加温合并药物治疗Lewis肺癌的实验研究

本实验以荷 Lewis 肺癌的 NIH 小鼠为模型,以肿瘤平均直径倍增时间(MDDT)为终点,进行加温合并抗癌药物的研究。结果表明:①43℃加温25分钟,对 Lewis 肺癌有明显的治疗效果(P<0.05);②喜树碱16mg/kg合并加温25分钟,对 Lewis 肺癌的抑制作用随加热温度升高而加强,在43℃时出现相加作用(P<0.001);③斑蝥素0.45mg/kg,高三尖杉酯碱1.2mg/kg 或消瘤芥0.75mg/kg 合并加温25分钟,对Lewis 肺癌的抑制作用随加热温度升高而增强,其中斑蝥素和消瘤芥在43℃时出现协同作用(P<0.001);①去甲斑蝥酸钠3mg/kg 对 Lewis 肺癌无治疗作用,但合并43℃加温25分钟时有协同作用;⑤鸦胆子油口服乳液8ml/kg,间隔27小时合并43℃加温25分钟,对 Lewis 肺癌的治疗有相加作用,并明显延长了荷瘤动物的生存时间。     

XIVth World Congress of Pharmacology San Francisco,CA, July 7–12, 2002 New Cardiovascular Drugs

The XIVth World Congress of Pharmacology took place July 7–12, 2002 in Moscone Convention Center, San Francisco, CA. Over 4,000 scientists, exhibitors and guests attended the Congress. It consisted of 40 symposia, 11 workshops, 18 plenary lectures and ca. 1,400 posters. The Congress was sponsored by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Inspire Pharmaceuticals and GlaxoSmithKline. The major financial donors were: Eli Lilly and Company, Servier, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Schering‐Plough, Wyeth and Yamanouchi Foundation. This report covers only presentations and posters on drugs that were attended or viewed by the author.     

Mechanisms underlying the antidopaminergic effect of clonazepam and melatonin in striatum

Intrastriatal injection of the GABA_A antagonist, bicuculline, caused about a 75% decrease in the inhibitory effect of the central-type benzodiazepine (BZ) agonist, clonazepam or the indoleamine hormone, melatonin, on apomorphine-induced rotation in a 6-hydroxydopamine model of dopaminergic supersensitivity. Pretreatment with the peripheral-type BZ antagonist, PK 11195 (intrastriatally or intraperitoneally), also attenuated the antidopaminergic effect of these drugs but with much less potency than bicuculline. However, the combination of both bicuculline and PK 11195, injected directly into the striatum, completely blocked the antidopaminergic action of clonazepam or melatonin. These results indicate that the antidopaminergic action of clonazepam and melatonin in the striatum involves two distinct mechanisms: (1) a predominant GABAergic activation via the BZ/GABA_A receptor complex, and (2) a secondary mechanism linked to a PK 11195- sensitive BZ receptor pathway. Recent studies indicate that PK 11195 blocks BZ-induced inhibition of the adenylyl cyclase-cyclic AMP pathway in the striatum. Since cyclic AMP has been implicated in the rotational behaviour of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned animals, it is possible that the antidopaminergic action of clonazepam and melatonin also involves suppression of this second messenger. All rights reserved.     

Hygiene in Operationsabteilungen – Empfehlungen des Nationalen Referenzzentrums für Krankenhaushygiene

Zusammenfassung. Viele Hygienema?nahmen in Operationsabteilungen sind durch wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen nicht belegt. Die in dieser Arbeit vom Nationalen Referenzzentrum für Krankenhaushygiene, das 1996 vom Bundesgesundheitsministerium eingerichtet wurde, zusammengestellten Empfehlungen stützen sich auf die Ergebnisse wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen und trennen so die unbedingt notwendigen von den weniger bzw. nicht sinnvollen Ma?nahmen.

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Summary. Many hygienic procedures performed in operation units are not supported by scientific investigations. The following recommendations by the National Reference Center for Hospital Epidemiology, founded by the German Ministry of Health in 1996, are based on the scientific literature and separate necessary from less necessary and unnecessary procedures.

     

Sequential Adjuvant CMF Chemotherapy Followed by Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer: The Lankenau Hospital Experience

Abstract: The optimal timing of systemic cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CMF) chemotherapy and local radiation in adjuvant breast cancer has been a debatable subject. To evaluate the Lankenau Hospital experience with sequential CMF chemotherapy followed by radiation in the adjuvant therapy of stage I and stage II breast cancer we reviewed the records of patients at our center. This group of 34 patients was treated in a homogenous manner, all receiving standard CMF for six cycles followed by radiotherapy after lumpectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. The radiation course was 5040cGy to the entire breast (28 fractions in 45 elapsed days) followed by a boost to the tumor site of 1800cGy in 10 fractions. Thirty-four patients were identified and followed for an average of 5 years (range 1.5–11.5 years). One patient had local recurrence and with subsequent treatment is disease-free at 5 years postrecurrence (8 years from initial diagnosis). Two deaths were not breast-cancer related (1 myocardial infarction at year 3, 1 melanoma at year 7.5). The estimated probability of no relapse at 5 years and 8 years by Kaplan-Meier analysis is 79% and 60% respectively. Overall and disease-free survival in this group of patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and CMF chemotherapy followed by radiation is excellent. There appears to be no detriment to delaying radiotherapy until full doses of systemic treatment are given as local recurrence was rare (6%) and was amenable to further treatment.     

Reduction in Internal Carotid Arterial Blood Flow Velocity in Children During Antiepileptic Drug Therapy with Clinical Dosages

Summary: We studied the effect of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow velocity, as an index of total cerebral blood flow (CBF). The subjects were 45 newly diagnosed children with febrile convulsion or epilepsy who were seizure-free for a period long enough not to affect the results. They had no neurologic deficit, received fixed monotherapy, and were examined by a noninvasive Doppler ultrasound method, in comparisonwith 13 age-matched normal volunteers with no AED. In 30 patients, the measurements were performed before and after AED administration [10 with phenobarbital (PB), 10 with carbamazepine (CBZ), and 10 with valproate (VPA)], and performed before and after AED discontinuation in the remaining 15 patients (all with PB). Normal volunteers underwent the two consecutive examinations with a mean interval equal to that of the entire patient group, and there was no difference in velocity values between the measurements. In patients receiving CBZ or VPA, a significant reduction was noted in blood flow velocity after drug administration. Although velocity values in the patients receiving PB did not change after drug administration, they were significantly increased after complete discontinuation. In the present study, a slight but significant reduction in CBF caused by AED administration at therapeutic doses in children was suggested.     

The uses of a patient-based dietetic data-collection systern

The F.I.P. (Financial Information Project) dietetic package allows the collection of basic patient data, which then can be processed to give valuable clinical and management information for use by all dietitians in a dietetic department. The advent of the Korner Reports (DHSS, 1984a) and their implementation highlighted the need to computerize certain aspects of data collection in dietetic departments. Within the West Midlands Regional Health Authority a group of dietitians worked with the Regional Management Services Department to adapt a community nursing system, F.I.P., for use by dietitians. The system was piloted for all paramedical services in 1987 with one health district (North Warwickshire) piloting the dietetic package. It is now used by a range of dietetic and paramedical departments. This paper outlines the system and its uses.     

辽宁产东亚钳蝎毒镇痛作用与脑内中枢关系的研究

应用立体定位、核团内注射与电解损毁核团技术及微电极细胞外记录方法，以猫丘脑后核内脏大神经诱发单位放电为内脏痛指标，观察向尾状核、中脑导水管周围灰质及杏仁内侧核内注入东亚钳蝎毒及在电解损毁３个核团前后ＰＯ内脏大神经诱发单位放电的变化。在损毁诸核之前刺激内脏大神经引起单位诱发放电，损毁诸核之后诱发放电减弱或消失，这与辽宁产东亚钳蝎毒注入诸核团中的作用相一致。表明蝎毒的作用部位与上述核团有关，更进一步证明蝎毒作用部位     

Development and evaluation of a presurgical preparation program

Three presurgical preparation programs were developed and evaluated in an Australian hospital utilizing an additive component design. The component basic to all three preparation programs was modeling. This technique was compared with the additional components of teaching child coping skills and parent coping skills via videotape. Subjects were 28 children between the ages of 4 and 13 years who were scheduled for elective surgery. Anxiety of both the children and parents was assessed by self-report and behavior observation. Results indicated that there was no further anxiety reduction by the addition of child and parent coping skills. Results are discussed in terms of the viability of teaching coping skills via videotape particularly to parents. Methodological difficulties associated with research in this area are examined.