益母草化学成分与药理作用研究进展

益母草Leonurus japonicas为临床常用大宗药材,具有活血调经、利水消肿、清热解毒的功效,常用于血滞经闭、痛经、经行不畅、水肿、小便不畅等病症。目前从益母草中已分离得到120余个化合物,包括生物碱、二萜、黄酮、苯乙醇苷、苯丙素、香豆素、三萜、有机酸、挥发油等类成分。益母草及其所含化学成分对子宫、心血管系统、血液、肾脏等有不同程度的作用,查阅近20年来的国内外文献,对益母草中已分离得到的化学成分与药理作用进行归纳总结,以期为益母草今后的研究开发提供参考。     

餐具洗洁精对小鼠肝脏解毒功能的影响

[目的]为了探讨洗涤剂对肝脏内不同抗氧化酶以及解毒系统Ⅰ阶段重要的酶7-乙氧基。3。异吩恶唑酮．脱乙基酶(皿oD)的影响。[方法]4周龄的小鼠饮用不同浓度的餐具洗洁精染毒，测定其肝脏谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)EROD。[结果]≥31mg／L各浓度组的GR活力在染毒第4天和第8天时显著低于对照组；GSH-Px活性在第4天时高于对照组，而第8天未见明显影响；EROD活力在染毒第8天时显著低于对照组。上述各指标在第12天时均未见改变。[结论]在染毒8d内，餐具洗洁精对小鼠肝脏抗氧化能力和解毒系统酶产生影响。     

海洋中药厚藤的化学成分及药理活性研究进展

厚藤Ipomoea pes-caprae为旋花科(Convolvulaceae)番薯属植物,是一种生长于滨海滩涂的海洋植物药,不仅是我国南方沿海民间常用海洋中药和京族习用植物药,同时,也是澳大利亚、墨西哥、泰国、巴西、巴基斯坦等多个热带及亚热带国家的传统药用植物。其资源丰富,应用广泛。其化学成分主要包括树脂糖苷类、萜类、黄酮类、酚酸类、挥发性成分、甾体类等。现代药理研究表明厚藤具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎镇痛、抗胶原酶、抗氧化、免疫调节等多种药理活性。深入总结厚藤的化学成分及药理活性的研究现状,以期为该海洋中药的临床应用、质量控制和产品开发等提供参考。     

大豆异黄酮对动脉粥样硬化小鼠Nrf2核转位和抗氧化功能的影响

目的研究大豆异黄酮对动脉粥样硬化小鼠核因子2相关因子2(Nrf2)核转位的影响,探讨抗氧化功能在大豆异黄酮抗动脉粥样硬化中的作用。方法采用高脂饲料喂养C57BL/6J小鼠16 w建立动脉粥样硬化损伤模型,通过组织形态学、Westen blot、生化分析等方法观察大豆异黄酮干预与否对小鼠Nrf2核转位和抗氧化功能的影响。结果高脂膳食使Nrf2蛋白在核中的表达显著降低,抗氧化酶活性减弱,脂质过氧化产物增多,形成动脉粥样硬化的早期病变;大豆异黄酮能抑制动脉粥样硬化小鼠的动脉损伤,增强Nrf2蛋白在核中的表达,提高机体抗氧化功能,降低氧化应激损伤。结论大豆异黄酮能通过诱导Nrf2核转位,增强机体抗氧化功能,减轻机体氧化应激损伤,从而发挥抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

Changes in antioxidant defense status in response to cisplatin and 5-FU in esophageal carcinoma

SUMMARY.  The ability of reactive oxygen species to induce cellular damage and to cause cell death opens the possibility of exploiting this property in the treatment of esophageal cancer through a free radical mediated mechanism. The present study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the changes in the antioxidant defense status in esophageal cancer patients treated without and with neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). Forty surgically resected tissue specimens from tumors, tissue adjoining the tumors and paired macroscopically normal mucosa were obtained from esophageal cancer patients treated with or without chemo-radiotherapy. An evaluation of antioxidant defense system in the normal, adjoining and tumor esophageal tissues in response to NAT revealed decreased catalase activity in tumor and adjoining tissues as compared to their respective normal tissue levels. Similarly, decreased superoxide dismutase activity was observed in tumor tissue in response to NAT. In both the treatment groups (with and without NAT), no significant change was observed in the enzyme activity of glutathione reductase in the normal, adjoining and tumor tissues. Enhanced glutathione peroxidase activity was found in tumor tissue, as compared to the adjoining and paired normal tissue of patients after NAT. Estimation of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels showed a significant decline in GSH levels in esophageal tumors after NAT. Depletion of GSH, an endogenous antioxidant, would elevate drug sensitivity and might predispose neoplastic cells to apoptosis in response to NAT. The antioxidant enzymes in the esophageal carcinoma thus may play an important role in influencing the final outcome upon NAT course.     

Effects of white and red wine on endothelial function in subjects with coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: Levels of anti-oxidant polyphenols are higher in red than in white wine and are thought to contribute to the reduced cardiovascular risk associated with moderate consumption of wine observed in epidemiological studies. AIM: To compare the acute effects of acute ingestion of white and red wine on endothelial function in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Fourteen subjects with proven CAD were randomised to consume white and red wine with a light meal in a single blind cross-over study. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery was measured using high-resolution ultrasonography. Endothelial function, lipid profile, plasma alcohol and polyphenols were measured at baseline, 60 and 360 min after wine consumption. RESULTS: At baseline, FMD was similar (white wine 1.6 +/- 1.9%, red wine 1.8 +/- 1.7%). At 360 min after ingestion of wine there was no difference in FMD, which improved nearly threefold after both wines (white wine 4.7 +/- 2.2%, red wine 3.4 +/- 2.9%; P = 0.002). There was no detectable change in plasma polyphenol levels after either wine. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that wine acutely improves endothelial function in patients with CAD. This improved endothelial function might contribute to a reduced risk of cardiovascular events.     

植物激素及木质素对牛樟芝菌丝体生长情况的影响

目的探究植物激素及木质素对牛樟芝菌丝体生长情况的影响,并对其培养产物进行粗多糖、粗三萜含量及抗氧化活性测定研究。方法采用皿式培养法培育牛樟芝,超声提取培养产物,选用苯酚-硫酸法测定粗多糖含量、香草醛-冰醋酸法测定粗三萜含量,并以DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的半数清除浓度(IC_(50))作为培养产物抗氧化活性的评价指标。结果菌种活化方法为培养20 d后靠近菌丝层边缘取样,可获得生长活力好的接种原料;改良PCA培养基上牛樟芝菌丝长势较好、粗三萜及粗多糖含量高;以改良PCA培养基为基础,向其中添加0.5g/L木质素时菌丝生长最快,菌丝层直径为对照组的1.19倍;当IBA添加质量浓度为0.5 mg/L时,菌丝体干质量较对照组增加了89.51%,粗多糖产量较对照组提升了130.57%,远高于其他组别,与此同时,菌丝体粗三萜含量及产量也显著提升,其含量较对照组提高了61.31%,粗三萜产量达到133.24mg/L;添加牛樟树粉末0.5 g/L时,菌丝体粗三萜含量最高,为5.62%,较对照组提升了84.26%;此外,向培养基中加入植物激素及木质素对牛樟芝菌丝体的抗氧化能力提升有一定作用,整体来说加入不同物质后实验组抗氧化活性良好。结论通过向改良PCA培养基中添加植物激素及木质素,可有效促进牛樟芝菌丝体生长、提高活性成分含量并提升其抗氧化活性。     

老瓜头生物总碱对气囊滑膜炎大梭的抗炎和抗氧化作用

目的研究老瓜头生物总碱对气囊滑膜炎大鼠的抗炎和抗氧化作用。方法采用大鼠角叉菜胶气囊滑膜炎模型,分别观察老瓜头生物总碱2、4、8 mg/kg对气囊渗出液量、气囊灌洗液中白细胞数、蛋白含量、一氧化氮(NO)及血清中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)含量的影响。结果与模型组相比,老瓜头生物总碱各剂量组均能降低气囊渗出液量、灌洗液中白细胞数、蛋白含量及NO含量(P<0.01),并能降低血清中MDA含量(P<0.05);老瓜头生物总碱4 mg/kg和8 mg/kg还能升高SOD活力和T-AOC(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论老瓜头生物总碱对气囊滑膜炎大鼠具有抗炎作用,其机制与其提高大鼠体内抗氧化物质的含量有关。     

龙眼多糖化学结构、构效关系与药理活性研究进展

龙眼Dimocarpus longan为药食同源中药,具有补益心脾、养血安神的功效,其富含的多糖是主要活性成分之一。通过查阅国内外文献,总结龙眼多糖及其衍生物的化学结构,发现龙眼多糖具有免疫调节、抗炎、抗氧化、抗疲劳、抗肿瘤、减轻局灶性脑缺血/再灌注损伤等多种药理活性,且龙眼多糖的化学结构与药理活性关系密切,多糖相对分子质量愈大其免疫活性愈强,化学修饰乙酰化、羧甲基化、硫酸化、磷酸酯化、碱解离可增强其药理活性,而甲基化则可降低龙眼多糖药理活性。综述龙眼多糖的化学结构、构效关系与药理活性研究进展,以期为龙眼深层次开发和利用提供理论依据。     

豨莶草总黄酮对大鼠脑缺血损伤的保护作用及其作用机制研究

目的 探讨豨莶草总黄酮对大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤的影响及其作用机制。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为6组:假手术组、模型组、银杏叶片(50 mg/kg)组及豨莶草总黄酮低、中、高剂量(5、10、20 mg/kg)组。采用线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型。观察豨莶草总黄酮对大鼠神经行为、脑梗死面积和脑组织含水量的影响。测定大鼠脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性。结果 豨莶草总黄酮可明显改善大鼠神经功能缺陷,减轻脑水肿,减少脑梗死面积,降低脑组织MDA含量,提高脑组织SOD及GSH-Px的活性。结论 豨莶草总黄酮有抗脑缺血损伤作用,作用机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关。