The role of infection and vaccination in the genesis of optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis in children

This article describes the association between previous infection and/or vaccination and the development of optic neuritis (ON) in 18 children. Ten of these children subsequently developed clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS), while in 8 patients a clinically definite etiology could not be confirmed. Vaccination preceded the first ON attack in 6 patients, all but one of whom subsequently developed MS. It also preceded subsequent demyelinating events in 6 patients. Ten of the patients had a bacterial or viral infection within the 2 weeks prior to the first symptoms of ON. Intrathecal antibody synthesis against 2 or more viruses could be shown in 5 out of 8 patients studied; 5 out of 6 patients had oligoclonal antibodies in CSF and 12 out of 16 patients a high IgG index. Neither intrathecal antibody synthesis against 2 or more viruses nor elevated IgG indexes could be found in the control patients. Measles and mumps occurred at a significantly later age in the children who subsequently developed MS than in the control children, and these patients had significantly more events that might have impaired the blood-brain barrier than the controls. These results indicate that immunological events leading to MS may be triggered during childhood. Vaccination and infection often precede ON in childhood. Intrathecal viral antibody production can occur already in childhood at the time of the first symptoms of MS.     

大黄乙醇提取物的体外抗新城疫病毒作用

目的：研究大黄乙醇提取物的抗新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）作用。方法：采用体外细胞培养的方法研究大黄乙醇提取物对ＮＤＶ感染的拮抗作用。结果：２０ｇ／Ｌ剂量大黄乙醇提取物对ＢＨＫ２１细胞未有任何毒性作用；０．５ｇ／Ｌ大黄对ＮＤＶ所致ＣＰＥ有明显的抑制作用；大黄可预防ＮＤＶ感染，并对ＮＤＶ的复制动力学有明显影响。结论：大黄乙醇提取物具有明显的抗ＮＤＶ作用。     

人离体骨肉瘤组织血管噬菌体肽库筛选模型的建立及其意义

目的建立人离体骨肉瘤血管亲和筛选模型。方法(1)建立模型。术前对患肢局部行数字减影造影检查,标记肿瘤固有动脉大致走行,术后小心修剪,并连接类似于Langendorff的灌流装置,监控模型血管内的pH值、温度、氧分压等;(2)对噬菌体十二肽库进行筛选。结果28例骨肉瘤离体标本均建模成功,可直接用于灌流实验,并筛选出具有较高特异性的亲和短肽(基序为RLTR),各项指标显示离体骨肉瘤较好模拟了人体内的环境。结论建立人离体骨肉瘤血管亲和筛选模型是可行的,可直接用于对噬菌体随机肽库的亲和筛选,为骨肉瘤的靶向化疗提供参考。     

Epidemiology of acute diarrhea in children living in Sicily

A longitudinal survey (February 1984 - January 1985) on the incidence of acute diarrhea episodes in a sample of 8,164 children (aged 0–12 years) living in southeastern Sicily was carried out by means of weekly telephone interviews with doctors practising in the territory. The incidence rate was 0.479 (0.472–0.485 95% C.I.) per child per year and the frequency of episodes was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in children aged 0–4 years (0.86). Diarrhea was more frequent in industrial areas than in rural ones, and almost half (45.1%) of the total episodes had a mild course. No death from diarrhea occurred and admission to hospital was reported for 8.4% of all cases.Corresponding author.     

老年骨髓炎患者的围术期护理

目的探讨老年骨髓炎患者围术期护理的体会及经验。方法对32例老年骨髓炎患者围术期护理经验进行分析和总结。结果全组32例患者通过手术治疗及合理护理措施均得到治愈，无褥疮、肺部及泌尿系感染等并发症发生。结论老年骨髓炎患者体质差，合并症多，护理需认真、细致，并且根据术前、术中、术后按不同病情制订个案护理计划，预防并发症，能有效地提高手术成功率。     

rhGM—CSF对小鼠口腔粘膜损伤的防治作用

目的：观察rhGM-CSF对TMX致实验性小鼠口腔粘膜损伤的疗效。方法：按随机分组原则将501只昆明种小白鼠分成8组，分别在相应时间给予不同药物（MTX，CF或rhGM-CSF）的处理因素，于第1－10天光镜下观察小鼠口腔粘膜的病理改变和积分情况。结果：IDMTX致口腔粘膜损伤病变率（45％－63％）和积分率（19．4％－56％）较其它组高，且死亡率很低（小于5％）；IDMTX＋GM0（或GM2）组的口腔粘膜损伤病变率（30．53％和30．99％）和积分率（19．47％和17．25％）比IDMTX组（55．56％和36．31％）明显减少，且溃疡严重程度较轻，二者相差显著（P＜0．01）。结论：IDMTX致小鼠口腔粘膜损伤模型可以用于粘膜损伤的研究；rhGM-CSF可以减少MTX致小鼠口腔粘膜损伤，并促进粘膜损伤恢复。     

肝豆状核变性的治疗进展

阐述肝豆状核变性（HLD）在药物、饮食、外科和分子生物学方面的治疗进展，介绍了HLD的药物治疗、外科治疗和分子生物学治疗中的新方法或新技术：以DMPS等为主的药物治疗仍是治疗HLD的主体方法，肝移植等是治疗HLD中的暴发性肝功能衰竭的首选方法，基因等治疗为HLD的彻底治疗提供了可能。     

Molecular basis of severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy

Severe myoclonic epilepsy (SMEI) or Dravet syndrome is caused by mutations of the SCN1A gene that encodes voltage-gated sodium channel alpha-1 subunit. Recently, we generated and characterized a knock-in (KI) mice with an SCN1A nonsense mutation that appeared in three independent SMEI patients. The SCN1A-KI mice well reproduced the SMEI disease phenotypes. Both homozygous and heterozygous knock-in mice developed epileptic seizures within the first postnatal month. In heterozygous knock-in mice, trains of evoked action potentials in inhibitory neurons exhibited pronounced spike amplitude decrement late in the burst but not in pyramidal neurons. We further showed that in wild-type mice the Nav1.1 protein is expressed dominantly in axons and moderately in somata of parbalbumin (PV) – positive inhibitory interneurons. Our immunohistochemical observations of the Nav1.1 are clearly distinct to the previous studies, and our findings has corrected the view of the Nav1.1 protein distribution. The data indicate that Nav1.1 plays critical roles in the spike output from PV interneurons and further, that the specifically altered function of these inhibitory circuits may contribute to epileptic seizures in the mice. These information should contribute to the understanding of molecular pathomechanism of SMEI and to develop its effective therapies.     

原位杂交法检测BP1基因在乳腺癌组织中表达

目的探讨BP1同源盒基因在乳腺癌中的表达及其与临床病理指标的关系。方法收集165例乳腺癌临床和病理资料,采用原位杂交法检测BP1的表达,同时用二步法进行ER、p53、PCNA、bcl2、cerbB2免疫组化染色。结果BP1基因表达率为67.88%,免疫组化:ER70.30%、p5349.09%、PCNA74.55%、bcl253.33%、cerbB275.52%。BP1与bcl2具有相关性(P<0.01),且均与ER相关(P<0.05),与p53呈负相关(P<0.05)。BP1与PCNA、cerbB2、患者年龄、组织学类型、淋巴结转移等无相关性。结论BP1可能通过某种非依赖p53基因调控机制,与bcl2、ER协同抑制肿瘤细胞的凋亡而参与乳腺癌的发生。