The normal width of the linea alba in nulliparous women

The function of the linea alba is to maintain the abdominal muscles at a certain proximity to each other. In the case of long‐lasting increased intra‐abdominal pressure, the linea alba widens. Yet, as the existence of the linea a priori implicates a physiological distance between the two rectus muscles, the question arises as to what the normal width of the linea alba is. To evaluate the normal width of the linea alba, we examined 150 nulliparous women between 20 and 45 years of age with a body mass index < 30 kg m^?2 by ultrasound at three reference points: the origin at the xiphoid and 3 cm above and 2 cm below the umbilicus. The examination revealed a broad range of widths at the three reference points. The linea was widest at 3 cm above the umbilicus (?35 mm), followed by the reference point 2 cm below the umbilicus (?31 mm) and the origin at the xiphoid (?31 mm). The mean width was 7 ± 5 mm at the xiphoid and 13 ± 7 mm above and 8 ± 6 mm below the umbilicus. For the definition of the normal width of the linea, the 10th and 90th percentiles were taken. The linea alba can be considered “normal” up to a width of 15 mm at the xiphoid, up to 22 mm at the reference point 3 cm above the umbilicus and up to 16 mm at the reference point 2 cm below the umbilicus in nulliparous women. Clin. Anat. 22:706–711, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Pharmacokinetic properties of albiflorin and paeoniflorin after oral administration of pure compound,Radix Paeoniae alba extract and Danggui-Shaoyao-San extract to rats

This study compared the pharmacokinetics of albiflorin (ALB) and paeoniflorin (PAE), respectively, after oral administration of ALB, PAE, Radix Paeoniae alba (RPA) extract, and Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) extract to rats on separate occasions. Analytes were detected simultaneously with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. After oral administration of RPA and DSS extract to rats, ALB reached maximum concentrations of 4637 ± 2774 ng/ml (0.40 ± 0.14 h) and 226 ± 122 ng/ml (0.35 ± 0.14 h) and PAE reached maximum concentrations of 2132 ± 560 ng/ml (0.40 ± 0.14 h) and 143 ± 65 ng/ml (0.45 ± 0.11 h), respectively. Compared to the AUC_0 ? t value (1122 ± 351 and 722 ± 158 ng h/ml for ALB and PAE, respectively) after administration of monomers, larger AUC_0 ? t value of ALB (4755 ± 2560 ng h/ml) and PAE (2259 ± 910 ng h/ml) after administration of RPA extract and smaller AUC_0 ? t value of ALB (411 ± 118 ng h/ml) and PAE (242 ± 126 ng h/ml) after administration of DSS extract were obtained. The C _max, AUC, and K _el of ALB and PAE were remarkably increased (P < 0.05, 0.01 or 0.005) during oral administration of RPA extract in comparison to that of DSS extract.     

须根自然腐解对白花丹参生长及其活性成分含量的影响

研究须根在自然腐解的条件下对白花丹参产量及其活性成分含量的影响,利用HPLC测定丹参中活性成分的含量。结果表明,须根腐解使丹参的单株平均产量分别降低了38.60%(20 g),30.99%(40 g);少量的须根(20 g)腐解能够使丹参中二氢丹参酮、隐丹参酮的含量提高26.08%,22.64%;而40 g的须根腐解则显著降低丹参中二氢丹参酮、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮Ⅱ_A的含量,与对照相比,分别降低60.87%,79.24%,84.61%,88.99%,脂溶性成分总含量降低86.27%。不同浓度的须根腐解能够使丹参中丹酚酸B含量显著提高 4.98%(20 g),23.64%(40g);迷迭香酸的含量分别提高62.44%(20g),119%(40g),须根腐解量与水溶性成分含量呈显著正相关。研究结果表明,连作条件下残留的须根对丹参的生长和活性成分的含量有显著的影响,须根腐解能够显著降低丹参的生物量及脂溶性成分的含量,可能为丹参连作障碍形成的重要因素。     

白花丹参对促脑缺血再灌注后神经元再生的影响

摘要：目的：通过白花丹参干预大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注动物模型,探讨白花丹参对脑缺血再灌注后脑细胞再生及再生神经细胞分化的影响及影响机制。方法：采用线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,给予白花丹参干预,分别从脑血流量、脑细胞凋亡率、新生脑细胞数量及新生神经细胞的分化等指标,观察白花丹参的脑保护作用及保护机制。结果：白花丹参具有增加脑血流量、降低脑细胞凋亡率、促进脑细胞再生及再生神经细胞的分化的作用。结论：缺血性脑损伤时白花丹参能显著的再加脑血流量、降低脑细胞凋亡率、促进脑细胞再生及再生神经细胞的分化。     

The role of polar phytocomplexes on anticonvulsant effects of leaf extracts of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown chemotypes

Objectives The purpose of the present work was to characterize the pharmacological profile of different L. alba chemotypes and to correlate the obtained data to the presence of chemical constituents detected by phytochemical analysis. Methods Essential oils from each L. alba chemotype (LP1—LP7) were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and extracted non‐volatile compounds were analysed by HPLC and GC‐MS. The anticonvulsant actions of the extracted compounds were studied in pentylenetetrazole‐induced clonic seizures in mice and their effect on motor coordination was studied using the rota‐rod test in rats. The synaptosomes and synaptic membranes of the rats were examined for the influence of LP3 chemotype extract on GABA uptake and binding experiments. Key findings Behavioural parameters encompassed by the pentylenetetrazole test indicated that 80% ethanolic extracts of LP1, LP3 and LP6 L. alba chemotypes were more effective as anticonvulsant agents. Neurochemical assays using synaptosomes and synaptic membranes showed that L. alba LP3 chemotype 80% ethanolic extract inhibited GABA uptake and GABA binding in a dose‐dependent manner. HPLC analysis showed that LP1, LP3 and LP6 80% ethanolic extracts presented a similar profile of constituents, differing from those seen in LP2, LP4, LP5 and LP7 80% ethanolic extracts, which exhibited no anticonvulsant effect. GC‐MS analysis indicated the occurrence of phenylpropanoids in methanolic fractions obtained from LP1, LP3 and LP6 80% ethanolic extracts and also the accumulation of inositol and flavonoids in hydroalcoholic fractions. Conclusions Our results suggest that the anticonvulsant properties shown by L. alba might be correlated to the presence of a complex of non‐volatile substances (phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and/or inositols), and also to the volatile terpenoids (β‐myrcene, citral, limonene and carvone), which have been previously validated as anticonvulsants.     

HPLC法比较不同产地桑叶药材品质差异

目的:研究不同产地桑叶药材的品质差异,探讨产地、基原对桑叶品质的影响。方法:建立桑叶药材的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法:色谱柱为Phenomenex Luna C18(2)(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.5%磷酸(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为320nm。比较不同样品的HPLC图谱相似度,并进行聚类分析。结果:不同产地桑叶药材化学成分的组成与含量有较大差异。结论:桑叶药材的品质与产地、基原有较明显的相关性。     

桑叶总黄酮的提取纯化工艺研究

目的:优选桑叶总黄酮的提取纯化工艺。方法:采用正交设计法优选提取条件,以大孔树脂柱层析纯化。结果:最佳工艺条件为用20倍原料质量的60%乙醇,80℃超声提取40min。结论:所得工艺具有较好提取效果,可为工业化生产提供理论依据。     

Pitfalls in retromuscular mesh repair for incisional hernia: The importance of the “fatty triangle”

Open retromuscular mesh repair has become a standard procedure in incisional hernia repair. This technique led to a significant decrease of recurrences. Recurrences after this technique typically occur at the upper mesh border and are a result of the technical complexity of reaching the postulated underlay of 5 cm in the region of the linea alba. We performed an anatomical study in human corpses to investigate the abdominal wall with its different structures, with emphasis on the overlap of the mesh under the linea alba. The overlap can be achieved by incision of the posterior lamina of the rectus sheath, on both sides close to the linea alba. The incision opens the preperitoneal space and appears in the shape of a fatty triangle. The anterior lamina of the rectus sheath above the hernia defect remains intact and facilitates a sufficient thrust bearing for a retromuscular mesh implantation. Knowledge of the anatomy and preparation of the fatty triangle enables a mesh positioning according to the principles of retromuscular mesh repair.     

桑白皮黄酮化学成分的研究

目的分离并鉴定桑白皮Morus alba L.丙酮提取物的化学成分.方法利用各种色谱方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定.结果得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为2',4',5-三羟基-3-(y,y,γ-羟基-二甲基)丙基-2″,2″-二甲基吡喃-5″,6″:6,7-黄酮(1,morusignin L)、6,4'-二甲氧基-5,7,3'-三羟基异黄酮(2)、7-甲氧基-5,4'-二羟基二氢黄酮醇(3)、6-甲氧基-5,7,4'-三羟基异黄酮(4).结论化合物2、3、4为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)含量

目的:建立桑叶药材中1脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)的高效液相色谱荧光检测法的含量测定方法。并对不同生长季节和生长环境桑叶药材的DNJ含量进行测定。方法:桑叶经0.05mol·L^-1盐酸提取,在pH8.5的硼酸盐缓冲液条件下,用芴甲氧酰氯(FMOC Cl)与DNJ反应生成荧光产物,然后用高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定。液相条件为HiQSiLC₁₈分析柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈0.1%醋酸(55∶45),流速1.0mL·min^-1,柱温25℃,荧光检测器激发波长254nm,发射波长322nm。结果:DNJ与其他组分分离效果较好,线性范围为0.567～34μg·mL^-1(r=0.9998),加样回收率为97.2%。结论:桑叶中DNJ含量与环境因素、温度及生长季节有关,该方法可作为桑叶药材的质量控制方法。