复合酶中糖化酶活力的测定

复合糖化酶的酶活力检测是主要的质量控制指标,只有选用合理的糖化酶活力检测方法,才能真实反映出复合酶中糖化酶活力的高低.为避免因协同作用而产生的复合酶中其他酶制剂对糖化酶活力检测的干扰,作者总结了以往的研究成果,结合4种不同酶制剂的作用机理,最终否定了常用的淀粉底物法,确定了麦芽糖底物法为首选方法.     

参加社会活动和锻炼对冠心病并发抑郁的影响1

目的：研究参加社会活动和锻炼对新兴工业化农村社区冠心病患者并发抑郁的影响。方法：对114例在我院就医、属三角镇户籍常住人口的冠心病（CHD）患者进行Zung量表（SDS量表）检测，同时调查其经济状况、健康习惯、参加社会活动和锻炼情况等。用SPSS13．0版统计软件进行统计分析。结果：抑郁发生率37．7％，女性44．3％（27／61）高于男性30．2％（16／53）。70岁以上者47．6％（30／63）高于70岁以下者25．5％（13／51）。缺少社会活动（几乎不参加社会活动）、缺少锻炼（几乎不锻炼身体）都抑郁发生率高，可能是冠心病并发抑郁的独立预测因素。结论：适度参加社会活动和锻炼对CHD患者并发抑郁可能有预防作用。     

The effects of norepinephrine transporter inactivation on locomotor activity in mice.

BACKGROUND: Acute administration of different classes of antidepressants can enhance or reduce spontaneous locomotor activity in a novel environment, but the effects of chronic antidepressant treatment on spontaneous locomotor activity in novel and familiar environments are less well characterized. Because norepinephrine is an important regulator of spontaneous locomotor activity, we speculated that norepinephrine transporter blockade contributes to the effects of some antidepressants on spontaneous locomotor activity. METHODS: Antidepressant drugs (reboxetine, desipramine, imipramine, venlafaxine, bupropion) were administered acutely (intraperitoneal) or chronically (via osmotic minipump) to control and norepinephrine transporter knockout mice, and spontaneous locomotor activity in novel or familiar environments was recorded. RESULTS: Acute treatment with most norepinephrine transporter-blocking antidepressants decreased spontaneous locomotor activity in a novel environment, whereas chronic treatment decreased spontaneous locomotor activity in both novel and familiar environments. The exception was bupropion, a dual norepinephrine transporter/dopamine transporter blocker, which tended to increase spontaneous locomotor activity. Coadministration of reboxetine and the dopamine transporter blocker GBR 12909 also increased spontaneous locomotor activity. Norepinephrine transporter knockout mice had low basal spontaneous locomotor activity, which was increased by bupropion, whereas reboxetine had no effect in norepinephrine transporter knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS: Acute or chronic inactivation of the norepinephrine transporter decreases spontaneous locomotor activity in novel and familiar environments unless coupled with dopamine transporter blockade.     

Corticofugal modulation of the information processing in the auditory thalamus of the cat

Summary Single unit activity of 355 cells was recorded in the auditory thalamus of anesthetized cats before, during, and after the inactivation by cooling of the ipsilateral primary auditory cortex (AI). Most of the units (n = 288) showed similar functional characteristics of firing before and after the cryogenic blockade of AI. The spontaneous firing rate remained unchanged by cooling in 20% of the units and decreased in the majority of them (60%). In some regions, i.e. dorsal division of the medial geniculate body (MGB), lateral part of the posterior group of the thalamus, and auditory sector of the reticular nucleus of the thalamus, the maximum firing rate evoked by white noise bursts was generally affected by cooling in the same direction and to the same extent as the spontaneous activity. Units in the ventral division of MGB showed a characteristic increase of signal-to-noise ratio during cortical cooling. The corticofugal modulation led to the appearance or disappearance of the best frequency of tuning in 51 units and changed it by more than 0.5 octave in 34 units. The bandwidths of different response patterns to pure tones stimulation were used to define a set of functional properties. During cryogenic blockade of AI, two cortically modulated sub-populations of units were usually distinguished that exhibited changes for a given functional property. The complexity and diversity of the effects of cortical inactivation suggest that the corticothalamic projection may be the support for selective operations such as an adaptive filtering of the incoming acoustic signal at the thalamic level adjusted as a function of cortical activity.     

钩端螺旋体核糖体提取物免疫保护作用的研究

作者对核糖体现有的制备方法进行了部分改进,从黄疸出血群赖型017株钩体中成功地制备了核糖体提取物。该提取物经SPA-ELISA 证实具有免疫原性,对40只受试豚鼠的保护试验结果表明,核糖体提取物对同型毒株的攻击具有明显的保护作用;结果还证明核糖体提取物能诱导机体的体液免疫反应。     

Substance P and human nasal mucociliary activity

Summary Substance P (SP), a potent inflammatory agent, has been found in sensory nerve fibres in the nasal mucosa in several experimental animals as well as in man. It may participate in the inflammatory response as part of the mucosal defence against foreign materials. In experimental animals SP has been found to increase mucociliary in airway mucosa. The present study was performed in order to find out the relationship between topically applied SP and nasal mucociliary function in humans. Thirteen healthy volunteers were challenged with 65 µg SP or placebo in a randomized cross over fashion and mucociliary transport time was determined each time using the saccharine dye test. The dose of SP was chosen after an open dose-response study. No statistically significant change in the mucociliary transport time was found after challenge with SP as compared to placebo. The possible reasons for this are discussed.     

Apomorphine-induced alterations in cortical EEG activity of rats

Summary EEG activity after activation of dopamine receptors of D-1 and/or D-2 type was studied by using telemetric recordings in rats. Apomorphine, a preferential D-2 agonist, produced a characteristic increase in the power of alpha-1 band (7.00–9.50 Hz) when given in doses mediating stereotypies (0.2 or 0.5 mg/kg s. c.). Low doses produced a general increase in the power of all of the bands except beta-2. In particular, delta activity was enhanced which seems to be in correspondence with the sedation observed after these doses (0.02 and 0.05 mg/kg). Haloperidol in a dose which is assumed to block both D-1 and D-2 receptors (0.1 mg/kg i. p.) completely antagonized the alpha-1 activation produced by apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg). A similar, although not complete inhibition of alpha-I activation was found after administration of a large dose of the selective D-1 antagonist SCH 23390 (0.2 mg/kg i. p.). The selective agonist at D-2 receptors quinpirole (1.0 mg/kg s. c.) produced a less pronounced activation of the power in the alpha-1 band than apomorphine.In general, there was found to be a good correlation between the activation of the alpha-1 activity and stereotyped behaviour. The results suggest that for the full expression of alpha-1 activation, a pronounced activation of D-2 receptors and at least a minimal activation of D-1 receptors, for instance by the endogenous dopamine, is necessary. Send offprint requests to K. Kuschinsky at the above address     

四种口服头孢菌素的体外抗菌活性的比较研究

本文报道口服Cefixime对900株需氧菌和厌氧菌的体外抗菌作用,并与其它口服的头孢克罗、头孢羟氨苄和头孢氨苄进行了比较。Cefixime对链球菌具较强作用,但对葡萄球菌的作用较差;对肠球菌无效。对肠杆菌科细菌的抗菌活性四者之中以Cefixime最强。Cefixime对头孢氨苄耐药株仍具高度活性,其MIC均值可降低60～1200倍以上。绿脓杆菌、硝酸盐阴性杆菌、鲁氏不动杆菌和产碱杆菌对Cefixime和其它3种头孢菌素的敏感性均较差。四者对厌氧菌的作用除厌氧球菌外其抗菌活性都很弱。Cefixime对β-内酰胺酶稳定,口服吸收良好,抗菌作用强,是一个值得进行临床研究的口服头孢菌素。     

恶性和非恶性肿瘤患者正常组织细胞DNA含量参数的对比研究

目的 :探讨恶性和非恶性肿瘤患者正常组织细胞生物学特性的区别。　方法 :用流式细胞术对 2 37例恶性肿瘤患者和 148例非恶性肿瘤患者正常组织细胞的DNA含量进行了检测 ,并对二者的DNA指数 (DI)、DNA倍体类型、细胞程序性死亡水平 (Apo)和增殖活性 (SPF)做了对比分析。　结果 :2 37例恶性肿瘤患者正常组织的DI值为1.0 8± 0 .2 3,DNA异倍体检出率为 18.99% ;148例非恶性肿瘤患者正常组织的DI值为 1.0 0± 0 ,DNA倍体类型均为二倍体。恶性肿瘤患者正常组织的Apo和SPF均显著高于非恶性肿瘤患者正常组织 (P <0 .0 5 )。即使剔除DNA异倍体病例 ,其Apo和SPF仍显著高于非恶性肿瘤患者的正常组织 (P <0 .0 5和P <0 .0 1)。　结论 :恶性肿瘤患者癌旁远处组织DNA二倍体细胞的Apo和SPF显著高于非恶性肿瘤正常组织 ,不能真正代表正常组织细胞的生物学特性