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71.
The anucleate (distal) segment of a crayfish medial giant axon (MGA) remains intact for months in vivo after severing the axon from its cell body, a phenomenon referred to as long-term survival (LTS). We collected axoplasm from chronic anucleate MGAs by perfusing 2-cm lengths of axons with an intracellular saline. This axoperfusate was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and silver stained. Axoperfusate proteins from intact MGAs and from chronic anucleate MGAs exhibiting LTS for up to 6 months were the same. Furthermore, immunoreactive levels of actin and β-tubulin were similar in axoperfusates from intact and chronic anucleate MGAs. This maintenance of proteins in chronic anucleate MGAs must be due to a lack of protein degradation and/or to local protein synthesis by a source other than the cell body. To investigate local protein synthesis in vitro, we added [35S]-methionine to the extracellular saline surrounding intact and chronic anucleate MGAs. After 4- to 6-h incubations, radiolabelled proteins were detected in axoperfusates analyzed by SDS-PAGE and fluorography. The similarity between radiolabelled proteins in axoperfusates and MGA glial sheaths indicated a glial origin for the radiolabelled axoperfusate proteins. Various observations and control experiments suggested that glial-axonal protein transfer occurred by a physiological process. Glial-axonal protein transfer may contribute to the maintenance of proteins during LTS of chronic anucleate MGAs. 相似文献
72.
利用流态化化学气相淀积(CVD)制备Al_2O_3-SnO_2复合粒子。探讨了SnO_2在Al_2O_3超细颗粒上的包敷状态,考察了反应温度、反应物进料浓度比、反应时间等对反应结果的影响。结果表明,SnO_2在复合粒子团聚体体相中呈均匀分布,形成Al_2O_3-SnO_2复合粒子,SnO_2均匀淀积在Al_2O_3超细颗粒原生粒子表面,流态化CVD包敷效果优于非流化过程;随反应时间的延长,产物中SnO_2含量线性递增;而当反应温度高于300℃,反应物H_2O和SnCl_4配比大于4:1时,SnO_2含量基本保持不变。 相似文献
73.
研究目的探讨苯酞类天然产物的合成方法及其生物活性。研究方法以邻苯二甲酐为底物,首先引入丁烯基,再进行烯丙位氧化,制得目标化合物。结果通过丁基锂反应,得到了具有药物活性的丁烯基苯酞,然后利用SeO2烯丙位氧化,首次合成了Z-3-(2-羟基丁烯基)苯酞。结论此合成方法原料易得,方法简便,为苯酞类化合物的合成研究提供了一个新的途径。 相似文献
74.
磺胺噻二嗪硫酮衍生物的合成及其抑菌活性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用药物化学骈合原理设计并合成了一系列新的3,5-二取代1,3,5-噻二嗪-2-硫酮类化合物,其结构经红外光谱,紫外光谱及元素分析证实,抑菌活性试验显示了良好的抑菌活性。 相似文献
75.
Josefa Vega-Matuszczyk Viveka Hillegaart Knut Larsson Sven Ahlenius 《Brain research》1993,630(1-2):82-87
Regional changes in the rate of brain monoamine synthesis were monitored in male rats exposed to, but prevented from physical contact with, an estrous or an ovariectomized female. The in vivo rate of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylase activities were estimated by measuring the accumulation of DOPA and 5-HTP following inhibition of cerebral aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase by means of 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD-1015) treatment (100 mg/kg i.p.) 5 min upon NSD-1015 treatment, the males were exposed to an intact estrous female or an ovariectomized female for 20 min before decapitation and brain dissections. Exposure to an estrous female produced an increased rate of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, the dorso-lateral neostriatum and in the ventral neostriatum, in comparison with home-cage controls. By the same comparison, exposure to an ovariectomized female resulted in an increased rate of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, byt not in the neostriatal areas, whereas tryptophan hydroxylase activity was unaffected. Finally, exposure to the empty test cage, with no stimulus females present, did not produce any statistically significant changes in the rate of tyrosine or tryptophan hydroxylase activity in any of the brain areas sampled. Taken together with recent findings from this laboratory, the present results demonstrate that the level of sexual motivation brought about by the olfactory, auditory and/or visual stimulation of a receptive female is associated with an increased demand on catecholamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis in the limbic forebrain of the male rat. The finding that the presence of an unestrous female produced an enhanced demand on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the medial prefrontal neocortex demonstrates that the sexual incentive provided by the estrous female may not be the only factor responsible for all the effects observed in the present study. In fact, there is a distinct possibility that the intense challenge produced by sexually significant stimuli is but an endpoint, and that the changes found in forebrain monoamine synthesis is a reflection of an environmental challenge not necessarily specifically linked to the sexual behavior. 相似文献
76.
KLEOMENIS BARLOS DIMITRIOS GATOS OLGA HATZI NICOLE KOCH SOFIA KOUTSOGIANNI 《Chemical biology & drug design》1996,47(3):148-153
S-4-methoxytrityl cysteine was synthesized and converted into the corresponding Fmoc-Cys(Mmt)-OH by its reaction with Fmoc-OSu. As compared to the corresponding Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH, the S-Mmt-function was found to be considerably more acid labile. Quantitative S-Mmt-removal occurs selectively in the presence of groups of the tert butyl type and S-Trt by treatment with 0.5–1.0% TFA. The new derivative was successfully utilized in the SPPS of Tyr1-somatostatin on 2-chlorotrityl resin. In this synthesis groups of the Trt-type were exclusively used for amino acid side-chain protection. Quantitative cleavage from the resin and complete deprotection was performed by treatment with 3% TFA in DCM–TES (95:5) for 30 min at RT. We observed no reduction of tryptophan under these conditions. © Munksgaard 1996. 相似文献
77.
《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2003,46(10):923-943
In Part I of this review series, an overview was presented on what the basic properties of supercritical fluids are and how they can, and are being used in many of today's industries as solvents for extraction, chromatography and reaction. A good part of this overview detailed the kinds of equipment needed, and techniques on how to use them for optimal performance. Part II of this series will delve into specific applications of supercritical fluid technology as it relates to aspects of medical isotope processing. The reader will note that very few applications of this technology to Nuclear Medicine have been published. Many potential applications cited within the context of this review derive from preliminary studies carried out in the author's laboratory. These examples are presented to spark interest in future developments of this nature. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
78.
79.
介绍了一种新型的防腐杀菌剂--二羟甲基二甲海因的合成方法,采用5,-5二甲海因与甲醛在常压、碱性、冰浴下,反应2小时,产率88.6%。 相似文献
80.
KATSUHIRO HAYASHI TOSHIMASA OCHIAI YOSHIHIRO ISHINODA TAKESHI OKAMOTO TOSHIHIRO MARUYAMA KAZUNORI TSUDA HIROHITO TSUBOUCHI 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》1997,12(3):249-256
The importance of oxygen in maintaining the functional integrity of hepatocytes has been well established in a variety of experimental models, such as in vivo , perfused liver and isolated hepatocytes. However, one of the shortcomings of these systems is their short life span. Therefore, we have examined the effects of long-term hypoxia on cellular adenine nucleotide content and cellular functions, such as albumin production, urea production and DNA synthesis, in adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Hepatocytes were cultured at a density of 11 × 104 and 5 × 104 cells/0.18 mL per cm2 for the study of albumin and urea production and DNA synthesis, respectively, at various oxygen tensions (20, 12, 8 and 5%) for 24 h. Cellular ATP content in cultured hepatocytes in hypoxia gradually declined, corresponding to the decrease in oxygen tension, and the cellular ATP level at 5% oxygen was approximately 20% of that at 20% oxygen. Albumin production also decreased in parallel with the decrease in cellular ATP content in cultured hepatocytes in hypoxia. However, even when cellular ATP content gradually declined corresponding with the decrease in oxygen tension in cultured hepatocytes in hypoxia, such as at 8 or 5% oxygen, urea production remained at a high level; in contrast, DNA synthesis was completely suppressed. These results suggest that the cellular ATP content decreases in cultured hepatocytes during long-term hypoxia in relation to oxygen tension and that the relationship between decreased ATP levels and liver function in cultured hepatocytes during hypoxia differs for albumin production, urea production and DNA synthesis. 相似文献