全文获取类型
收费全文 | 69154篇 |
免费 | 5035篇 |
国内免费 | 2283篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 610篇 |
儿科学 | 1336篇 |
妇产科学 | 2918篇 |
基础医学 | 7883篇 |
口腔科学 | 1341篇 |
临床医学 | 5847篇 |
内科学 | 7240篇 |
皮肤病学 | 913篇 |
神经病学 | 5256篇 |
特种医学 | 1727篇 |
外国民族医学 | 7篇 |
外科学 | 4956篇 |
综合类 | 10107篇 |
现状与发展 | 3篇 |
一般理论 | 8篇 |
预防医学 | 5895篇 |
眼科学 | 1731篇 |
药学 | 9656篇 |
71篇 | |
中国医学 | 6138篇 |
肿瘤学 | 2829篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 195篇 |
2023年 | 992篇 |
2022年 | 1647篇 |
2021年 | 2501篇 |
2020年 | 2248篇 |
2019年 | 2142篇 |
2018年 | 2124篇 |
2017年 | 2078篇 |
2016年 | 2069篇 |
2015年 | 2007篇 |
2014年 | 3779篇 |
2013年 | 4893篇 |
2012年 | 3736篇 |
2011年 | 4250篇 |
2010年 | 3429篇 |
2009年 | 3123篇 |
2008年 | 3079篇 |
2007年 | 3210篇 |
2006年 | 2825篇 |
2005年 | 2564篇 |
2004年 | 2154篇 |
2003年 | 2150篇 |
2002年 | 1675篇 |
2001年 | 1593篇 |
2000年 | 1321篇 |
1999年 | 1259篇 |
1998年 | 1087篇 |
1997年 | 1090篇 |
1996年 | 1025篇 |
1995年 | 973篇 |
1994年 | 858篇 |
1993年 | 709篇 |
1992年 | 657篇 |
1991年 | 596篇 |
1990年 | 625篇 |
1989年 | 524篇 |
1988年 | 404篇 |
1987年 | 360篇 |
1986年 | 412篇 |
1985年 | 564篇 |
1984年 | 528篇 |
1983年 | 333篇 |
1982年 | 419篇 |
1981年 | 351篇 |
1980年 | 359篇 |
1979年 | 267篇 |
1978年 | 221篇 |
1977年 | 214篇 |
1976年 | 202篇 |
1975年 | 143篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
Tracy Brightman Jiang-Hong Ye Elizabeth Ortiz-Jimenez Edward J. Flynn Wen-Hsien Wu Joseph J. McArdle 《Brain research》1995,678(1-2)
While adult mice receiving picrotoxin (PTX) alone responded with clonic and tonic-clonic seizures, this response was greatly suppressed for mice simultaneously injected with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM). For example, 60% and 10% of the mice convulsed when injected (i.p.) with 3.0 mg/kg PTX alone or PTX plus 205 mg/kg of BDM, respectively. In contrast, a non-oxime analogue of BDM, 2,3-butanedione (BTD), did not have this anticonvulsant effect. In order to explore the basis for the anticonvulsant effect of BDM, we recorded GABA-activated currents (IGABA) of frontal cortical as well as ventromedial hypothalamic neurons before, during and after exposure to this oxime. BDM had a biphasic effect on concentrations (100 μM-40 mM) decreased and lower concentrations (0.01 μM–0.001 μM) potentiatedIGABA; these effects of BDM reversed upon washout of the oxime. In contrast, BTD had no effect onIGABA. Finally, when 0.001 μM BDM, 10–30 μM PTX and GABA were co-applied the inhibitory effect of the toxin onIGABA was markedly suppressed. These data suggest that the anticonvulsant effect of oximes involves facilitation of the inhibitory action of GABA. 相似文献
83.
豚鼠耳蜗微血管内皮细胞体外通透性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 研究豚鼠耳蜗微血管内皮细胞的体外通透性特征。方法 在成功建立豚鼠耳蜗微血管内皮细胞体外通透性模型的基础上 ,研究该体外模型跨细胞电阻及对12 5I 牛血清白蛋白的通透性。结果 ①耳蜗微血管内皮细胞在培养增殖过程中其跨细胞电阻呈动态变化过程 ,以 5× 10 4/cm2 的细胞密度接种时 ,7d左右电阻到达峰值 ,其跨细胞电阻峰值大小为 (118 9± 18 5 )Ω/cm2 ;②体外模型中加入12 5I 牛血清白蛋白后 ,其通透性呈上升期抛物线型曲线 ,90min内几乎呈直线。结论 跨细胞电阻及对12 5I 牛血清白蛋白变化曲线能反映体外耳蜗微血管内皮细胞的通透性特征 相似文献
84.
With the advent of genomics, combinatorial paradigms and high-throughput screen (HTS)-based pharmacological testing, the number of compounds flowing through the discovery pipeline is likely to escalate. At the same time, with increased knowledge of the human drug-metabolizing enzymes and the availability of in vitro absorption-metabolism (AM) models, Preclinical Drug Metabolism is poised to meet the challenges of HTS. In order to be successful, however, a rational HTS strategy (vs. serendipitous HTS) has to be employed. Such a strategy is based on automation, validation and integration of in vitroAM models and database management (AVID). A generalized strategy for rational (AVID-based) HTS in Preclinical Drug Metabolism is described briefly. 相似文献
85.
U. Ravens Michael O. Flüß Q. Li Herbert M. Himmel Erich Wettwer Michael Klockow Inge Lues 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1997,355(6):733-742
The thiadiazinone derivative [+]-EMD 60263 ((+)-5-(1-(α-ethylimino-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoline-6-yl)-6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3,4
-thiadiazine-2-on) is a Ca2+-sensitizing agent with only minor phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity. Our aim was to characterize the inotropic and electrophysiological
effects of [+]-EMD 60263 and its enantiomer [-]-EMD 60264 in several cardiac muscle preparations. The Ca2+-sensitizing activity resided in the [+]-enantiomer only. [+]-EMD 60263 (3 μM) shifted the EC50 of Ca2+ for contractile activation of skinned fibers of pig heart from 2.41 μM to 0.73 μM, whereas [-]-EMD 60264 (30 μM) was ineffective.
In Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts, [+]-EMD 60263 and [-]-EMD 60264 induced concentration-dependent positive and negative
inotropic effects, respectively; both enantiomers reduced spontaneous heart rate but did not influence perfusion pressure.
The maximum increase in force of human atrial trabeculae was 35 % of pre-drug control with [+]-EMD 60263 in comparison to
113 % with forskolin. In guinea-pig papillary muscles, [+]-EMD 60263 and [-]-EMD 60264 had opposite inotropic responses, however,
both agents similarly prolonged action potential duration. Both enantiomers concentration-dependently blocked the rapidly
activating component IKr of the delayed rectifier in guinea-pig myocytes. The block saturated at potentials positive to +30 mV, closely resembling
the effects of the antiarrhythmic agent E-4031 which had been originally used to define IKr. It is concluded, that the positive inotropic action of [+]-EMD 60263 can be explained by prevalence of the Ca2+-sensitizing effect. The accompanying prolongation in action potential duration is caused by block of the IKr component of the delayed rectifier. While the inotropic effects are stereoselective, most of the electrophysiological actions
are clearly independent of sterical configuration. The combination of Ca2+-sensitizing with class-III antiarrhythmic action may provide an interesting pharmacological profile of potential therapeutic
use.
Received: 7 January 1997 / Accepted: 25 February 1997 相似文献
86.
1-乙基-6-氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧代-7-(4-芳酰硫代氨甲酰基-1-哌嗪基)-3-喹啉羧酸的合成及抗菌作用 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Thirteen new 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-aroyl-thiocarbamoyl- 1 piperazinyl)-3-quinoline carboxylic acids were prepared, Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, HNMR and MS spectra.Preliminary pharmacological tests indicated that some of compounds Ia~m possess strong inhibiting activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Proteus at concentration of 100 μg/ml. 相似文献
87.
目的 研究透明质酸钠玻璃体腔内充填对严重开放性眼球损伤预后的影响。方法 在严重开放性眼球损伤一期手术缝合后玻璃体腔内充填透明质酸钠至眼压Tn。结果 用透明质酸钠在玻璃体腔内充填,眼球萎缩的发生率(6.67%)明显低于用BSS液充填的发生率(70.58%)。结论 透明质酸钠玻璃体腔内充填在严重开放性眼球损伤治疗中的应用对眼球外形维持和视功能恢复有重要作用。 相似文献
88.
Ofer Binah Irit Rubinstein Arieh Bomzon Ori S. Better 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1987,335(2):160-165
Summary The effects of sodium salts of various bile acids on the contractile force and the electrophysiological properties of rat ventricular muscle were studied in vitro. Primary, conjugated, and secondary bile acids were studied in a concentration range of 10–9–10–6 mol/l, which corresponds to concentrations found in the plasm of patients with cholestatic jaundice. In general, the bile acid induced a negative inotropic effect which was manifested as a reduction in active tension, maximum rate of tension activation, and maximum rate of tension relaxation. Twitch duration and time to peak tension were unaffected by the bile acids. The negative inotropism was associated with a reduction in ventricular action potential duration. Resting potential, action potential amplitude, and maximum upstroke velocity of phase 0 depolarization were unaffected. Voltage clamp experiments in rat ventricular myocytes demonstrated that sodium taurocholate decreased the slow inward current and slightly increased the outward potassium current. Hence, these effects on the membrane currents are probably responsible for the negative inotropic effect.
Send offprint requests to O. Binah at the above address 相似文献
89.
Changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA expression after corticospinal axotomy in the adult hamster 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We examined changes in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA during Wallerian degeneration in the corticospinal system of the adult Golden hamster following axotomy. GFAP is the product of a type III intermediate filament (IF) gene that is expressed specifically in mature astrocytes. A well-studied component of a complex response termed reactive astrogliosis that occurs after various types of CNS injury is the increased production of astrocytic processes filled with GFAP-containing IFs. While increased expression of GFAP during reactive astrogliosis has been well established at the protein level, little is known about whether or not changes in GFAP mRNA levels occur after CNS injury. In the present study we used in situ hybridization methods to examine this issue. A 35S-labeled mouse GFAP cDNA probe was used for in situ hybridizations of sections of the brain stem obtained 2, 7, and 14 days after unilateral transections of the corticospinal tract in the caudal medulla. Film as well as emulsion autoradiography showed a dramatic increase in GFAP mRNA labeling associated with the degenerating corticospinal tract. GFAP mRNA levels were already dramatically increased in the injured corticospinal tract by 2 days post axotomy and remained elevated at 14 days. Interestingly, in addition to the robust increase in GFAP mRNA levels specifically associated with the degenerating tract, a diffuse increase in GFAP mRNA labeling was observed throughout the grey matter of the brain stem at 2 days post-axotomy, but not after this time. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemical experiments verified that the increased GFAP mRNA levels in the degenerating corticospinal system were accompanied by an increased expression of the protein. These results demonstrate that an increase in GFAP mRNA levels occurs during Wallerian degeneration in the CNS and suggest that increased expression of the GFAP gene is a major contributor to CNS scarring that results after direct traumatic injury. 相似文献
90.
Galanin-like immunoreactivity has been visualized in nerve fibers in the islets of Langerhans, suggesting an involvement of
galanin in the neural regulation of islet function. In this study, we investigated the effects of galanin on basal and stimulated
insulin and glucagon secretion by infusing the peptide at three different dose rates in rats. We also studied the direct effect
of galanin on insulin secretion from freshly isolated rat islets. At 320 pmol/kg/min, but not at 20 or 80 pmol/kg/min, galanin
lowered basal plasma insulin levels. In contrast, basal plasma glucagon levels were lowered by galanin already at 20 and 80
pmol/kg/min. Furthermore, galanin inhibited both glucose- and arginine-induced insulin release at all three dose levels, whereas
arginine-induced glucagon release was not affected by galanin. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated rat islets
was dose-dependently suppressed by galanin (10-6-10-8M). Therefore, it is concluded that galanin in rats inhibits insulin secretion, both in vivo and in vitro, and that at lower
dose levels, the peptide also inhibits basal glucagon release. 相似文献