基于血清代谢组学分析热习服相关代谢产物及通路特征

目的：比较热习服与未习服人员血清中小分子代谢物差异,揭示人体热习服相关血清小分子代谢物特征。方法：以70例由温到热跨域作业人员为研究对象,以跨域后暴露于自然高温高湿环境作业或人工空调舒适环境作业为标准分为热习服组（n=40）和未习服组（n=30）。收集他们跨域后60d时清晨空腹血样,标准处理后采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对血清样本进行代谢组学检测,进一步使用Progenesis QI软件和ropls R包筛选两组人员的差异小分子代谢物,并进行KEGG通路富集度分析。结果：两组间年龄和BMI差异均无统计学意义。血清代谢组学检测共发现小分子代谢物1320个,未监督聚类分析能显著预测热习服组和未习服组。两组血清样本间浓度差异在1.5倍（p＜0.05）以上的小分子代谢物89个,其中57个在热习服组升高、32个在热习服组下降;进一步发现差异小分子代谢物主要富集于氨基酸代谢和甘油磷脂代谢等13条代谢通路,涉及色氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸等通路。结论：热环境暴露下的热习服训练改变了人体血清小分子代谢物的组学特征,表现为氨基酸代谢水平增强,其可能和热耐力的维护有关。     

Experimental and Analytical Research on Flexural Behavior of Concrete-Filled High-Strength Steel Tubular Members

Using high-strength steel (yield strength f_y ≥ 460 MPa) in concrete-filled steel tubes is expected to provide a superior bearing capacity by achieving light weight and efficient construction, but the existing design limitation on diameter-to-thickness (D/t) ratios for concrete-filled high-strength steel tubular (CFHST) members inevitably obstructs its wide application. In this study, aiming at the application of circular CFHST members using Q690 steel (f_y ≥ 690 MPa), a total of 15 CFHST beams were examined using a three-point loading test to investigate the failure mode, bearing capacity and plasticity evolution. Subsequently, finite element models (FEMs) were established to analyze the full-range curves, composite effect, failure mechanism and influences of key parameters including material strengths, D/t ratios, and shear-span ratios. A simplified calculation method for bearing capacity was finally proposed and verified. The results indicate that the full-range performance of tested CFHST members with out-of-code D/t ratios have ductile behavior, though they fail through the mode of steel fracture and concrete cracks in the tension zone as well as through local buckling in the compression zone; out-of-code CFHST members (e.g., D/t = 120) can perform reasonable composite behavior because of contact pressure larger than 2.5 MPa, where a thin-walled steel tube experiences an arch failure mechanism similar to core concrete at a trussed angle of 45°; the simplified bearing capacity model achieves a mean value of 0.97, and can be accepted as a primary tool to perform structural design and performance evaluation.     

Experimental-Numerical Study on the Flexural Ultimate Capacity of Prestressed Concrete Box Girders Subjected to Collision

Precise evaluation for flexural ultimate capacity of bridges which are subjected to the collision of over-height trucks is essential for making decisions on corresponding maintenance, strengthening or replacement. When the span of a cross-line continuous bridge with a double-box girder was hit by an overly high vehicle, the concrete floor of one girder was severely damaged, and part of the prestressed strands and reinforcements in the girder were broken. After the double-box girder was removed and separated into two single box girders, the ultimate flexural capacity of both box girders was studied by destructive tests, and a comparison was made between the damaged and undamaged girders. Moreover, finite element analysis was conducted to simulate the failure process. The results show that the flexural bearing capacity of the damaged box girder decreased by 33%, but it was still 1.07 times greater than the design bearing capacity, which basically meets the design requirements. Also, the damaged box girder showed a desirable serviceable limit state for three-axle vehicles and five-axle vehicles, but showed an undesirable serviceable limit state for six-axle vehicles. This study shows that repairing or strengthening the damaged span may be better than demolishing and rebuilding the whole superstructure bridge.     

老年患者脑血管储备功能的血管危险因素分析

目的调查研究老年患者脑血管储备功能的血管危险因素。方法对我院68例老年患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。按照是否存在血管危险因素均分成存在危险因素的观察组与正常因素的对照组。结果观察组屏气指数（BHI）为（0．56±0．17）与对照组的（1．33±0．32）相比具有显著性的差异（P〈0．05）。结论老年患者存在血管危险因素时脑血管储备功能便会下降,高血压、糖尿病、高血脂以及吸烟习惯对患者的血管储备功能产生较大影响,应对其产生高度重视。     

Heart rate variability,exercise capacity and levels of daily physical activity in children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate cystic fibrosis

Background:Autonomic nervous system balance is altered in cystic fibrosis (CF), although its influence on physical fitness has been poorly explored.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the association of heart rate variability (HRV) with exercise capacity and levels of daily physical activity in children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate CF.Methods:A cross-sectional study including individuals with CF aged 6–18 years, not under CFTR modulator therapy, was performed. Sociodemographic (age, sex) and clinical information (airway colonization, pancreatic insufficiency, and genotyping) were collected. In addition, exercise capacity (modified shuttle test — MST), lung function (spirometry), body composition (bioimpedance), levels of daily physical activity (5-day accelerometer), and HRV (both at rest and during the MST) were evaluated.Results:30 individuals (20 females) aged 11.2±3.7 years, mean FEV162.8±27.6%, were included. A sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) increase (p<0.001) during the MST was shown, indicating a predominance of sympathetic modulation. The standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN) and the high frequency (HF) index during exercise correlated significantly with FEV₁ (r=0.45, p=0.01 and r=0.46, p=0.01; respectively). MST distance also correlated positively and significantly with SDNN (r=0.43, p=0.01), square root of the mean of the sums of squares of frequencies between RR intervals greater than 50 ms — RMSSD (r=0.53, p<0.01), low frequency — LF (r=0.48, p<0.01), HF (r=0.64, p<0.01), dispersion of points perpendicular to the short-term identity line — SD1 (r=0.40, p=0.02) and negatively with LF/HF (r=−0.57, p<0.01). Regarding daily physical activity, SDNN at rest (r=0.37, p=0.04) and exercise (r=0.41, p=0.02) showed positive correlations with time in moderate-to-vigorous activities. When normalizing the SDNN and classifying individuals as normal or altered, those presenting altered SDNN showed poorest FEV₁ (p=0.001) and lower exercise capacity (p=0.027).Conclusion:HRV correlates with lung function, exercise capacity and levels of daily physical activity in children and adolescents with CF. The study highlights the influence of CF on autonomic function and suggests HRV measurement as an easy tool to be used in clinical settings as an alternative marker to monitor CF individuals.     

Factors that affect early postoperative health-related quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: a three-center cohort study

[Purpose] In this study, we investigated the preoperative and early postoperative health-related quality of life in patients who underwent surgical treatment for gastrointestinal cancer and also the factors that affect postoperative health-related quality of life. [Participants and Methods] The study included 198 patients who underwent elective surgery for gastrointestinal cancer (129 males and 69 females, age: 65.4 ± 11.8 years). Health-related quality of life was evaluated using the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey version 2 at the following time points: 1–2 days preoperatively (baseline) and 4 weeks postoperatively. [Results] Compared with baseline levels, physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality, as well as physical, social, and emotional role functioning significantly decreased 4 weeks postoperatively. In contrast, compared with baseline levels, mental health significantly improved 4 weeks postoperatively. Physical functioning and general health evaluated 4 weeks postoperatively were significantly associated with income, baseline health-related quality of life, and the 6-minute walk test. [Conclusion] It is important to consider baseline income and health-related quality of life and increase postoperative exercise capacity to improve health-related quality of life in patients who undergo surgical treatment for gastrointestinal cancer.     

优秀游泳运动员大运动量训练期间的超声心动图测定

<正> 自1967年Feignbaum首先应用超声心动图测算心搏量以来,发展迅速,目前已广泛用于心脏功能和结构的测定。Morganroth等1975年发表题为“有训练运动员运动性左室肥大”。我国白洁心等于1979年报道了运动员超声心动图的测量分析。近几年来,国内关于运动员的超声心动图已先后发表了二十多篇文章,都是属于一次性的测定,在作横向比较时,由于仪     

脊柱侧凸患者的肺功能评价

对１０５例脊柱侧凸患者的肺功能进行检测和分析。结果表明，脊柱侧凸可引起限制型的肺通气功能障碍，肺功能减退与畸形的严重程度呈显著负相关；上胸段曲度对肺功能影响最大，下胸段曲度次之，腰段曲度影响甚微；侧凸类型对肺功能影响不明显。     

Thermal Properties of Illite-Zeolite Mixtures up to 1100 °C

Illitic clays are the commonly used material in building ceramics. Zeolites are microporous, hydrated crystalline aluminosilicates, they are widely used due to their structure and absorption properties. In this study, illitic clay (Füzérradvány, Hungary) was mixed with natural zeolite (Nižný Hrabovec, Slovakia) with up to 50 wt.% of zeolite content. The samples were submitted to thermal analyses, such as differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and dilatometry. In addition, the evolution of thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity in the heating stage of firing were measured and discussed. The amount of the physically bound water in the samples increased along with the amount of zeolite. The temperature of the illite dehydroxylation (peak temperature) was slightly shifted to lower temperatures, from 609 °C to 575 °C (for sample IZ50). On the other hand, the mass loss and the shrinkage of the samples significantly increased with the zeolite content in the samples. Sample IZ50 reached 10.8% shrinkage, while the sample prepared only from the illitic clay contracted by 5.8%. Nevertheless, the temperature of the beginning of the sintering (taken from the dilatometric curves) decreased from 1021 °C (for illitic clay) to 1005 °C (for IZ50). The thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity values decreased as the amount of zeolite increased in the samples, thus showing promising thermal insulating properties.     

The Effectiveness of a Combined Healthy Eating,Physical Activity,and Sleep Hygiene Lifestyle Intervention on Health and Fitness of Overweight Airline Pilots: A Controlled Trial

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a three-component nutrition, sleep, and physical activity (PA) program on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and health behaviors in overweight airline pilots. (2) Methods: A parallel group study was conducted amongst 125 airline pilots. The intervention group participated in a 16-week personalized healthy eating, sleep hygiene, and PA program. Outcome measures of objective health (maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max), body mass, skinfolds, girths, blood pressure, resting heart rate, push-ups, plank hold) and self-reported health (weekly PA, sleep quality and duration, fruit and vegetable intake, and self-rated health) were collected at baseline and post-intervention. The wait-list control completed the same assessments. (3) Results: Significant group main effects in favor of the intervention group were found for all outcome measures (p < 0.001) except for weekly walking (p = 0.163). All objective health measures significantly improved in the intervention group when compared to the control group (p < 0.001, d = 0.41–1.04). Self-report measures (moderate-to-vigorous PA, sleep quality and duration, fruit and vegetable intake, and self-rated health) significantly increased in the intervention group when compared to the control group (p < 0.001, d = 1.00–2.69). (4) Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that a personalized 16-week healthy eating, PA, and sleep hygiene intervention can elicit significant short-term improvements in physical and mental health outcomes among overweight airline pilots. Further research is required to examine whether the observed effects are maintained longitudinally.