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971.
目的利用上海交通大学生命质量与机械工程研究所自主开发的冷冻切片处理软件CryoSegmemation提取人体骨骼的边缘,利用逆向工程软件Imageware建立骨骼的面模型,在ANSYS中建立人体腰椎的三维有限元模型。方法利用第三军医大学的第一例男性冷冻切片数据进行图像处理,截面轮廓线信息处理。结果准确快速地建立了完全符合人体解剖特征的腰椎三维有限元模型。结论利用该研究所自主开发的冷冻切片软件和一些现有的商用软件可以准确、快速地建立人体腰椎的三维面模型、体模型及有限元模型,为航空、车辆、船舶、生物医学工程等不同的领域进行数值模拟计算和动力学仿真提供完全符合人体解剖学特征的原始模型。 相似文献
972.
973.
A nonlinear dynamic morphometric model of breathing mechanics during artificial ventilation is described. On the basis of the Weibel symmetrical representation of the tracheobronchial tree, the model accurately accounts for the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the conductive zone and packs the respiratory zone into a viscoelastic Voigt body. The model also accounts for the main mechanisms limiting expiratory flow (wave speed limitation and viscous flow limitation), in order to reproduce satisfactorily, under dynamic conditions, the expiratory flow limitation phenomenon occurring in normal subjects when the difference between alveolar pressure and tracheal pressure (driving pressure) is high. Several expirations characterized by different levels of driving pressure are simulated and expiratory flow limitation is detected by plotting the isovolume pressure–flow curves. The model is used to study the time course of resistance and total cross-sectional area as well as the ratio of fluid velocity to wave speed (speed index), in conductive airway generations. The results highlight that the coupling between dissipative pressure losses and airway compliance leads to onset of expiratory flow limitation in normal lungs when driving pressure is increased significantly by applying a subatmospheric pressure to the outlet of the ventilator expiratory channel; wave speed limitation becomes predominant at still higher driving pressures. 相似文献
974.
Pieter Sipkema Ricky D. Latham Nicolaas Westerhof Bernard J. Rubal David M. Slife 《Annals of biomedical engineering》1990,18(5):491-503
A setup consisting of a high-performance hydraulic pump connected to the ascending part of an isolated aorta, including all
major distal branches, each loaded with calibrated artificial resistors, was developed. The system was used to study total
aortic compliance of the baboon as a function of mean aortic pressure (n=5). The aorta loaded with the resistors was mounted
in a custom-designed sink table, such that it was submersed in physiological saline maintained at 37°C. Mean distending pressure
in the entire aortic compliance from pressure and flow waves generated by the pump. Total aortic compliance as a function
of mean pressure was fitted with a logarithmic function: Ln (Compliance)=A+B * P. The value of A(±SE) was: 1.565±0.319 and
B: −0.020±0.003 (P<0.001). The results were compared with previously published results (also using the same three-element
Windkessel fit) obtained in three of the same animalsin vivo. Thein vivo data were A: 1.095±0.235 and B: −0.019±0.003.In vitro data had a significantly higher value of A thanin vivo (P=0.017), implying a significantly higher aortic compliancein vitro thanin vivo.
Occlusion of the proximal descending aorta was performed at a low distending pressure (55 mm Hg) to determine the proximal
complicance. It was found (n=4) that 46±11% (SD) of the total arterial compliance is to be attributed to the ascending and
proximal descending aorta.
This work was supported in part by Grant RG 86/0066 from the scientific affairs division of Nato. 相似文献
975.
Dr Y. X. Yang B. S. Xie Z. X. Zhou J. N. Liu Y. Y. Xue G. L. Lv 《Medical & biological engineering & computing》1998,36(3):355-358
An experimental animal hypoxia model has been developed. It consists of two sensors (an in vitro and in vivo model), an experimental
device and a computer signal processing system. This method can easily be applied to determine and analyse blood oxygen saturation
at various hypoxia levels. It can also be used to evaluate the accuracy of pulse oximetry over a wide range of oxyhemoglobin
desaturation levels. The DC and AC components of recorded red and infra-red signals, the dual-wavelength ratio R12 and the reading of a pulse oximeter (SpO2) can be automatically calculated and displayed on a computer screen. Preliminary results of the animal hypoxia test indicate
that the measurements made by the instrument correlate well with the oxygen saturation readings of the automatic blood gas
analyser AVL945. The computer analysis system is suitable for repeated estimations in the animal model. 相似文献
976.
A model is presented which allows for the contribution of genes and environment to categorical data on multiple symptoms. The model distinguishes between parameters needed to express the relationship between a latent trait and observed responses and the parameters required to represent the causes of variation in the latent trait. The regression of the latent trait on covariates may also be specified. The model is applied to symptoms of depression in 1983 pairs of adult female monozygotic and dizygotic twins. A model which allows only for polygenic variation in the latent trait is supported as well as the mixed model, which also allows for the effects of a major gene. The likelihood is significantly lower when all genetic effects are ascribed to a single gene. Practical limitations of the method are discussed.This research is supported by Grants AG04954, AA06781, GM32782, GM30250, and MH40828 from the National Institutes of Health. We are indebted to Dr. Greg Carey for his incisive discussion. 相似文献
977.
B.C Figueiredo L Hu A.M Bedard W Tetzlaff A.Claudio Cuello 《Journal of chemical neuroanatomy》1996,12(1):15-27
We have tested the hypotheses that nerve growth factor treatment in adult post-hypothyroid rats can: (1) restore cross-sectional area of cholinergic cells of the nucleus basalis and (2) prevent further atrophy of these neurons following cortical infaction. In addition, we assessed the expression of p75NGFR and p140trkA mRNAs in the nucleus basalis cells of post-hypothyroid rats. Rats were rendered hypothyroid by the addition of propylthiouracil to their diet beginning on embryonic day 19 until the age of 1 month. At this time both the pups and their dams continued to receive 0.05% propylthiouracil in their diet and the pups were thyroidectomized. At 60 days, propylthiouracil treatment was interrupted and thyroxine levels were restored to normal by daily subcutaneous administration of physiological levels of thyroxine. Morphometric analysis identified atrophied nucleus basalis magnocellularis cholinergic cells at two ages, days 75 and 105, identified by in situ hybridization for p75NGFR and p140trkA mRNAs in methylene blue stained cells (day 75) and choline acetyltransferase immunostaining (day 105). The mean number of silver grains (pixels) per μm2 (mean±S.E.M.) of cell body cross-sectional area for p75NGFR mRNA in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of euthyroid rats was 3.43±0.89, which was not statistically different from post-hypothyroid animals (4.02±1.07). A similar finding was noted for p140trkA mRNA: mean number of grains in the euthyroid group was 5.54±0.96 and was not statistically different from the post-hypothyroid group (6.32±1.45). Nerve growth factor treatment in adulthood (between days 75 and 82) did not restore cross-sectional area from early thyroid deprivation. However, it prevented further atrophy of nucleus basalis magnocellularis neurons following cortical devascularization inflicted in adulthood (day 75). 相似文献
978.
Yoshino H Futakuchi M Cho YM Ogawa K Takeshita F Imai N Tamano S Shirai T 《Clinical & experimental metastasis》2005,22(5):441-447
Previously, we established the in vivo lung metastasis model of rat HCC induced by two hepatocarcinogens, diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR)
at a dose of 120 ppm. This model allows us to investigate modifying factors leading to the inhibition of metastasis formation.
However, low survival rates made the evaluation of metastasis formation difficult. The current experiments were conducted
to modify the experimental protocol to improve survival and to establish a better animal metastasis model. Lower doses of
NMOR (80 or 40 ppm in drinking water) were given to F344 rats for 14 weeks after DEN treatment. Survival rates in the 80 ppm
group and in the 40 ppm group were 57% and 81%, respectively and these values were significantly higher than that in 120 ppm.
Incidences of lung metastasis in the 40 ppm group steadily increased up to 67% by week 36 while that in the 80 ppm increased
sharply up to 86% by week 24. Severity of lung metastases in the 40 ppm group at week 36 was mild compared with the 80 ppm
group at week 24. In the second experiment, in order to characterize HCC development and lung metastasis in the 40 ppm group,
rats given DEN and then followed with 40 ppm NMOR were killed sequentially. Development of HCC was observed at week 14 and
reached 100% incidence at week 20. First lung metastatic lesions were evident at week 22, and incidence of lung metastasis
reached 100%. Tumor cells were identified in the blood at week 20 by RT-PCR. The current study revealed that 40 ppm NMOR for
14 weeks after DEN treatment developed HCC without lung metastases at week 22, then HCC with a frequent lung metastasis at
week 40. Thus, it can be said that this system is a more appropriate model for elucidation of mechanisms of metastasis and
also for analysis of factors to inhibit natural metastasis. 相似文献
979.
Zheng B Cao KY Chan CP Choi JW Leung W Leung M Duan ZH Gao Y Wang M Di B Hollidt JM Bergmann A Lehmann M Renneberg I Tam JS Chan PK Cautherley GW Fuchs D Renneberg R 《Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)》2005,116(1):18-26
Neopterin and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were determined in serum samples from 129 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients and 156 healthy blood donors. In the patients with confirmed SARS, an early neopterin elevation was detected already at the day of onset of symptoms and rose to a maximum level of 45.0 nmol/L 3 days after the onset. All SARS patients had elevated neopterin concentrations (>10 nmol/L) within 9 days after the onset. The mean neopterin concentrations were 34.2 nmol/L in acute sera of SARS patients, 5.1 nmol/L in convalescent sera, and 6.7 nmol/L in healthy controls. In contrast, the mean CRP concentrations in both acute and convalescent sera of SARS patients were in the normal range (<10 mg/L). Serum neopterin level in SARS patients was associated with fever period and thus the clinical progression of the disease, while there was no significant correlation between the CRP level and the fever period. Serum neopterin may allow early assessment of the severity of SARS. The decrease of neopterin level was found after steroid treatment, which indicates that blood samples should be collected before steroid treatment for the neopterin measurement. 相似文献
980.
Eisuke Kume Hisako Fujimura Naoaki Matsuki Masahito Ito Chinami Aruga Wataru Toriumi Kazuyuki Kitamura Kunio Doi 《Experimental and toxicologic pathology》2004,55(6):467-480
We have reported the streptozotocin (SZ)-induced hepatic lesions in the subacute phase (4 to 12 weeks after the treatment), which are characterized by appearance of oncocytic hepatocytes, cytomegalic hepatocytes and bile duct hyperplasia. In this study, we focused on the acute phase (6 to 48 hours after the treatment) of the SZ-induced hepatic lesions of mice to clarify the onset of the hepatic alterations, especially before the induction of hyperglycemia. Livers were taken from 8-week-old Crj:CD-1 (ICR) male mice at 6,12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after the 200 mg/kg b.w. of SZ-injection. SZ-induced hyperglycemia was noted at 36 and 48 hours after the treatment, but the hepatic changes including lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial swelling, peroxisome proliferation and inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation occurred before the elevation of the serum glucose levels. The present findings indicate the direct effects of SZ on hepatocytes rather than the secondary effects of diabetes, and certain correlations between the hepatocytic changes in the acute phase and those in the subacute one. In addition, ulcer and submucosal edema of the gallbladder were observed at 36 or 48 hours after the SZ-treatment, which can be a novel finding in SZ-treated animal. 相似文献