The gap between legal rules and practice in advertising non-registered pharmaceutical products : A new method of analysis

The market of non-registered pharmaceutical products is growing fast in number and overall costs, not only in the Netherlands, but also in other European countries. These products often give the impression that the consumer may expect 'an effect as from a drug'. Legally, there is a clear distinction between 'drugs' and 'commodities' in the Netherlands; the question is whether legislation and practice concur. In an investigation we analysed texts of advertisements for non-registered pharmaceutical products published in a popular magazine. A method was developed, based on the legal definition of a drug and jurisprudence, to determine in a qualitative and quantitative way the application of medicinal claims. It transpired that in 65% of the analysed advertisements explicit or implicit claims were made. These products should therefore be subject to drugs legislation. Thus, in the Netherlands there is a gap between legislation and practice in advertising non-registered pharmaceutical products.     

手术配合局部外用药治疗慢性肛门湿疹临床观察

目的:观察手术配合术后曲咪新加复方鱼肝油软膏混合膏局部换药治疗慢性肛门湿疹的疗效.方法:将93例慢性肛门湿疹患者随机分为治疗组(47例)和对照组组(46例),治疗组采用手术配合术后曲咪新加复方鱼肝油软膏混合膏局部换药,对照组采用亚甲蓝局部封闭配合术后皮炎平局部换药.观察两组患者术后长短期疗效.结果:治疗组短期有效率为93.61%,疗效优于对照组71.74%(P＜0.01);治疗组远期有效率为89.36%,优于对照组60.87%(P＜0.01).结论:本法治疗慢性顽固性肛门湿疹疗效确切、复发率低.     

活血化瘀中药联合血管内皮生长因子基因转移促进股骨头坏死处新生血管形成的实验研究

目的:观察活血化瘀中药联合血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因转移对促进股骨头缺血坏死处新生血管形成情况。方法:日本大耳兔40只,随机分为对照组、模型组、中药组、基因组和综合组。治疗8周后采用免疫组织化学方法观察股骨头滑膜VEGF阳性细胞率及数字减影血管造影股骨头血管数目改变情况。结果:模型组VEGF阳性细胞表达率减低,与对照组、基因组、综合组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01),与中药组比较,有统计学差异(P<0.05),综合组VEGF阳性细胞表达率较高,与中药组及基因组比较,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。血管数目:在A区,各组与模型组比较,均无统计学差异;在B区,各组较模型组血管数目均有增加,对照组、基因组、综合组与模型组比较,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。综合组与基因组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),中药组虽然血管数目较模型组多,但是无统计学意义。结论:活血化瘀中药及VEGF基因转移均可促进股骨头缺血坏死处局部新生血管形成和侧支循环的建立,尤以活血化瘀中药联合基因疗法效果为好,为临床应用活血化瘀中药联合基因疗法治疗股骨头缺血性坏死提供实验依据。     

The Rise of a New Psychoactive Agent: Salvia divinorum

Since the 1990s, there has been a rise in the availability and recreational use of a herbal plant called Salvia divinorum. Numerous internet websites have advertised it for sale as a legal herbal alternative to illegal hallucinogens. Initial data surveying use has indicated many young adults are obtaining and using this herb for its psychoactive properties. Reported methods of ingestion for the plant include chewing, and smoking leaves or fortified extracts. Subjective effects of the plant include, affect changes, psychedelic-like changes in perception, and even loss of consciousness. Although the pharmacological properties and possible antidepressant effects have been studied in recent years, little information is known about potential negative impact resulting from recreational use, and scant information about Salvia divinorum currently exists in the psychological and substance abuse literature. While Salvia divinorum appears to be a substance with some therapeutic potential, it also poses some significant dangers as a substance of varying legal status with a potential for abuse.     

中药醇提物对血液透析效果的影响

①目的　观察中药醇提物 (HD组方 )对血液透析效果的影响。②方法　选择我院终末期肾衰竭 (ES RD)病人 6 6例 ,已行维持性血液透析治疗 1年以上 ,随机分为常规组 32例 ,中药组 34例。常规组继续进行常规血液透析 ,中药组在常规透析的基础上 ,将透析液中加入HD组方 ,疗程均为 6个月。定期观察各组病人透析前、后血清尿素氮 (BUN)、肌酐 (Cr)、平均时间尿素氮浓度 (TACurea)、蛋白分解率 (PR)及G S指数 (KT/V值 )。③结果　中药组治疗后BUN、Cr水平与常规组同期比较明显降低 ,差别具有显著性 (t=2 .5 6 1、2 .4 98,P <0 .0 5 )。中药组治疗后TACurea较治疗前明显降低 ,差别具有极显著性 (t=2 .797,P <0 .0 1 ) ;而PR、KT/V值较治疗前明显升高 ,差别具有显著性 (t=2 .36 1、2 .4 98,P <0 .0 5 )。④结论　中药HD组方在透析液中的应用可提高ESRD病人透析效果及生活质量     

Gait patterns of a patient with myoclonus of a lower limb,when OFF and ON treatment with antiepileptic drugs

Abstract We describe kinematics, kinetics and electromyographic patterns of a patient with spinal myoclonus of the left lower limb, during walking. Gait analysis was performed when the patient was OFF and ON his treatment with antiepileptic drugs. When OFF, we mainly observed clonic bursts and out-of-phase activations of m. tibialis anterior and m. rectus femoris, with increased hip flexion, reduction of knee flexion during swing and excessive ankle dorsal flexion. Furthermore, large oscillations of knee moment of force and power during stance phase were also observed. These abnormal patterns markedly recovered when ON drugs.     

Levetiracetam monotherapy in Alzheimer patients with late-onset seizures: a prospective observational study

Levetiracetam (LEV) monotherapy was investigated in 25 patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD) and new-onset epileptic seizures in a prospective open-label study. At a daily dose of 1000–1500 mg, 72% were seizure-free for at least one year; 16% discontinued for untolerability; 8% were unresponsive; 4% were lost to follow-up. These results suggest the need for controlled studies to confirm if LEV can be a first-choice drug in AD.     

Cholinergic therapy in dementia

After reviewing the evidence for cholinergic pathology in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders, this paper reviews strategies for treating dementia using cholinomimetic drugs. Special attention is paid to cholinesterase inhibitors, particularly tacrine, the drug recently approved by the FDA. New studies suggesting that muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptor active drugs may be more effective will be reviewed. Brief mention will be made of strategies to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.     

Critical review of treatment trials in hypertension

Summary: Despite numerous deficiencies in some antihypertensive drug treatment trials, and some questionable selections of studies for inclusion in several meta-analyses, undoubtedly such trials have shown treatment benefits from reducing hypertension. Complications that can be corrected or prevented include malignant hypertension, hypertensive heart failure, stroke and coronary artery morbidity. the all-cause mortality has been lowered in several trials. the benefits have been seen in subjects aged over 60 years, in women and men, and in patients with isolated systolic hypertension. the benefits have been achieved using a wide range of drugs, not only with beta-blockers or diuretics. Non-pharmacological means of lowering blood pressure have not been evaluated in relation to morbidity.     

不同时程给予抗精神病药物对大鼠脑内AchE活性的影响

目的 探索常敏和超敏状态时乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的变化及该变化与锥体外系症状（ＥＰＳ）的可能关系。方法 应用分光光度法测定大鼠脑皮层、海马和纹状体ＡｃｈＥ催化碘化乙酰硫代胆碱水解的速率而确定酶的活性。结果 急性给予利血平、氯氮平、氟哌啶醇对大鼠纹状体、海马和皮层的ＡｃｈＥ活性无显著影响；以相同剂得的利血平、氯氮平和氟哌啶醇连续给药７ｄ和２１ｄ，利血平和氟哌啶醇显著降低纹状体和海马ＡｃｈＥ活性，氯氮平仅在