不同程度近视患者行SMILE术后的有效光学区及角膜高阶像差比较

目的：比较低、中、高度近视患者行飞秒激光小切口基质透镜取出术(SMILE)后的有效光学区和角膜高阶像差。

方法：收集2019-02/2021-02在我院行SMILE手术的患者134例,均取右眼入组,按等效球镜度(SE)分为低度近视组SE>-3.00 D,中度近视组-6.00 D结果：SMILE术后1 mo,三组术后有效光学区均小于预设光学区,随着屈光度数增加,有效光学区越小(P<0.05); 术后1 mo角膜总高阶像差、球差、彗差均高于术前,除低近视度组球差术前与术后1 mo无差异(P>0.05),其余组别均有差异(P<0.05); 角膜总高阶像差、球差和彗差随着屈光度数增加而增加,三组角膜总高阶像差和球差有差异(均P<0.05),高度近视组与中度近视组、低度近视组彗差结果均有差异(P<0.05),中度近视组与低度近视组彗差结果无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：随着手术矫正的屈光度数增加,术后有效光学区减少越多,角膜高阶像差增加越明显; SMILE术后1 mo角膜高阶像差较术前增加。     

心理暗示干预在老年人牙拔除术中的应用

目的：探讨心理暗示干预在老年人牙拔除术中的应用价值。方法：将老年人拔牙患者118例随机分为心理暗示组及对照组各59例。心理暗示组在拔牙术前采用心理暗示干预的方法,对照组未给予任何暗示,按照沉稳型、张乱型及混合型三个等级统计数据,进行对比研究。结果：心理暗示组的沉稳型率显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）,张乱型率显著低于对照组（P〉0.05）。结论：心理暗示干预应用于老年人牙拔除术时,可明显降低患者的畏惧程度,缩短手术时间,确保手术的顺利进行,有一定的应用价值。     

响应面法优化黄芩中黄芩苷闪式提取工艺

目的:利用响应面分析方法优化黄芩苷闪式提取工艺条件.方法:以HPLC测定黄芩苷含量,以黄芩苷得率为指标,单因素试验考察乙醇体积分数、提取时间及料液比;采用Box-Behnken设计、响应面分析统计学方法对工艺参数进行优化.结果:最佳工艺条件为14倍量70％乙醇提取102 s,在此条件下得到黄芩苷的实测值达13.588％,理论值可达13.592％,两者较吻合.结论:闪式提取法是一种高效、快速提取黄芩中黄芩苷的方法.     

多指标正交试验优选白术芍药散提取工艺

白术芍药散是中医传统名方,临床对于腹泻有确切的治疗效果.然而,目前有关白术芍药散的提取工艺报道较少.该试验利用正交试验的方法,以复方中10个指标性成分和浸出物的含量作为指标,采用综合加权评分法处理数据,对提取工艺中乙醇浓度、溶剂倍量、浸泡时间、提取时间4个因素进行考察,以优化白术芍药散提取工艺.结果得出白术芍药散的最佳提取工艺为加入12倍量70％乙醇,浸泡1h,提取2次,每次2h.其中提取时间有显著影响.优化后的提取工艺稳定可靠,可为进一步开发利用该处方提供参考.     

五味子超临界萃取物对Aβ25-35诱导的PC12细胞损伤后生存状态和活力的保护作用

目的:研究五味子超临界萃取物对β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ25-35)所致的PC12细胞损伤后生存状态和活力的保护作用。方法:体外培养PC12细胞,建立Aβ引起的细胞损伤的AD细胞模型,采用MTT法和LDH法检测细胞生存活力。结果:五味子超临界萃取物能降低LDH含量,升高细胞线粒体脱氢酶的活性,增加活细胞数。结论:五味子超临界萃取物能减轻Aβ25-35损伤后的PC12细胞的受损程度,保护细胞膜,提高细胞生存活力。     

荞麦花叶提取物对S180荷瘤小鼠的辅助治疗作用

目的:研究荞麦花叶提取物(extraction of buckwheat flower and leaf,EBFL)对肿瘤的辅助治疗作用,并探讨其可能的机制。方法:建立小鼠S180肿瘤模型;分别ig荞麦花叶提取物200,400 mg.kg-1及与环磷酰胺(CTX)联合给药14 d,实验重复3次。测定荷瘤小鼠的生存期、肿瘤抑制率、白细胞计数、胸腺指数、脾指数,同时测定荷瘤小鼠血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。结果:与模型组相比,EBFL对肿瘤抑制作用不明显,但可使荷瘤小鼠生存期明显延长,25 d生存率以CTX+EBFL-H组最高(35%),其次是EBFL-H(25%)和EBFL-L(20%);与CTX阳性对照组比较,EBFL能明显抑制CTX所致白细胞数量减少及免疫器官指数降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);EBFL可提高IL-2水平,但对TNF-α水平无影响。结论:EBFL可改善荷瘤小鼠生存质量,延长生存期,减轻CTX的毒性,其机制可能是通过提高机体免疫力实现的。     

正交试验优选黑骨藤的超声提取工艺研究

目的 研究黑骨藤的最佳提取工艺.方法 以杠柳苷提取率为指标,采用正交试验优选提取工艺参数.结果 最佳工艺条件:溶剂为50％乙醇,料液比1∶15,功率800 W,温度50℃,提取2次,每次20 min.结论 此工艺合理可行,适用于黑骨藤中杠柳苷的提取.     

花椒超临界萃取物对豚鼠离体气管活动的影响

目的探讨花椒超临界萃取物（HJ）对豚鼠离体气管的作用及其机制。方法通过HJ对正常气管、乙酰胆碱（Ach）所致气管痉挛及磷酸组胺（HIS）致气管依内、外钙两种收缩的影响，初步探讨HJ对离体气管的作用及其机制。结果HJ对正常气管、Ach和HIS所致气管痉挛及HIS致气管依外钙收缩有明显的抑制作用，并呈剂量依赖性。结论HJ有平喘的作用。     

妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液对白内障术后眼部炎症反应有效性和安全性的临床观察

目的 定量检测白内障术后应用妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液控制术后眼部炎症反应的有效性和安全性。设计 前瞻性病例系列。研究对象 2013年10月至2014年5月中国医科大学附属第四医院行白内障超声乳化吸除联合折叠式人工晶状体（IOL）植入术的单纯年龄相关性白内障患者238例（284眼）。方法 患者行白内障超声乳化吸除联合折叠式IOL植入术,术后予妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液（典必殊?誖）点眼,于术前、术后1天、1周及1个月对眼压、眼充血（Keratograph角膜地形综合分析仪眼前节图像采集,R-scan软件处理记录结膜充血及睫状充血程度）、房水蛋白浓度（激光闪辉测量仪检测）及SD-OCT黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度检查。主要指标 眼压、眼充血、房水蛋白浓度及黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度。结果 术后糖皮质激素性高眼压发生率为1.75%（5眼）。术后1周及1个月眼部结膜充血及睫状充血的程度较术后1天明显减轻（χ2=315.35,190.69,P=0.000）,且于术后1个月基本接近术前水平。房水蛋白浓度比较,术后1周、1个月分别为（13.3±7.5）、（8.1±5.2）pc/ms,较术后1天（18.2±9.8）pc/ms明显降低（P=0.000）。黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度比较,术后1个月为（254.1±28.4）μm,与术前（249.2±17.8）μm无明显差异。结论 通过前瞻性定量检测眼充血、房水蛋白浓度及黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度的结果显示,局部应用妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液（典必殊?誖）能有效控制白内障术后眼部炎症反应,且具有良好的安全性。（眼科,2015,24： 51-55）     

Impact of Ocular Residual Astigmatism on Visual Outcomes of Myopic Astigmatism Correction after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction

Objective: To calculate ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) by vector analysis and to evaluate the impact of ocular residual astigmatism on refractive and visual outcomes after correction of myopic astigmatism by small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods: In this prospective case-series study, 115 eyes with myopic astigmatism were treated with SMILE from Jauary 2019 to August 2019 atRefractive Center of Ophthalmology Department, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University. ORA was calculated by vector analysis and patients were divided into two groups according to the magnitude of ORA: high ORA group (ORA≥1.00 D) with 42 eyes and low ORA group (ORA<1.00 D) with 73 eyes. The follow-up period was 3 months after the operation. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and pythagorean length were measured and compared after the operation. The following measurements were compared: refractive outcomes, total higher order aberrations (tHOAs), vertical trefoil, vertical coma, horizontal coma, oblique trefoil, oblique quadrafoil, oblique secondary astigmatism, spherical aberration, vertical secondary astigmatism, and vertical quadrafoil. Contrast sensitivity was compared between the high and low ORA groups under either 85 cd/m2 or 3 cd/m2 illumination from 1.5 c/d to 18 c/d. The data were analyzed by an independent-samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test to compare the differences between the two groups. Results: Three months postoperatively, refractive outcomes showed that postoperative residual astigmatism in the high ORA group was significantly higher than in the low ORA group (t=3.293, P=0.001). Vector analysis showed that the error vector (EV), absolute error of angle (absolute EA) and index of success (SI) were higher in the high ORA group (t=-3.235, P=0.001; t=-2.326, P=0.020; t=-2.587, P=0.010). After SMILE，all cases had achieved a desirable visual acuity: high ORA group: -0.15±0.05, low ORA group: -0.15±0.05. There were no statistically significant differences in visual acuity, pythagorean length, tHOAs, vertical trefoil, vertical coma, horizontal coma, oblique trefoil, oblique quadrafoil, oblique secondary astigmatism, spherical aberration, vertical secondary astigmatism, or vertical quadrafoil between the two groups. An obvious difference was found in contrast sensitivity, which showed a higher contrast sensitivity at a spatial frequency of 18 c/d with 85 cd/m2 in the low ORA group than in the high ORA group (t=-2.877, P=0.005), but this tendency was not present at 3 cd/m2 . Conclusions: Ocular residual astigmatism impacts the precision of SMILE in correcting myopic astigmatism. This leads to a tendency of more residual astigmatism in refractive outcomes, and reduces contrast sensitivity at high spatial frequencies. However, it does not affect the outcome of obtaining good visual quality in both visual acuity and higher order aberrations.