血清总胆汁酸测定在婴幼儿肝炎综合征治疗中的意义

[目的]通过检测血清总胆汁酸(TBA)水平,确立该指标在婴幼儿肝炎综合征诊治中的意义.[方法]采用全自动酶法分析技术对65例婴幼儿肝炎综合征患儿及65 例正常对照的婴幼儿进行空腹血清总胆汁酸测定,同时对其他肝功能相关项目进行测定.[结果]正常对照婴儿血清总胆汁酸值呈正偏态分布,经对数转换后,D检验呈对数正态分布,参考值范围0～11.7μmol/L;肝炎综合征患儿测定结果为,血清总胆汁酸检测阳性率达89.2％,均值较正常上限升高7～10倍.与碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、直接胆红素(DBIL)及γ谷氨酰转移酶相比,具有显著的正相关,且血清总胆汁酸灵敏度和特异性明显优于以往的指标.[结论]血清总胆汁酸测定具有特异性强、灵敏度高及数值变化趋势稳定性的优势,可为婴幼儿肝炎综合征的诊断提供可靠的实验室依据.     

苍耳子的化学成分和临床应用研究进展

苍耳子主要含有挥发油、脂肪油、酚酸、苍耳子噻嗪双酮等杂环类化合物、蒽醌、黄酮、生物碱及其他类成分,毒性成分为苍术苷及其衍生物。临床应用以治疗鼻病为多,多配伍辛夷、白芷、薄荷（苍耳子散）加减用于慢性鼻炎、过敏性鼻炎、鼻窦炎、副鼻窦炎等,尚可治疗皮肤病、关节痛、牙痛等疾病。     

金银花多酚类物质的纯化研究

目的 考察常用的大孔吸附树脂对金银花多酚类物质的纯化效果,筛选纯化工艺条件。方法 以总酚的质量分数和回收率作为指标,采用静态吸附及动态吸附考察树脂的吸附、解吸性能。结果 NKA-2型树脂对多酚类物质的吸附能力明显强于其他树脂,其载药量为7倍树脂体积,水洗5倍树脂体积,60%乙醇洗6倍树脂体积。此条件下,浸膏量减少40%左右,总酚质量分数提升近一倍,达到60%左右,样品回收率达到55%。结论 NKA-2型树脂对金银花多酚类的纯化效果较好,适用于金银花多酚类物质的分离纯化。     

代谢酶在马兜铃酸肾病中的作用

马兜铃酸（aristolochic acid,AA）是马兜铃酸肾病（aristolochic acid nephropathy,AAN）的致病因素,已受到国际上的高度重视,有关AA肾毒性机制的研究目前已成为毒理学领域的研究热点之一。马兜铃酸I（AAI）是马兜铃酸的主要毒性成分,氧化和还原是AAI体内快速清除必不可少的代谢过程。参与AAI氧化还原的代谢酶及此代谢过程在AAN中的作用取得了重大进展,因此对相关的研究结果进行综述,为进一步深入研究AAI肾毒性机制提供参考。     

测定金银花中6种有机酸类化合物含量的一种新方法

目的:为解决金银花药材分析中部分对照品价格高、不易获得的问题,建立了一测多评的分析方法.方法:通过测定绿原酸(CA)、咖啡酸(CfA)的含量,以及与其它有机酸的相对校正因子(RCF),计算出其它几种有机酸的含量.结果:在一定线性范围内,CA与新绿原酸(NCA)、3,4-二咖啡酸酰奎尼酸(3,4-DCA)、3,5-二咖啡酸酰奎尼酸(3,5-DCA)、4,5-二咖啡酸酰奎尼酸(4,5-DCA)的RCF分别为5.462、5.689、2.313、2.382,CfA与NCA、3,4-DCA、3,5-DCA、4,5-DCA的RCF分别为3.941、4.103、1.669、1.718.该方法在不同实验室、不同型号的高效液相色谱仪以及不同色谱柱上进行验证,重现性满意;与外标法相比,所得结果经方差分析均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),准确度较高.结论:该方法可采用较易获得的对照品测定金银花药材中多种有机酸的含量,有助于对金银花药材进行更为全面的质量控制.     

五味子油对2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗大鼠的作用及机制

目的探讨五味子油对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的作用及其机制。方法高脂饲料联合小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导建立2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗模型。将SD大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,五味子油高剂量(1mg/kg)、低剂量(0.5 mg/kg)组,罗格列酮组。连续灌胃6周,测定空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、血清中瘦素的水平,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果五味子油可降低FBG、FINS、FFA的水平,抑制瘦素的表达,降低HOMA-IR。结论五味子油改善2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的作用可能与瘦素有关。     

Invertebrate immune diversity

The arms race between hosts and pathogens (and other non-self) drives the molecular diversification of immune response genes in the host. Over long periods of evolutionary time, many different defense strategies have been employed by a wide variety of invertebrates. We review here penaeidins and crustins in crustaceans, the allorecognition system encoded by fuhc, fester and Uncle fester in a colonial tunicate, Dscam and PGRPs in arthropods, FREPs in snails, VCBPs in protochordates, and the Sp185/333 system in the purple sea urchin. Comparisons among immune systems, including those reviewed here have not identified an immune specific regulatory “genetic toolkit”, however, repeatedly identified sequences (or “building materials” on which the tools act) are present in a broad range of immune systems. These include a Toll/TLR system, a primitive complement system, an LPS binding protein, and a RAG core/Transib element. Repeatedly identified domains and motifs that function in immune proteins include NACHT, LRR, Ig, death, TIR, lectin domains, and a thioester motif. In addition, there are repeatedly identified mechanisms (or “construction methods”) that generate sequence diversity in genes with immune function. These include genomic instability, duplications and/or deletions of sequences and the generation of clusters of similar genes or exons that appear as families, gene recombination, gene conversion, retrotransposition, alternative splicing, multiple alleles for single copy genes, and RNA editing. These commonly employed “materials and methods” for building and maintaining an effective immune system that might have been part of that ancestral system appear now as a fragmented and likely incomplete set, likely due to the rapid evolutionary change (or loss) of host genes that are under pressure to keep pace with pathogen diversity.     

Prolonged consumption of flaxseed flour increases the 17β-estradiol hormone without causing adverse effects on the histomorphology of Wistar rats’ penis

Consumption of foods rich in phytoestrogens such as flaxseed has increased due to its chemoprotective effects, especially those related to the cardiovascular system. The flaxseed has components that can interfere with development of male reproductive system. This study aims to investigate the possible effects of prolonged consumption of flaxseed flour on hormonal and histomorphologic penis parameters of adult Wistar rats. Rat dams were divided into two groups during lactation period: the control group that was fed with diet based on casein and the flaxseed group that was fed with diet based on casein containing 25% of flaxseed . At weaning, 10 male offspring from each group continued to receive the experimental diets until 250 days old. Rats fed with diet containing flaxseed showed increased concentrations of 17β-estradiol (p = 0.01) but no changes in testosterone concentrations. With regard to histomorphometric analysis of the penis, supplemented rats had lower values for the total area of the corpus spongiosum (p = 0.01). All other analyzed parameters wer e similar as the control. Results showed that the use of flaxseed flour did not cause adverse effects on the penis morphology but increases the 17β-estradiol hormone, when consumed in integral form for a prolonged period.     

Control of konzo in DRC using the wetting method on cassava flour

Fifty konzo cases were identified in four villages in Popokabaka Health Zone, DRC. One third of people had only one meal per day, mainly of cassava flour consumed as a thick porridge (fufu) and pounded, boiled cassava leaves. Retention of cyanogens in flour resulted from short soaking of cassava roots. A 1.5 years intervention was made in the largest village Kay Kalenge, where the wetting method was taught to all women of the village, who accepted it willingly. The total cyanide content of cassava flour was reduced to below 10 ppm. Fufu from treated flour tasted and stored better than fufu from untreated flour. The mean urinary thiocyanate content of 100 school children reduced from 332 to 130 μmole/L and the number of samples exceeding 350 μmole/L decreased from 26 to 0 during the intervention. No new konzo cases occurred, which included two dry seasons when konzo peaks. Konzo was first identified by Dr. Trolli in 1938 in Popokabaka Health Zone and it has now been prevented for the first time in the same area. The methodology is now in use in Boko Health Zone and we believe it is the most effective way to control konzo in tropical Africa.