阿昔洛韦治疗婴幼儿疱疹性瘭疽15例疗效分析

目的观察阿昔洛韦治疗婴幼儿疱疹性瘭疽的疗效。方法治疗组15例患儿口服阿昔洛韦片、外用重组人干扰素α-2b乳膏,对照组15例患儿口服利巴韦林颗粒、外用重组人干扰素α-2b乳膏,两组均治疗1周,观察皮疹好转情况,记录临床指征并作疗效评价。结果治疗组15例痊愈6例,显效9例,有效率100%,对照组15例显效7例,进步7例,无效1例,有效率46.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义。结论口服阿昔洛韦治疗婴幼儿疱疹性瘭疽能更快控制病情,缩短病程。     

Aciclovir or ganciclovir universal prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection in liver transplantation: an economic analysis

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) following orthotopic liver transplantation can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Prophylaxis with oral aciclovir (ACV) or ganciclovir (GCV) for all transplant recipients (universal prophylaxis) may be beneficial, but which agent is more cost-effective is unknown. METHODS: A single centre, retrospective study of all patients who had OLT at the Western Australian Liver Transplantation Service was performed. Patients received ACV from 1992 to 1998, and GCV from 1999 to 2001. A comparative cost-effectiveness analysis for the two groups was performed based on the mean total cost of the number of cases of CMV infection and disease as the clinical end-point. RESULTS: The ACV group comprised of 55 patients and there were 24 in the GCV group. The incidence of CMV disease was 7% and 4% for the ACV and GCV groups, respectively (P > 0.05). For CMV infection it was 16% and 8%, respectively (P > 0.05). GCV prevented more cases of CMV infection and disease than ACV but at an incremental cost of dollars A20,000 (dollars US10,172) per case prevented. Overall, ACV was more cost-effective than GCV by dollars A2200 (dollars US1119) per person. The cost benefit of ACV was derived principally through a reduced pharmaceutical cost. Both agents were well tolerated without development of antiviral resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Universal prophylaxis of CMV infection-following liver transplantation with aciclovir is more cost-effective than with ganciclovir.     

Drug Evaluations: Drug Evaluation Anti-infectives: Famciclovir - origins,progress and prospects

Famciclovir (FAMVIRd?) is an oral prodrug which provides penciclovir with high bioavailability. Penciclovir is a guanosine-based nucleoside analogue which is structurally related to aciclovir and ganciclovir. Penciclovir is highly active against herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2), varicella zoster virus, and human hepatitis B virus. The mechanism of herpesvirus inhibition is similar to that of aciclovir in that penciclovir is phosphorylated selectively in virus-infected cells by virus-coded thymidine kinase; the nucleoside analogue triphosphate is then a selective inhibitor of herpesvirus DNA polymerase. The relative affinities of aciclovir and penciclovir triphosphate are, however, markedly different for the two virus-coded enzymes; moreover penciclovir triphosphate has a significantly longer half-life in virus-infected cells than the corresponding triphosphate of aciclovir. These subtle biochemical differences are reflected in striking differences between the compounds revealed in laboratory infection models. In man, the clinical data to date suggest that famciclovir has a good safety profile and there are grounds for optimism that the compound will provide opportunities for improved efficacy for the treatment of herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus infections.

(åFAMVIR is a trademark of SmithKline Beecham plc)     

多烯康与阿昔洛韦比较治疗带状疱疹

目的：观察多烯康与阿昔洛韦治疗带状疱疹的疗效比较。方法：７８例带状疱疹病人随机分为多烯康治疗组，男性３０例，女性９例，年龄４０±ｓ２０ａ，多烯康胶丸１．３５ｇ，ｐｏ，ｔｉｄ×１０ｄ；阿昔洛韦对照组，男性２８例，女性１１例，年龄４１±２２ａ，阿昔洛韦０．２ｇ，ｑｉｄ×１０ｄ。结果：多烯康组和阿昔洛韦组的治愈例数、治愈天数、止痛天数分别为３９例，１１±３ｄ，３．８±１．２ｄ和３８例，１０．６±２．９ｄ，４．０±１．５ｄ，差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；毒副作用：多烯康组为１例（１／３９）少于阿昔洛韦组（８例，８／３９），差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：多烯康治疗带状疱疹有效，毒副作用少。     

口菌灭含漱喷液的研制及临床应用

目的 :制备口菌灭含漱喷液并观察其临床疗效。方法 :以溶解法制备口菌灭含漱喷液 ,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定该制剂中阿昔洛韦、替硝唑、环丙沙星的含量 ,并考察其稳定性。结果 :本方法可同时测定口菌灭含漱喷液中3种主要成分的含量 ,且简便、灵敏、迅速 ;用药10d后总有效率为99 0 % (P<0 05)。结论 :口菌灭含漱喷液性质稳定 ,质量可控 ,临床应用安全、有效。     

阿昔洛韦滴眼液治疗病毒性角膜炎

目的 :评价阿昔洛韦滴眼液在治疗病毒性角膜炎中的疗效。方法 :采用随机、单盲、平行对照的方法选择 70例病毒性角膜炎病人 ,4 0例用阿昔洛韦滴眼液 ,男性 2 2例 ,女性 18例 ,年龄 (4 8±s15 )a ;30例用利巴韦林滴眼液作为对照 ,男性 13例 ,女性 17例 ,年龄 (4 5± 16)a ,2药均每次 2滴 ,每日 5次 ,2wk为一个疗程。评价其症状体征的改善率、总积分改善率、总有效率和不良反应。结果 :试验组和对照组治疗 7d后症状控制、显效、好转、无效分别为 9,3,8,2 0例和 2 ,7,3,18例 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;治疗 14d后分别为 31,7,2 ,0例和 12 ,9,7,2例 ,差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 .0 1)。 2组治疗 7,14d后总评分分别为 (5± 3)分 ,(1.1± 1.4 )分和 (6± 5 )分 ,(2 .6± 2 .9)分 ,均较治疗前 [(10± 5 )分 ,(11± 4 )分 ]明显降低 ,差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 .0 1)。 2组治疗 7d时总有效率均为 30 % ;治疗 14d后试验组总有效率为 95 % ,对照组为 70 % (P <0 .0 1)。不良反应轻微。结论 :阿昔洛韦滴眼液是一种新型、有效、安全的治疗病毒性角膜炎的滴眼液     

高效毛细管电泳法测定盐酸伐昔洛韦含量及有关物质

目的:建立测定盐酸伐昔洛韦含量及有关物质的高效毛细管区带电泳方法。方法:采用非涂层渍石英毛细管;运行缓冲溶液为30mmol·L~(-1)硼砂缓冲液(pH9.6);运行电压:25kV;柱温为25℃;检测波长:251nm;用水制备样品溶液,含量测定时样品溶液浓度为250μg·mL~(-1),有关物质测定时样品溶液浓度为5mg·mL~(-1);压力进样5s(进样口压力2.5kPa)。结果:盐酸伐昔洛韦中的主要杂质有1个,水解、酸解、碱解、氧化中产生的诸杂质彼此之间与盐酸伐昔洛韦之间可得到有效的分离;在50～500μg·mL~(-1)浓度范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9996(n=6),平均回收率为99.64%,RSD=1.3%(n=6)。结论:毛细管电泳法分析盐酸伐昔洛韦含量与有关物质,该法简便、灵敏、准确,专属性强,可用于企业生产过程中的质量控制。     

葡萄糖氯化钠钾注射液与注射用阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦配伍的稳定性

目的研究在室温下葡萄糖氯化钠钾注射液分别与注射用阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦配伍后的稳定性。方法采用HPLC法分别测定配伍后阿昔洛韦和更昔洛韦的含量变化,同时考察配伍溶液的外观、pH值和不溶性微粒的变化。结果在室温下配伍溶液8h内均无气体或沉淀产生,pH值、不溶性微粒和含量均无明显变化。结论葡萄糖氯化钠钾注射液与注射用阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦配伍后8h稳定,在8h内可安全应用于临床。     

阿昔洛韦片含量测定结果的不确定度评定

目的:建立阿昔洛韦片含量测定结果的不确定度评定。方法:分析了阿昔洛韦片含量测定过程中样品含量重复性测量、样品的称样量、样品的稀释体积和紫外分光光度法的测量等因素对阿昔洛韦片含量测定不确定度的影响。结果:扩展不确定度 U_(95)为0.8%,覆盖因子 k=2。结论:本法可靠。