阿昔洛韦治疗病毒性脑炎的效果

①目的了解阿昔洛韦对病毒性脑炎的治疗作用.②方法将92例病毒性脑炎病人随机分为两组,病毒唑组49例,应用病毒唑10mg/kg体质量静滴,每天2次;阿昔洛韦组43例.应用阿昔洛韦10mg/kg体质量静滴,每8h1次,连用14d,观察并比较两组治疗效果.③结果阿昔洛韦组头痛、呕吐、抽搐症状消失及意识恢复时间较病毒唑组缩短,差异有显著性(t'＝3.835～4.829,P＜0.01).阿昔洛韦组发热症状消退的时间虽缩短,但两者比较差异无显著性(t＝1.378,P＞0.05).④结论阿昔洛韦治疗病毒性脑炎效果明显.     

Aciclovir,herpes viruses and HIV: a never-ending story

Evaluation of: Delany S, Mlaba N, Clayton T et al. Impact of aciclovir on genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA in HSV-2/HIV-1 co-infected women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in South Africa. AIDS 23, 461–469 (2009).

HIV infection continues to be among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in Africa. The prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) has already reached high seroprevalence of up to 90% in HIV-seropositive individuals, and HSV-2 is now the leading cause of genital ulcer disease in both developing and developed countries. The role of HSV-2 as a biological cofactor in HIV acquisition and transmission may have contributed substantially to HIV diffusion, also facilitating HIV spread among the low-risk population who have stable long-term sexual partnerships. To date, no vaccine to prevent HSV-2 acquisition or reactivation has been developed, although antivirals have been shown to be safe and effective in reducing HSV-2 shedding frequency and the duration of genital ulcer disease. The paper under evaluation confirms the favorable effect of therapies aimed at suppressing HSV-2 reactivation in HIV-seropositive patients on HIV plasma and vaginal load. In this study, aciclovir 400 mg twice daily was able to significantly reduce plasma and genital HIV RNA, the frequency of HIV shedding, genital HSV-2 DNA and the frequency of genital ulcerations. These results suggest that HSV-2 control with low-cost aciclovir can play an important role in reducing HIV spread, mainly in developing countries, where costs limit the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy.     

中西医联合用药治疗带状疱疹35例

目的:观察中西医联合用药治疗带状疱疹的疗效。方法:将符合入选标准的35例患者采用中西医结合方法治疗。结果:治愈33例,显效2例。结论:中西医联合用药治疗带状疱疹疗效显著。     

典必殊联合阿昔洛韦治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨典必殊滴眼液联合阿昔洛韦(无环鸟苷,ACV)滴眼液治疗单疱病毒性角膜炎(herpes simplex keratitis,HSK)的疗效。方法:将43例46眼HSK患者随机分两组,典必殊治疗组23例25眼,贝复舒对照组20例21眼,将其临床资料进行回顾性分析,观察临床治疗效果。结果:浅层型全部治愈,深层型典必殊治疗组有效率87.5%,贝复舒对照组有效率60.0%,治愈时间典必殊治疗组平均12d,贝复舒治疗组平均17d;复发率典必殊治疗组34.8%,贝复舒对照组55.0%。两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:典必殊联合阿昔洛韦治疗HSK,具有明显的协同作用,能提高治愈率,缩短病程,降低复发,尤其对深层型单疱病毒性角膜炎疗效显著。     

Herpes zoster following cryosurgery

A 56-year-old man developed reactivation of herpes zoster infection on his right forehead after treatment of several solar keratoses with cryosurgery. The rash was blistering and painful. Treatment with oral aciclovir was instituted and the lesions healed within 2 weeks. Known risk factors for reactivation include age and decreased immunity. Previous case reports have indicated trauma may be a risk factor in herpes zoster. We report a case of herpes zoster as a complication of cryosurgery.     

高效液相色谱法测定阿昔洛韦眼用凝胶的含量

目的 :建立测定阿昔洛韦眼用凝胶中阿昔洛韦含量的高效液相色谱法。方法 :采用反相HypersilC18色谱柱 (5 μm ,2 5 0mm× 4.6mm)为分离柱 ;流动相 :水 甲醇 冰醋酸 (92∶8∶0 .1) ,检测波长 :2 5 2nm ,以峰面积计算。结果 :线性范围 :12～ 32mg·L-1,r =0 .9999。平均回收率为 99.72 % ,RSD为 0 .40 %。日内平均RSD为 0 .70 % ,日间平均RSD为 0 .85 %。结论 :本法简便 ,快捷 ,灵敏 ,可作为该制剂质量控制的有效方法。     

阿昔洛韦外用治疗病毒性皮肤病147例

应用3％阿昔洛韦霜外用治疗病毒性皮肤病147例,结果痊愈78例(53.1％);显效28例(19.1％);有效23例(15.7％);无效18例(12.1％),总有效率为87.9％。单纯疱疹疗效最佳。未发现明显副作用。     

Use of aciclovir in herpes simplex virus infections

Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 cause a wide range of illnesses ranging from minor cold sores to severe necrotising encephalitis or disseminated systemic infections seen in immunocompromised patients including neonates. Following primary infection, the virus is not eradicated from the body but is latent in sensory nerve ganglia where it can reactivate and cause recurrent disease. Aciclovir is the most studied and used antiviral agent with activity against herpes simplex virus infections. In most situations the use of aciclovir shortens the duration of clinical illness and viral shedding and reduces morbidity and mortality. All life- or sight-threatening infections should be managed in an inpatient hospital setting with intravenous therapy. The use of oral aciclovir is recommended in patients with non-life-threatening illness who may still have significant symptoms.     

Patent Update Anti-infectives: Developments in herpesviruses 1995

This review presents a brief introduction to and overview of the currently known human herpesviruses, their pathobiology and the antiviral therapies which are presently available. New developments which appeared in the patent literature during 1995 are then summarised with particular emphasis on new agents for the treatment of these viral diseases.     

Cytomegalovirus following stem cell transplantation: from pharmacologic to immunologic therapy

Human cytomegalovirus is a large DNA virus that is well-equipped to evade both innate and adaptive host immune responses and to establish lifelong latency. It is a major opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. Following allogeneic transplantation, immune responses are often inadequate to inhibit viral reactivation, resulting in progressive tissue damage, manifesting as overt human cytomegalovirus disease that usually presents as pneumonitis, colitis or hepatitis. Currently available antiviral pharmacotherapies are limited by toxicities if used prophylactically, and by a lack of efficacy in established human cytomegalovirus disease. Efforts have therefore focused on molecular diagnostic surveillance protocols that allow earlier intervention and the development of adoptive immunotherapeutic strategies to hasten host immune reconstitution.