Trace metals in air samples collected from the cities of Kuwait and Riyadh after the Gulf war

In an effort to assess the environmental impact of the burning oil wells in Kuwait, we measured metals such as lead (pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), and beryllium (Be) in the air samples collected from the cities of Kuwait and Riyadh, by flame‐less atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The data did not show an alarming increase in airborne metals during the months of May, when 530 oil wells were burning compared to November and October when all but 29 wells were already capped. Although the cumulative effects of prolonged exposure to certain metals that entered the food chain and water sources cannot be ruled out, the airborne metals, as measured, were surprisingly low.     

层流洁净技术在烧伤治疗中的应用

目的 探索层流洁净技术治疗大面积烧伤的价值。方法 对室内空气及创面进行细菌培养；监测病房使用时间的细菌微粒数比较，各洁净级别杀菌率。不同级别地点细菌培养结果比较。结果 千级以上层流病房细菌培养为“0”，与普通病房对照有较大差别，患者死亡率明显降低，疗程缩短，医疗费用下降，手术植皮及其他伤口均达Ⅰ期愈合，无交叉感染。结论 层流洁净病房应用于烧伤治疗，疗效非常满意。     

作业场所空气中氢化三联苯的紫外分光光度法测定

目的　测定作业场所空气中氢化三联苯。方法　空气中氢化三联苯用 4 0 %乙醇水溶液吸收采集 ,紫外分光光度法定量测定。结果　方法的检测限为 0 87mg m3,当标准溶液浓度为 0～ 2 0mg L时 ,相对标准偏差为 4 6 %～ 2 3% ,线性范围为 0～ 4 0mg m3。采样效率为 97 3% ,样品在采样管中稳定时间为 7天。结论　通过现场试验 ,该方法简易、快速、准确可靠 ,各项试验指标均符合劳动卫生监测要求 ,适用于作业场所空气中氢化三联苯的测定     

空气净化器对甲醛净化效果评价时间和测定间隔的研究

目的　提出空气净化器对甲醛净化效果评价的时间和测定间隔。方法　在 30m3和 1 5m3测试舱中进行自然衰减试验和甲醛去除效果试验。结果　自然衰减测试时间为 2 5小时 ,测定间隔为 15分钟 ;总衰减测试时间为 1 2小时 ,测定间隔为 5分钟。当空气净化器风量 <30m3 h或评价无风量空气净化产品时 ,可在 1 5m3测试舱中进行评价 ,自然衰减和总衰减的测试时间均为 6 4min ,测定间隔为 8分钟。结论　不同类型空气净化器对甲醛净化效果评价的测定时间和测定间隔不同     

医疗单位手术室微生物动态变化对医院感染影响的探讨

目的　了解手术过程中手术室空气微生物动态变化及其对医院感染的影响。方法　选择 5所医院的手术室 ,于春夏秋冬 4个季节 ,分别在手术室消毒后使用前、患者进入手术室后、麻醉 消毒 铺单等准备阶段、手术开始后 1h和 2h、手术终末等 6个时段 ,采用沉降法进行空气采样。结果　春夏秋冬手术室空气微生物含量平均值和标准差为 :91 7.1 3± 5 78.73,92 2 .30± 5 94 .4 9,6 33.5 3± 2 96 .2 3,4 73.31± 2 0 5 .0 5。手术过程中各时段 (按方法中顺序 )空气微生物含量平均值和标准差分别为 :1 78.4 5± 1 0 3.1 2 ,5 0 1 .6 3± 1 5 2 .2 0 ,896 .0 5± 2 95 .5 3,6 31 .5 2±1 85 .87,973.5 1± 4 84 .5 2 ,1 2 38.32± 5 6 6 .2 8。结论　春夏季微生物含量较高。随着手术进程的开展 ,微生物含量呈上升趋势 ,当空气中微生物含量≥ 1 70 0CFU/m3 ,医院感染相关性增大。手术室人员量及外环境对空气中微生物变化有一定影响     

Acute effects of urban ambient air pollution on respiratory symptoms, asthma medication use, and doctor visits for asthma in a cohort of Australian children

We enrolled a cohort of primary school children with a history of wheeze (n=148) in an 11-month longitudinal study to examine the relationship between ambient air pollution and respiratory morbidity. We obtained daily air pollution (ozone, particulate matter less than 10 microm, and nitrogen dioxide), meteorological, and pollen data. One hundred twenty-five children remained in the final analysis. We used logistic regression models to determine associations between air pollution and respiratory symptoms, asthma medication use, and doctor visits for asthma. There were no associations between ambient ozone concentrations and respiratory symptoms, asthma medication use, and doctor visits for asthma. There was, however, an association between PM(10) concentrations and doctor visits for asthma (RR=1.11, 95% CI=1.04-1.19) and between NO(2) concentration and wet cough (RR=1.05, 95% CI=1.003-1.10) in single-pollutant models. The associations remained significant in multipollutant models. There was no consistent evidence that children with wheeze, positive histamine challenge, and doctor diagnosis of asthma reacted differently to air pollution from children with wheeze and doctor diagnosis of asthma and children with wheeze only. There were significant associations between PM(10) levels and doctor visits for asthma and an association between NO(2) levels and the prevalence of wet cough. We were, however, unable to demonstrate that current levels of ambient air pollution in western Sydney have a coherent range of adverse health effects on children with a history of wheezing.     

Ethylene oxide exposure

Summary Occupational exposure to ethylene oxide (ETO) was studied in ten workers employed in a hospital sterilizer unit by testing environmental air, alveolar air and blood during and at the end of the workshift. Alveolar (Ca) and blood (Cb) ETO concentrations were correlated with each other (r = 0.744, na = 36, P < 0.001) and both with the environmental (Ci) concentrations (r = 0.947, n = 144, P < 0.001; r = 0.827, n = 36, P < 0.001). The alveolar retention of ETO (1-Ca/Ci) was equal to 75–80% of the inhaled ETO. In comparison with a blood/air partition coefficient equal in vitro to 90 (SD = 20), the mean Cb/Ca ratio found in the exposed workers was equal to 12–17. During work the blood ETO concentration was, on average, three times the environmental ETO concentration.     

上海市松江区大气污染与脑卒中急性期死亡的关联性分析

[目的]探究大气污染与脑卒中急性期死亡的关联性,以及大气污染环境中脑卒中急性期死亡的易感人群情况.[方法]汇总上海市松江区2012—2014年大气污染数据,并收集户籍人口脑卒中急性期死亡的全部病例,采用时间分层-病例交叉设计方法分析两者间关系,并确立易感人群.[结果]共纳入了514例脑卒中急性期死亡病例.研究期间内,P...     

水泥厂粉尘污染与健康

通过水泥厂粉尘污染的监测和实地调查表明:水泥厂粉尘粒径小于2微米的占61.0%,小于5微米占92.9%,可见尘粒小,分散度高,对人群健康危害性大,灰尘自然沉降量夏秋高于冬春,均以立窑点含量(分别为240.4550吨/平方公里·月和227.0514吨/平方公里·月)最高,其次是窑尾点(分别为214.5139吨/平方公里·月和153.4192吨/平方公里·月).大气 TSP(总悬浮微粒)一次最高浓度与日平均最高浓度均越过国家大气环境二级标准.一日时点变化以8时和18时浓度最高,13时最低;空间分布仍以立窑点浓度最高.调查发现,该地区人群中上呼吸道疾病占67.5%,其余为眼疾、慢性鼻炎,慢性咽喉炎、中耳炎、肺功能低下等疾患,表明该厂粉尘已危害人群健康,故发展水泥生产的同时,应千方百计防止环境污染.     

从元气、谷气、清气析保健养生

养气是保健养生的重要内容，保精护肾增元气，调养脾胃增谷气，调节呼吸增清气，以达增强正气而健康长寿的目的。