响应曲面法优化桑枝多糖提取工艺

目的:利用响应曲面法优化桑枝多糖的提取工艺。方法:以桑枝多糖得率为指标,采用单因素和响应曲面法对提取温度、提取时间、料液比和提取次数进行考察,优选最佳提取工艺。结果:最佳提取工艺条件为提取温度100℃、料液比1:20、浸提时间2.5h、提取2次,实际测得的多糖得率为6.15%,与模型预测值基本相符。结论:模型可较好地预测桑枝多糖的得率,响应曲面法对桑枝多糖提取条件参数优化具有可行性。     

顽痹清丸与白芍总苷胶囊治疗湿毒瘀热型类风湿关节炎的对比研究

目的:比较顽痹清丸与白芍总苷胶囊治疗湿毒瘀热型类风湿关节炎的临床疗效。方法:将60例湿毒瘀热型类风湿关节炎患者随机分为2组,治疗组患者(40例)采用口服顽痹清丸联合右旋布洛芬胶囊、甲氨蝶呤片和来氟米特片治疗,对照组患者(20例)采用白芍总苷胶囊联合右旋布洛芬胶囊、甲氨蝶呤片和来氟米特片治疗。治疗2个疗程后比较2组患者血沉,C反应蛋白、类风湿因子、肿瘤坏死因子α、白介素-1的血清含量,关节疼痛评分变化情况及总体疗效。结果:1急性期反应物、炎性细胞因子及关节疼痛评分。治疗2个疗程后,治疗组血沉、C反应蛋白、类风湿因子、肿瘤坏死因子α、白介素-1及关节疼痛视觉模拟评分均较治疗前降低[(69.30±35.20)mm·h-1,(42.40±29.20)mm·h-1,t=3.305,P=0.001;(42.40±33.00)mg·L-1,(12.00±14.80)mg·L-1,t=5.846,P=0.000;(131.10±93.90)IU·m L-1,(91.70±71.50)IU·m L-1,t=2.161,P=0.034;(124.80±31.20)pg·m L-1,(110.00±28.70)pg·m L-1,t=3.198,P=0.002;(33.10±7.39)ug·g-1,(29.50±8.59)ug·g-1,t=4.561,P=0.000;(6.12±0.89)分,(3.46±1.44)分,t=4.482,P=0.005],对照组血沉、C反应蛋白、类风湿因子、肿瘤坏死因子α、白介素-1及关节疼痛视觉模拟评分均较治疗前降低[(58.50±33.70)mm·h-1,(41.70±27.80)mm·h-1,t=2.206,P=0.034;(31.70±28.00)mg·L-1,(13.80±16.70)mg·L-1,t=2.449,P=0.019;(159.30±83.80)IU·m L-1,(105.00±53.70)IU·m L-1,t=2.569,P=0.014;(114.20±32.70)pg·m L-1,(117.60±31.80)pg·m L-1,t=2.038,P=0.049;(35.80±8.26)ug·g-1,(34.90±8.03)ug·g-1,t=2.509,P=0.016;(5.85±1.12)分,(3.75±1.18)分,t=2.850,P=0.007];2组C反应蛋白、类风湿因子、肿瘤坏死因子α比较,差异均无统计学意义[(33.20±32.80)mg·L-1,(17.80±33.70)mg·L-1,t=1.687,P=0.097;(39.30±55.20)IU·m L-1,(53.40±69.90)IU·m L-1,t=-0.848,P=0.400;(12.80±39.10)pg·m L-1,(-3.40±41.50)pg·m L-1,t=1.485,P=0.143];治疗组血沉、白介素-1及关节疼痛视觉模拟评分下降幅度均大于对照组[(26.80±31.50)mm·h-1,(7.70±35.60)mm·h-1,t=2.121,P=0.038;(2.25±1.30)ug·g-1,(0.80±0.81)ug·g-1,t=2.117,P=0.039;(3.11±1.94)分,(2.10±1.58)分,t=2.014,P=0.049]。2临床疗效。治疗2个疗程后,按照西医疗效标准,治疗组达到ACR70标准8例、达到ACR50标准16例、达到ACR20标准11例、未达到ACR20标准5例,对照组达到ACR70标准3例、达到ACR50标准5例、达到ACR20标准5例、未达到ACR20标准7例;治疗组疗效优于对照组(Z=-5.455,P=0.000)。按照中医疗效标准,治疗组临床控制6例、显效15例、有效12例、无效7例,对照组临床控制3例、显效6例、有效5例、无效6例;治疗组疗效优于对照组(Z=-5.864,P=0.000)。结论:分别采用顽痹清丸与白芍总苷胶囊,联合非甾体抗炎药及改善病情的抗风湿药治疗湿毒瘀热型类风湿关节炎,均可以有效降低急性期反应物水平及炎性细胞因子水平,缓解关节疼痛;但是,顽痹清丸联合非甾体抗炎药及改善病情的抗风湿药在降低血沉、白介素-1水平,缓解关节疼痛及临床疗效方面,优于白芍总苷胶囊联合非甾体抗炎药及改善病情的抗风湿药,值得临床推广应用。     

基于高通量测序的紫花丹参与白花丹参根际真菌群落结构研究

目的:通过分析紫花丹参与白花丹参根际土壤真菌群落结构与差异性物种组成,为研究丹参根际微生态提供科学依据。方法:该研究以同一地块种植的紫花丹参与白花丹参的根际真菌为研究对象,采用ITS高通量测序技术研究其菌落特征及差异性物种。结果:紫花丹参与白花丹参在根际真菌上群落结构上存在显著差异。盘菌纲、盘菌目与肉座菌科为其二者的差异性物钟。结论:紫花丹参与白花丹参对根际真菌的定殖具有选择性。     

醋白芍、炙甘草及其配伍载体中药效组分变化规律分析

目的:研究醋白芍、炙甘草及其配伍载体中醋白芍及炙甘草药效组分的变化规律。方法:以醋白芍、炙甘草单味药及其药对为研究对象,采用水煎煮法制备供试品溶液,采用HPLC法测定。结果:醋白芍4种药效组分(氧化芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、苯甲酰芍药苷)含量分别为:醋白芍(1.07±0.12、0.36±0.02、2.00±0.21、0.37±0.03)mg/m L;醋白芍-甘草(1.89±0.11、0.86±0.05、3.25±0.13、0.52±0.03)mg/m L;醋白芍-炙甘草(1.90±0.09、0.87±0.04、3.30±0.24、0.52±0.01)mg/m L。炙甘草五种药效组分(甘草酸、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草苷、异甘草素)含量分别为:炙甘草(6.53±0.25、2.17±0.33、0.52±0.21、0.48±0.23、0.09±0.03、9.79±0.65)mg/m L;炙甘草-焦白芍(5.13±0.32、2.11±0.21、0.47±0.12、0.57±0.22、0.12±0.02、8.40±0.75)mg/m L;炙甘草-炒白芍(6.47±0.33、2.67±0.23、0.56±0.23、0.60±0.23、0.12±0.01、10.42±0.78)mg/m L;炙甘草-醋白芍(8.76±0.35、3.10±0.43、0.79±0.32、0.76±0.34、0.15±0.05、13.56±0.99)mg/m L。结论:配伍影响或改变了药效组分的物理、化学性质,进而改变了药效组分的溶出,最终改变了药效组分在复方汤剂中存在状态。中药治疗作用的关键在于药效组分,包括药效组分的组成及各药效组分之间的比例。药效组分的组成不同,疗效也不同;药效组分的组成相同,但比例不同,疗效也不一样。不同组成的药效组分或不同比例的药效组分分别代表不同的中药,具有不同的临床疗效,其根源在于药效组分的不同,应加以区分。因此,对中药药效组分的研究与探讨是解析中药配伍机制的关键。     

酸性染料比色法测定白芥子中总生物碱的含量

目的-建立白芥子中总生物碱含量测定的方法。方法：采用酸性染料比色法测定白芥子中总生物碱含量。结果：酸性染料比色法显色的条件为pH4．2的缓冲液10mL,0．04％的溴甲酚绿溶液2．0mL,三氯甲烷萃取4次,每次5mL,检测波长332nm。芥子碱硫氰酸盐在1．696～16．960μg·mL。与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率99．75％,RSD=1．16％（n=6）。结论：该方法灵敏度高,准确性,重现性好。     

Efficacy and Safety of White Willow Bark (Salix alba) Extracts

Willow bark extract has been used for thousands of years as an anti‐inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic. In spite of its long history of use, relatively few human and animal studies have been published that confirm anecdotal observations. A small number of clinical studies have been conducted that support the use of willow bark extracts in chronic lower back and joint pain and osteoarthritis. Willow bark extracts also are widely used in sports performance and weight loss products presumably because of anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activities, although no human studies have been published that specifically and directly document beneficial effects. In recent years, various in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that the anti‐inflammatory activity of willow bark extract is associated with down regulation of the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor‐α and nuclear factor‐kappa B. Although willow bark extracts are generally standardized to salicin, other ingredients in the extracts including other salicylates as well as polyphenols, and flavonoids may also play prominent roles in the therapeutic actions. Adverse effects appear to be minimal as compared to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs including aspirin. The primary cause for concern may relate to allergic reactions in salicylate‐sensitive individuals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Oxyresveratrol,a Stilbene Compound from Morus alba L. Twig Extract Active Against Trichophyton rubrum

Morus alba L. (mulberry) twig is known to have an inhibitory effect on pathogens in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, the dermophytic fungus, Trichophyton rubrum, was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of total M. alba twig extract and extracts obtained using solvents with different polarities by the method of 96‐well MTT colorimetry. The main active substance was isolated and identified by tracking its activity. In addition, the inhibitory effects of active extracts and a single active substance were investigated in combination with miconazole nitrate. Our data indicated that ethyl acetate extracts of mulberry twig (TEE) exhibited a desired inhibitory activity on T. rubrum with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.000 mg/mL. With activity tracking, the main substance showing antimicrobial activity was oxyresveratrol (OXY), which was isolated from TEE. Its MIC for inhibiting the growth of T. rubrum was 0.500 mg/mL. The combined use of miconazole nitrate and OXY showed a synergistic inhibitory effect, as shown by a significant decrease in the MIC of both components. Based on the OXY content in TEE, the contribution rate of OXY to the inhibitory effect of TEE on T. rubrum was 80.52%, so it was determined to be the main antimicrobial substance in M. alba twig. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

犊牛白痢的防治方法

白痢是犊牛的一种常见病。该病是由大肠杆菌所引起,主要通过消化道感染。过食、感冒、饮水不洁、食物急变、过早采食青贮料、圈舍湿冷等原因可诱发白痢。本文就犊牛白痢的流行特点、诊断及防治措施等方面进行了探讨,希望对广大养殖户防治犊牛白痢有所裨益。     

白芍方药以及白芍总苷镇痛功效及其机理研究进展

目的 综述古籍中对白芍镇痛功效的记载，以及近年来阐述白芍镇痛功效与机理的研究，为其临床应用和效应机制的深入研究提供参考依据。方法 查阅古籍和近年有关白芍镇痛功效的文献报道，并进行归纳、分析和总结。结果 历代诸多医家及著作均有对白芍镇痛功效与主治的详细描述。临床研究证实白芍方药及其提取物白芍总苷对于腰腿痛、内脏痛、头痛、癌性疼痛等痛证疗效确切，副作用少。基础实验表明，白芍及其提取物可通过调节前列腺素、相关受体和信号转导通路等多种途径发挥镇痛作用，还可拮抗吗啡等西药镇痛耐受，与甘草、川乌、马钱子等中药配伍后，还具有一定的增效减毒作用。结论 白芍在治疗多种痛证方面疗效显著，机制复杂，具有很好的发展潜力和很高的研究价值，有待进一步探索发掘。