美丽芍药根中黄酮类成分及其生物活性

目的 研究美丽芍药PaeoniamaireiLevl.中黄酮类成分及其生物活性.方法 美丽芍药根70％乙醇提取物的分析采用D101、硅胶、Rp-18、Sephadex LH-20进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构.HEK293模型测试其体外激动褪黑素受体1活性.结果 从中分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴...     

骶神经根磁刺激对脊髓损伤后逼尿肌反射亢进的作用

目的：观察骶神经根磁刺激治疗对脊髓损伤所致逼尿肌反射亢进的治疗作用。方法：采用骶神经根磁刺激治疗脊髓损伤后逼尿肌反射亢进的患者,共治疗10天,应用排尿日记、生存质量评分和尿流动力学检查评价疗效。结果：治疗后24h平均排尿次数减少,平均单次排尿量明显增加,平均尿失禁次数相应减少,生存质量提高,治疗有效率达71.4%;尿流动力学结果提示,刺激后最大膀胱测压容积显著增加,充盈末逼尿肌压力明显降低,最大尿流率明显增加。结论：骶神经根磁刺激通过抑制逼尿肌反射,增加膀胱测压容积,增加尿流率,从而改善尿频症状,减少尿失禁,提高生存质量。     

颈神经在椎间孔及脊神经沟处受嵌压致颈椎病的关系比较

目的　比较颈神经在椎间孔及脊神经沟处受嵌压的出现率及严重程度。方法　取 6 0具成年尸体 (男 2 8,女 32 ) ,通过对颈椎间孔及其脊神经根的外径以及对脊神经沟外口宽度及其沟内段脊神经前支横径的测量 ,得出颈神经前支横径 /脊神经沟宽度和颈神经根外径 /椎间孔大小的均值 ,得出比值大于或等于 1的出现率 ,并分别进行统计学处理。结果　颈神经在椎间孔处受压的出现率 ( 2 4.6 %)明显高于脊神经沟处 ( 6 .3%) ( P <0 .0 1)。结论　颈神经在颈椎间孔和脊神经沟处均可受累 ,颈神经在椎间孔处受累的严重性明显大于在脊神经沟处。临床诊治颈椎病在充分考虑椎间孔处神经受累的同时 ,也不可忽视颈椎脊神经沟处神经受累的可能性。     

Early effects of nucleus pulposus application on spinal nerve root morphology and function

It is known that 24 h or more after epidural application of autologous nucleus pulposus, functional and structural changes are established in adjacent nerve roots. It is, however, not known how soon after the application these changes appear. The aim of this study was to reduce the exposure duration to 3 h and to evaluate nerve function and histological changes in the nerve tissue during this time period. A total of 12 pigs was used. In ten pigs, autologous nucleus pulposus (NP) was applied epidurally on the cauda equina. Nerve function was then monitored for 3 h by measurements of muscle action potentials (MAP) in the tail muscles, following nerve root stimulation cranial to the exposed zone. In five of the ten pigs with NP application, nerve root compression to 50 mm Hg was added by means of an inflatable balloon. In two control animals, neither NP nor compression was applied. At the end point, nerve root specimens were harvested for histological assessment. No reduction of MAP amplitude was detected in any of the series. However, there was an epidural accumulation of leucocytes and mast cells, as well as minor axonal and Schwann cell changes in both the NP and NP+ compression series, as compared to the control series. Morphological changes in terms of an epidural inflammatory reaction and minor axonal and Schwann cell damage may thus be demonstrated within 3 h of NP application, with or without compression. However, there is no functional deterioration of the nerve roots detectable within this time period. Received: 19 February 1998 Revised: 26 June 1998 Accepted: 8 July 1998     

"膝腱-脊髓-膀胱"反射弧重建膀胱功能的解剖与临床

目的：探索反射弧重建膀胱功能的应用解剖和临床疗效。方法：在20具尸体标本上观察与膝腿反射有关的解剖，并应用于3例患者，随访膀胱尿道功能。结果：L3脊神经根中的大部分神经纤维贡献给股神经，S2-4前根与L2-4前根相互间均有重叠，L3-S3前根交叉吻接后2年，刺激膝腿可引发3膀胱内压升高并在膀胱充盈时引起排尿。结论：“膝腱-脊髓-膀胱”反射弧重建膀胱功能时宜选用L3-S3前根交叉吻接。反射弧对恢复SCI患者膀胱功能有一定的作用并仍需进一步研究完善。     

颈椎单开门椎管成形微钛板与丝线或锚钉固定术后C5神经根麻痹的对比分析

 目的 比较颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术中使用微钛板于开门侧固定椎板和使用丝线或锚钉于铰链侧固定椎板对C5神经根麻痹及再关门的影响。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年1月采用颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗142例脊髓型颈椎病患者资料,根据控制开门方式将患者分为铰链侧固定组(使用丝线或锚钉于铰链侧固定椎板)和开门侧固定组(使用微钛板于开门侧固定椎板)。铰链侧固定组78例,男46例,女32例;年龄42～68岁,平均59岁。开门侧固定组64例,男41例,女23例;年龄44～71岁,平均57岁。术后采用日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association, JOA)评分评定神经功能并计算改善率,记录手术时间、出血量及C5神经根麻痹情况,比较两组开门角度、颈椎曲度指数、脊髓后移及脊髓压迫程度等。结果 铰链侧固定组和开门侧固定组患者均获得随访,随访时间均超过12个月;两组患者均一期愈合。铰链侧固定组术后9例发生C5神经根麻痹,发生率为11.5%(9/78);微钛板开门侧固定组1例发生C5神经根麻痹,发生率为1.6%(1/64);两者比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.047)。铰链侧固定组开门角度及脊髓后移量大于微钛板开门侧固定组。10例C5神经根麻痹者的脊髓后移量为(3.97±1.19) mm,较无C5神经根麻痹者[(2.57±1.01) mm]高。铰链侧固定组和开门侧固定组术前(12.23%±3.70%和11.38%±4.29%)及术后1周(12.12%±3.77%和11.31%±4.35%)颈椎曲度指数无差异;术后12个月JOA评分[(12.35±1.09)分和(13.55±0.91)分]、JOA评分改善率(64.24%±9.49%和61.78%±11.48%)及脊髓受压程度(0.74%±0.71%和0.75%±0.67%)无差异。术后6个月CT示铰链侧固定组27%患者椎板开门角度丢失>10°,微钛板开门侧固定组开门角度无变化。结论 颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术中使用微钛板固定与使用丝线或锚钉固定控制开门角度相比,不影响神经功能恢复,但可降低C5神经根麻痹的发生率及减少椎板开门角度丢失。     

白萝卜提取物对实验动物胃肠动力的促进作用及其可能的机制

目的探讨白萝卜提取物（Raphanus sativus roots extract,Rex）对实验动物胃肠运动的影响并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法灌胃给药（剂量10、30、100 mg/kg）后,测定小鼠胃内容物的残留率、小肠中阿拉伯胶活性炭粉混合物的推进距离;制作豚鼠回肠离体肠段标本,测定给药前后肠段平滑肌收缩强度和频率的变化情况;多导生理记录仪检测大鼠胃及十二指肠电活动;放射免疫法测定大鼠血浆胃动素含量变化。结果与阴性对照组相比,白萝卜提物在10-100 mg/kg时可使胃残留率明显减少,小肠推进百分比明显增加;并剂量依赖性地使离体豚鼠回肠平滑肌收缩;大鼠胃及十二指肠电活动的慢波频率和振幅明显增加,血浆胃动素水平明显升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论白萝卜提取物可明显促进实验动物胃肠运动,该作用的发挥可能与胃动素水平升高及促进胃十二指肠电活动有关。     

Supraspinal and segmental input to lumbar epaxial motoneurons in the rat

Inputs to medial longissimus (ML) and lateral longissimus (LL) motoneurons were studied in urethane or urethane-chloralose anesthetized rats by recording from ML and LL nerves while stimulating ipsilateral lumbosacral dorsal roots, medial medullary reticular formation (RF), vestibular nuclei (VN), dorsal midbrain (MDBR), or ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH).Stimulation of appropriate dorsal roots produced short-latency responses (1.5–3.0 ms) in nerves to medial longissimus or lateral longissimus. The connections underlying these responses, which could be monosynaptic, are weak, since generally two or more stimuli were necessary for a response to occur. Short-latency LL nerve responses required more dorsal root stimuli than did ML nerve responses and stable LL responses sometimes could not be obtained, suggesting that segmental reflexes to a back muscle (LL) could be weaker than those to a proximal tail muscle (ML).Trains of conditioning stimuli delivered to the RF, VN, and MDBR facilitated segmental responses in ML nerves or LL nerves. Temporal profiles of facilitation of ML differed for the three regions. On one extreme, the facilitation produced by RF conditioning required few stimuli (median, 3 shocks) and peak facilitation occurred at short condition-test intervals (median, 1.5 ms). On the other extreme, facilitation produced by MDBR conditioning required long trains (median, 14 stimuli) and peak facilitation occurred at longer condition-test intervals (median, 10ms).Stimulation within the VMH never facilitated ML or LL nerve activity.These results demonstrate excitatory connections from reticular formation, vestibular nuclei and the dorsal midbrain to medial longissimus and lateral longissimus. Such connections could be involved in behaviors mediated by midbrain, and in postural regulation through brain stem control of axial musculature.Motoneuron cell bodies for LL, ML and lumbar transversospinalis (TS) muscles were localized by ejecting dye at sites where unitary antidromic responses to muscle nerve stimulation were recorded extracellularly. ML cells were found ventrolaterally in the L₆-S₁ ventral horn. LL and TS cells were found medially in the ventral horn of the lumbar enlargement.     

附子乙酸乙酯提取物对虚寒模型大鼠肝LA、LDH、PA、Gn含量及ATP酶活力的影响

目的 观察中药附子乙酸乙酯提取物与附子水煎液相比对虚寒模型大鼠能量代谢的影响.方法 将Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组(空白组,10只)及虚寒模型组(30只).采用生石膏、龙胆草、黄柏和知母水煎液灌胃大鼠15天复制虚寒模型,之后将虚寒模型组大鼠再随机分为附子乙酸乙酯提取物组(治疗组,10只)、附子水煎液组(对照组,10只)及模型组(10只),两个用药组分别用附子乙酸乙酯提取物和附子水煎液分别灌胃治疗5天,模型组继续予模型药灌胃,空白对照组继续予生理盐水灌胃.检测大鼠肝组织乳酸(LA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙酮酸(PA)、糖原(Gn)含量以及Na+ -K+ -ATP酶、Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATP酶的活力.结果 与空白组比较,模型组PA含量、Na+ -K+ -ATP酶、Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATP酶活力降低;与模型组比较,两个给药组PA含量升高;与对照组比较,治疗组LDH含量、PA含量、Na+ -K+ -ATP酶活力升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 附子乙酸乙酯提取物比附子水煎液热性略大,似乎能产生更多的能量,但是最终结论及具体作用机制有待进一步研究.