早期激素性股骨头缺血性坏死的实验研究

取成年健康英国罗斯鸡１５只，随机分为２组，Ｂ组为对照组，Ａ组注射大剂量甲基氢化泼尼松。结果显示，Ａ组鸡股骨头软骨下骨髓造血细胞减少，脂肪细胞肥大，骨髓水肿及空骨陷窝明显增多。对照组股骨头未见异常，提示股骨头坏死由缺血所致。     

维脑路通治疗脑外伤的动物实验和临床病例经颅多普勒研究

应用经颅多普勒超声技术观察了维脑路通注射液治疗脑外伤动物（兔）模型大脑中动脉血流速度（ＦＶｍｃａ）。此外，用同法又观察了颅脑损伤患者３例。结果发现：使用维脑路通前后兔ＦＶｍｃａ变化明显（Ｐ＜０．０５），表现为用药后兔ＦＶｍｃａ增加；临床应用也取得了同样效果。尤其明显的是用药１～３ｄ后患者即表现出意识、语言和肢体活动的好转。结果提示：维脑路通可改善颅脑损伤后的动物（兔）和患者的颅内血流状态，从而促进脑损伤后神经功能的恢复，但确切机理有待于进一步研究。     

The M3S-based electric wheelchair for the people with disabilities in Taiwan

Purpose.?This study aims to establish an electronic wheelchair system in Taiwan that conforms to multiple master–multiple slave (M3S) standards. The proposed system could enhance the safety and convenience of people with disabilities.

Material and method.?The M3S-based head-controlled electric wheelchair consists of three parts: (A) the input device, (B) the output device, and (C) the safety device. Head movement can be used as the input control to cause the tilting device to produce a corresponding level of analog voltage (backward & forward/left & right) which is then transmitted to the analogy/digital conversion module to control the output device (wheelchair's motor). Ten subjects with C5 uncompleted spinal cord injury were recruited in the clinical assessment. They were randomly assigned into groups A and B. In the group A, the subjects were assigned to operate the head-controlled wheelchair system with M3S standard before operating the head-controlled wheelchair system without M3S standard. In the group B, the subjects were assigned to operate the head-controlled wheelchair system without M3S standard before operating the head-controlled wheelchair system with M3S standard. Two subjects in the group B drop off due to their personal reasons.

Results.?The time cost for group A in completing tasks 1, 2, and 3 with the M3S and without the M3S were insignificant (p > 0.05). The time cost for completing in group B was insignificant (p > 0.05). Thus, the wheelchair operating time is depended on the proficiency of the subjects, not the M3S standard added.

Discussions and conclusions.?The time cost for subjects to operate the wheelchair was determined by their proficiency, not the M3S standard control added to the system. However, the M3S-based system did realize the safety mechanism and complex auxiliary tools with and without the plug-in and play function.     

某院47名护士长高危药物外渗相关态度技能认知调查分析

目的了解护士长对高危药物外渗态度技能知识掌握情况,为加强高危药物的风险管理提供依据,促进护理持续质量改进.方法采用自制高危药物外渗相关态度技能知识调查问卷对暨南大学附属第一医院47名护士长进行调查评定,调查内容包括高危药物外渗相关态度、技能和知识3个维度,采用SPSS 16.0统计软件进行系统描述分析.结果关于高危药物外渗态度、技能、知识的平均正确率分别为99%、75%、23%;加权后总体平均正确率为70%.不同年龄、学历、职称、工作年限的护士长问卷总体平均正确率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论护士长在高危药物外渗态度方面掌握较好,在技能和知识方面存在欠缺.作为风险管理者和质量控制者,护士长应同时重视处理高危药物外渗技能和知识方面的提高.     

Current situation of zalutumumab

Background: Increased EGFR expression has been observed in many tumours. This overexpression usually correlates with a more advanced disease stage, a poorer prognosis and a worse chemotherapy response. EGFR inhibition has been considered an attractive approach in cancer treatment. Various strategies to intervene in EGFR signalling have been developed, mainly receptor inhibition of extracellular domain using anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and receptor inhibition on the intracytoplasmic domain using small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cetuximab and panitumumab are the most developed anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies, and there is plenty of published information about their current status Objective/methods: In this review we focus on Zalutumumab, an IgG1 completely human anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody. Results/conclusions: Apart from EGFR inhibition, another anti-neoplastic effect of zalutumumab has also been postulated, mediated by immune mechanisms, specifically by antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. Zalutumumab is under clinical development, mainly for squamous cell cancer of head and neck and there are also ongoing trials in NSCLC and colorectal cancer.     

ADULT HEAD AND NECK LYMPHOMAS IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 70 CASES

Background : During a 10-year period (1986–95), 70 adult Papua New Guineans with head and neck lymphomas were seen in the 18 years-and-above age group. Methods : The clinical information was obtained from the medical records section of the Port Moresby General Hospital. Relevant treatment modalities and the follow-up data were acquired from the National Cancer Centre, Angau Memorial Hospital, Lae. Results : Of a total of 227 adult lymphomas recorded in a 10-year period, 70 cases were seen in the head and neck region. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma constituted 56 cases, which included seven cases of adult Burkitt’s-like lymphoma. Fourteen cases of Hodgkin’s lymphoma were recorded. Conclusions : In Papua New Guinea, malignant lymphomas primarily affecting the head and neck region were seen in 30.8% of all lymphomas. This constitues 2.8% of all malignancies in this region. These lymphomas appear to be more aggressive at this site. Proper tissue diagnosis and combination chemoradiotherapy are the key factors in its management.     

颈动脉间隙肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的：探讨颈动脉间隙肿瘤的MRI影象特征及其病理、解剖学基础和诊断价值。材料和方法：分析25例颈动脉间隙肿瘤的MRI征象，并与手术病理或血管造影比较。结果：多数肿瘤的病理改变或血管造影的特征能在MRI图像上反映，囊变和含丰富粘液的神经源性肿瘤T2加权像呈边界光滑的极高信号，化学感受器瘤瘤内的血管表现为扭曲条状和圆点状的极低信号，颈内动脉瘤信号分层，转移瘤边界毛糙或不清；不同来源的肿瘤与颈内、外动脉或颈总动脉和颈内静脉的位置关系有解剖上的相关性，有利于准确的定位和鉴别诊断；25例中术前诊断正确22例（88％）。结论：MRI对颈动脉间隙肿瘤的定位和定性具有重要的诊断价值，结合病史可减少误诊。     

成人股骨头缺血坏死的X线、CT及静脉造影分析

目的：加深和提高对股骨头缺血性坏死的认识。方法：本组１２例，２３髋做了骨髓静脉造影。结果：Ｘ线、ＣＴ表现０期者，旋股内、外侧静脉显影好，而股骨颈后静脉及臀静脉显影差或不显影，Ⅰ—Ⅳ期者也有少数旋股内、外侧静脉显影好者，表明这两条静脉是主要回流静脉。骨干返流，滋养静脉显影在Ⅱ、Ⅲ期多见，Ⅳ期者少见。造影剂滞流情况，０期者注入造影剂５ｍｉｎ后基本排空，Ⅰ期以上者大部分在１５ｍｉｎ后仍有大量滞流。造影剂进入股骨头毁损区的很难排空。结论：Ｘ线、ＣＴ表现０—Ⅰ期的静脉造影可发现回流障碍，有利于早期诊断。一般分期越重，回流静脉出现越少，滞流越明显，但也有病变较重者，５ｍｉｎ大部分排空，可能与晚期静脉侧枝循环改善有关。造影剂进入骨毁损区很难排空与局部血运有关     

不同气温和体力负荷下身体各部位体表温度的变化

研究了几种气温、同一活动水平以及相同气温、不同体力负荷下的各部位体表温度变化。实验结果表明:(1)进一步确认在同一气温下头颈部皮肤温度分布的不均匀性,并表明各部位受气温的影响程度也不尽相同。(2)在同一气温下头颈部及身体其它部位的皮肤温度变化并不与体力负荷程度呈特定关系,并分析了产生这一现象的原因。(3)根据下肢为主的体力负荷对全身体表温度的影响情况,认为个体调温装备的区域性流量分配比例随身体活动形式改变而改变的必要性并不很大。由此,可以减少服装设计的复杂性。