) prepared by a sol-gel synthetic approach have been investigated. It was observed that the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of obtained specimens are influenced by the amount of introduced La³⁺ ions. Surprisingly, only the compound with a composition of BiFe_0.85Mn_0.15O₃ was not monophasic, and the presence of neighboring phases was determined from X-ray diffraction analysis and Mössbauer measurements. Structural transitions from orthorhombic to cubic and back to orthorhombic were also observed depending on the La³⁺ amount. Antiferromagnetic behaviour was observed for all of the samples, with the highest magnetisation values for Bi_0.5La_0.5Fe_0.85Mn_0.15O₃. Additionally, structural attributes and morphological features were evaluated by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively.