应用处方审核系统实现门诊处方收费前审核的实践

目的应用处方审核系统实现药师在门诊处方收费和调剂之前对处方适宜性进行审核,优化调剂流程,促进合理用药,提高处方合格率。方法在北京大学肿瘤医院现有医院信息系统(hospital information system,HIS)基础上开发处方审核系统,实现门诊处方审核后交费调剂。结果应用处方审核系统实现门诊处方收费前审核,优化调剂流程,确保药师在处方审核环节发挥作用。结论实行门诊处方收费前审核有效降低了不合格处方的比例,提高了用药安全性及合理用药水平。药师应提升自身专业素质,做到处方审核专业、准确、高效。     

Overexpression of bcl-2 in transient abnormal myelopoiesis associated with Down syndrome

Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) is a haematological complication found in Down syndrome. To determine the mechanisms of sustained proliferation of TAM cells, we studied the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as bcl-2, Fas (APO-1/CD95) and p-53, in peripheral blood cells from a new-born infant with Down syndrome and TAM. Using flow cytometry, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), consisting mostly of blast cells, showed marked expression of bcl-2 protein but not of Fas or p-53 products. DNA gel electrophoresis of PBMCs, cultured in the absence of serum factors, revealed no marked fragmentation. Our findings suggest that bcl-2 overexpression may be associated with prolonged cell survival of TAM cells. Received: 8 March 1999 / Accepted: 9 November 1999     

α-突触核蛋白与Cu~(2+)相互作用的研究进展

帕金森病是一种慢性中枢神经系统退行性疾病,其主要的病理特征是黑质致密部多巴胺能神经元丢失,残存神经元胞质中出现路易小体,其主要成分是异常聚集的α-synuclein蛋白(α-突触核蛋白)。α-synuclein的聚集与多种因素有关,其中金属离子与α-synuclein结合可导致蛋白构象发生变化引起蛋白发生聚集。近年的研究发现,Cu2+能够特异地结合α-synuclein蛋白,并诱导α-synuclein的聚集。该文就Cu2+与α-synuclein相互作用的的结合位点、结合模式以及Cu2+在α-synuclein毒性形式中可能发挥的作用作一综述。     

高频单味中药组方联合普罗布考治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨高频单味中药组方联合普罗布考治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效。方法将212例缺血性脑卒中患者随机分为试验组和对照组各106例。2组均给予降低颅内压、抗凝、控制血糖及血压、改善脑微循环等常规对症治疗,在此基础上,试验组给予高频单味中药组方联合普罗布考进行治疗,对照组单纯给予普罗布考进行治疗,治疗3个月后,比较2组临床疗效。结果治疗3个月后,试验组的总有效率为100．00％高于对照组的81．13％（P＜0．05）。结论高频单味中药组方联合普罗布考治疗缺血性脑卒中有很好的临床疗效,值得推广应用。     

Cryptic deletions and inversions of chromosome 21 in a phenotypically normal infant with transient abnormal myelopoiesis: a molecular cytogenetic study

A case of transient abnormal myelopoiesis in a normal newborn without features of Down syndrome is described. The majority of bone marrow cells analysed belonged to a chromosomally abnormal clone with trisomy for chromosomes 18 and 21. Complex intrachromosomal rearrangements of one chromosome 21, demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization using locus-specific probes, were found in a minor population of the clonal cells. These rearrangements involved loci previously shown to be rearranged in the leukaemic cells from patients with Down syndrome and leukaemia. However, the child's myeloproliferation resolved rapidly, with disappearance of the abnormal clone, and 3.5 years later she remains well.     

基于细胞代谢组学的商陆皂苷甲诱导HKC细胞损伤的机制研究

目的 基于细胞代谢组学技术,考察商陆皂苷甲（EsA）诱导人肾小管上皮HKC细胞损伤前后对细胞代谢产物的影响,寻找潜在的生物标志物。方法 MTT法检测EsA 0（对照组）、0.125、0.250、0.500、0.750、1.000 mmol/L对HKC细胞活力的影响;试剂盒法检测EsA 0（对照组）、0.25、0.75 mmol/L对HKC细胞上清LDH含量的影响,明确EsA肾细胞毒性;利用UPLC-Q/TOF-MS分析技术,将EsA 0（对照组）、0.25、0.75 mmol/L作用24 h的HKC细胞进行代谢组学分析,采用Progenesis QI软件进行数据处理,将得到的数据导入SIMCA-P12.0 software进行多元统计分析,利用主成分分析（PCA）剔除离群值,进行正交偏最小二乘分析（OPLS-DA）得到变量权重值（VIP）,选取VIP＞1的差异代谢物,进行检验,获得具有统计学意义的生物标志物。通过HMDB、KEGG、METLIN等代谢物数据库对生物标记物进行鉴定,利用MetPA平台对进行代谢通路分析。结果 与对照组比较,EsA在大于0.25 mmol/L时对HKC细胞活力有显著的抑制作用（P<0.05、0.01）;细胞上清液中LDH含量显著上升（P<0.05）。通过代谢组学技术和相关数据库分析筛选出了15个生物标志物,主要涉及甘油磷脂代谢、嘧啶代谢、鞘脂代谢、氨基酸代谢和能量代谢途径。结论 EsA可诱导肾细胞损伤,可能与氧化应激损伤,氨基酸代谢失调,能量代谢异常以及脂质代谢紊乱相关。     

我院新生儿肠外营养处方的合理性分析

目的：评价我院新生儿肠外营养三种固定组套处方临床实际应用的合理性。方法：收集2018年1-7月我院NICU的新生儿肠外营养处方共320份,患儿共52例,其中早产儿38例,足月儿14例。对新生儿肠外营养三种固定组套处方的成分进行分析,统计患儿的住院时间、使用TPN的时间、患儿摄入的液体量、热卡量、血糖、肝功能等,并结合患儿的生长发育情况,来评价三种固定组套处方的合理性。结果：三种固定组套处方在临床应用中的稳定性能够得到保证,糖速、热氮比、电解质浓度均在合理范围内,但52例患儿中存在3例前期液体量摄入过多,320份处方中存在114份热卡摄入不足,早产儿组套处方中缺少电解质钠和镁,足月儿组套中缺少电解质镁等。结论：我院新生儿肠外营养三种固定组套处方在临床的实际应用中,能够基本满足大多数新生儿的生长发育需求,但肠外营养处方存在热卡和蛋白质摄入不足,需要进一步完善。     

0.5 Mb Array as a First‐Line Prenatal Cytogenetic Test in Cases without Ultrasound Abnormalities and Its Implementation in Clinical Practice

Using whole‐genome array testing instead of karyotyping in prenatal diagnosis for all indications may be desirable because of the higher diagnostic yield and shorter reporting time. The goal of this research was finding the optimal array resolution that could replace routine prenatal karyotyping in cases without ultrasound abnormalities, for example, referred for advanced maternal age or abnormal first trimester screening. As variants of unknown clinical significance (VOUS), if reported, might complicate decision‐making about continuation of pregnancy, such an optimal array resolution should have a high abnormality detection rate and reveal a minimal amount of VOUS. The array data of 465 fetuses were retrospectively evaluated with several resolution levels, and the Decipher microdeletion/microduplication syndrome list was reviewed to assess what could be theoretically missed with a lower resolution. A 0.5‐Mb resolution showed a high diagnostic yield potential and significantly minimized the number of VOUS. Based on our experience, we recommend genomic SNP array as a first‐tier test in prenatal diagnosis. The resolution should be chosen based on the indication. In cases of fetal ultrasound abnormalities or intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), high‐resolution analysis should be done. In other cases, we advise replacing karyotyping by SNP array analysis with 0.5 Mb resolution.