A型肉毒毒素预防性治疗偏头痛有效性及安全性的随机对照试验的meta分析

目的评价A型肉毒毒素预防性治疗偏头痛的有效性和安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、SinoMed (CBM)、中国知网、万方等数据库中相关随机对照试验(RCT),采用Review manager 5. 3软件对数据进行meta分析。结果共纳入12项RCT,纳入4131例患者。meta分析结果显示,与安慰剂组比较,A型肉毒毒素组在平均每月偏头痛发作频率减少方面无明显差异(MD=-0. 1,95%CI:0. 41-0. 21,P=0. 53)。按偏头痛类型进行亚组分析后结果显示,A型肉毒毒素组在亚组慢性偏头痛组平均每月偏头痛发作频率减少方面优于安慰剂组(MD=-0. 43,95%CI:-0. 70～-0. 17,P=0. 001);而在亚组发作性偏头痛组,A型肉毒毒素组和安慰剂组在每月平均偏头痛发作频率减少方面无明显差异(MD=0. 08,95%CI:-0. 16～0. 33; P=0. 51)。与安慰剂组相比,A型肉毒毒素组平均每月偏头痛天数减少、平均每月急性头痛用药日数减少、生活质量量表评分改善情况等方面均优于安慰剂组(P 0. 05);总不良事件发生率均高于安慰剂组(OR=1. 38,95%CI:1. 20～1. 58; P 0. 00 001),但无严重不良反应发生。结论 A型肉毒毒素能有效地减少慢性偏头痛每月偏头痛发作频率、偏头痛天数和急性头痛用药的时间及改善生活质量,但对发作性偏头痛效果不明显,不良反应可耐受。     

汉族人拉莫三嗪相关过敏反应与HLA-B*1502的相关性

目的研究在汉族人中拉莫三嗪相关过敏反应是否与HLA-B*1502有相关性。方法对在郑州人民医院诊断为癫痫的患者在服用拉莫三嗪前进行HLA-B*1502测定,将服用拉莫三嗪12周后出现过敏反应者作为实验组,未出现过敏反应者作为对照组1,服用其他非芳香族抗癫痫药物出现过敏反应者为对照组2,检测对照组2的HLA-B*1502阳性率,对3组间HLA-B*1502的阳性率进行比较。结果实验组HLA-B*1502的阳性率为41.86%,对照组1为14.02%,对照组2为13.33%.实验组阳性率高于对照组1(χ2=13.86,P<0.05)及对照组2(χ2=6.83,P=0.009),对照组1与对照组2比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.009,P=0.924)。结论HLA-B*1502可能与汉族人拉莫三嗪相关过敏反应相关。     

Annual Research Review: Rethinking childhood trauma-new research directions for measurement,study design and analytical strategies

Childhood trauma is a key modifiable risk factor for psychopathology. Despite significant scientific advances, traumatised children still have poorer long-term outcomes than nontraumatised children. New research paradigms are, thus, needed. To this end, the review examines three dominant assumptions about measurement, design and analytical strategies. Current research warns against using prospective and retrospective measures of childhood trauma interchangeably; against interpreting cross-sectional differences in putative mediating mechanisms between adults with or without a history of childhood trauma as evidence of longitudinal changes from pre-trauma conditions; and against directly applying explanatory models of resilience or vulnerability to psychopathology in traumatised children to forecast individual risk in unseen cases. The warnings equally apply to research on broader measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Further research examining these assumptions can generate new insights on how to prevent childhood trauma and its detrimental effects.     

Adverse effects of cannabinoids

Cannabidiol is a cannabinoid‐derived product that has recently been approved for the treatment of pharmacoresistant seizures in patients with epileptic encephalopathies such as Dravet Syndrome and Lennox‐Gastaut Syndrome. Short‐term side effects of cannabidiol are well know and well‐documented in the clinical trials that lead to its approval. Generally, is a well tolerated drug with transitory, dose‐dependent mild to moderate effects like somnolence, decreased appetite or diarrhoea. However severe life‐threatening reactions can also occur, and are often related to the non‐controlled toxic combination with other antiseizure drugs that are widely used in this type of patients like sodium valproate or clobazam. In this brief review we summarize the available data about the short‐term adverse events of cannabidiol. Further studies are required to assess the long‐term outcome and final resolution of these conditions regarding safety of these patients.