Abnormal low density lipoproteins in children with familial hypercholesterolemia — Effet of polyanion exchange resins

Summary In 20 children and adolescents with familial Type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia, serum lipids and lipoproteins were examined before and during treatment with polyanion exchange resins. The composition of LDL was compared to that of healthy siblings. The patients were given Colestyramine (0.6 g/kg body weight) and Colestipol (0.5 g/kg body weight) in a cross-over study for 8 weeks each, after they had been under dietary treatment for at least 12 months. In 6 children, drug treatment had to be stopped due to side-effects. The most common complaints were gastrointestinal discomfort and constipation.Cholesterol, triglycerides and phopholipids were measured in whole serum and cholesterol, triglycerides and Apolipoprotein-B in isolated lipoprotein fractions after ultracentrifugation. Apo-B was determined by radial immunodiffusion.The Apo-B: cholesterol ratio in whole serum and in the LDL fraction was identical in the patients and in the controls. The LDL triglyceride: Apo-B ratio, however, was about 50% lower in the patients. This abnormal LDL composition was not altered by therapy with polyanion exchange resins. HDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the patients than in healthy children, and remained low during therapy.The decrease of total and LDL cholesterol (25%) and Apo-B (20%) was similar under both Colestipol and Colestyramine. Triglycerides and phospholipids showed no significant changes in therapy.These studies were supported by grants of the Schweizerische Nationalfonds and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Sonderforschungsbereich 90, Cardiovasculäres System)     

Transcatheter arterial embolization of abnormal neovessels in a swine model of knee arthritis

BackgroundIn recent years, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) using imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) has attracted attention as a treatment for relieving osteoarthritis (OA) pain. However, IPM/CS is not approved by Japanese medical insurance for use as an embolic material. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new embolic materials for TAE to relieve OA pain. The purpose of this study was to develop a swine model of knee arthritis and embolize abnormal neovessels (ANs) using two different embolic materials. We compared the embolic effects and tissue damage in knees.MethodsKnee arthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of papain into 12 knees in six female swine. The swine were divided into two groups of three swine each (six knees per group) for embolization of ANs in the knees with either IPM/CS or soluble gelatin sponge particles (SGSs). Three days after embolization, we compared the embolic effects using angiography and the tissue damage histopathologically.ResultsANs were observed in all 12 knees at 42 days after papain injection. The ANs disappeared and the patent arteries were recanalized 3 days after TAE in all 12 knees. Histopathological evaluation revealed synovitis changes, such as synovial thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration, in all 12 knees. There was no evidence of skin or muscle necrosis in either group. The appearance of ANs, recanalization of the parent arteries, and histopathological outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionSGSs were as safe as IPM/CS for TAE of ANs in this swine model of knee arthritis.     

Genetic analysis of males from intracytoplasmic sperm injection couples

A total of 392 men referred for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) participated in genetic analysis. The control group consisted of 100 normal fertile males. Chromosome and DNA analyses were performed to investigate the frequency of Y-chromosome microdeletions and CFTR mutations (the controls underwent DNA analysis only). An abnormal karyotype was found in 4.6% of all males, but the frequency among men with azoospermia was higher, at 11.7%. Y-chromosome microdeletions were found only among men with azoospermia (6.5%) and men with extreme oligospermia (2%). Compound heterozygosity for CFTR mutations was found in men with azoospermia (3.9%) and congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD) only. We conclude that all couples referred for ICSI should be offered chromosome analysis. DNA analysis for Y-chromosome microdeletions should be reserved for men with azoospermia or extreme oligospermia (<1 x 106 spermatozoa). Analysis for CFTR mutations should be limited to those with obstructive azoospermia or those with a family history of cystic fibrosis.     

基于经方解构新说“石膏配伍解肌法”

石膏解肌之说由来已久,但限于矿物药的溶出及研究手段有限等现实问题,其临床推广及应用不足,深入探讨亦不足。该文通过梳理解肌法的脉络,总结出解肌法所针对的病机为“津液不足,兼表不和”,而石膏解肌的核心内涵为“清火存液,兼透表邪”;通过梳理解肌法的古今运用,结合配位化学的现代研究,从配伍角度入手,主以《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》中的经方为例,拓展了石膏解肌之内涵,总结出石膏的解肌作用不仅可以治疗外感后的肌肉不适症状,还可能影响脏腑功能,进而治疗内伤杂病,并由此提出“石膏配伍解肌法”,认为石膏与麻黄、葛根、防己、知母、人参、芍药、竹茹、生地黄、麦冬和葳蕤等药物配伍后,通过调整透散和清热的力度来更好地发挥解肌作用。该文附临床验案一则予以阐发,以期为石膏的临床运用提供参考,为其配伍使用的药物机制研究提供方向。     

高脂血症大鼠红细胞扫描电镜观察

目的 :探讨高脂血症红细胞形态变化和临床意义。方法 :Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组 ( NC)和高脂血症组 ( HL,喂饲高脂饲料 ) ,利用扫描电镜观察红细胞形态改变并计数分类。结果 :与 NC组比较 ,HL组的正常红细胞百分比由 76.4 %减少到 4 5.7%、棘型红细胞、球口型红细胞、靶型红细胞分别由4 %、2 .2 %、1.5%增加到 17.3%、10 .4 %、5.8% ,嵴型和其它异型红细胞也略有增加。结论 :高脂血症的异型红细胞明显增加。     

中医药在糖尿病胃轻瘫治疗中的应用及思考

糖尿病胃轻瘫（DGP）发病率较高,药物治疗存在一定的局限性,部分患者可能出现一定的不良反应,这影响糖尿病的治疗。中药治疗DGP可以有效缓解患者症状,降低现有药物不良反应,辅助控制血糖。现代医家多利用辨证分型组方、经方验方及中成药进行辨病辨证治疗相结合,运用单味药、药对、中药提取物进行个体化治疗。现通过概述中药的多种组方思路,总结其优势,并对中药治疗DGP的现状进行思考与总结,以期中医药治疗DGP得到更好的发挥。     

经典名方甘草泻心汤基准样品的量值传递研究

目的 建立经典名方甘草泻心汤（Gancao Xiexin Decoction,GXD）基准样品的HPLC图谱及指标性成分含量测定方法,研究GXD基准样品量值传递规律。方法 制备15批GXD基准样品,建立特征图谱并选用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价》软件进行相似度评价,明确特征峰并对其进行归属。测定指标性成分甘草苷、甘草酸、黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马汀的含量,计算指标成分转移率,分析指标成分在饮片-基准样品中量值传递的规律。结果 15批GXD基准样品指纹图谱相似度均大于0.90,共指认22个共有峰,甘草5个、黄芩5个、甘草和黄芩共有3个、黄连6个、黄芩和黄连共有2个、干姜1个;各指标成分从药材-饮片平均转移率分别为98.69%、98.13%、96.94%、94.59%、91.76%、88.08%、94.16%;饮片-基准样品平均转移率为49.08%、42.24%、28.34%、26.72%、29.32%、33.62%、47.93%。结论 特征图谱与多指标成分含量测定方法相结合,对GXD药材-饮片-基准样品的量值传递过程进行分析研究,为经典名方GXD制剂开发提供参考。     

2003—2020年兰溪市艾滋病疫情分析

摘 要：目的：探讨通过调节体质预防老年人常见病的对策。 方法：选择天津市某社区参加免费健康体检的65岁以上 老年人,对其进行中医体质辨识,并收集相关临床检测指标,对所有数据进行统计学分析。结果：女性腹型肥胖发生率为 86.4%,明显高于男性的54.3%。参加体检的老年人中偏颇体质占58.9%。不同性别的老年人疾病患病率只在血脂异常方面存 在明显差异。腹型肥胖老年人的血脂异常患病率明显高于正常体型老年人。腹型肥胖老年人气虚质比例明显高于正常体型老 年人, 而正常体型老年人中平和质的比例明显高于腹型肥胖老年人。结论：老年女性及老年腹型肥胖者是血脂异常预防的 重点人群。可针对性开展对老年女性及腹型肥胖老年人的中医体质调摄。     

对《金匮要略》“邪气”概念的剖析

对《金匮要略》中有关“邪气”的各种名称,结合所在语言环境从文理和医理两个角度进行了分析,试图明确这些名称的概念,以澄清对《金匮》有关“邪气”概念的混淆。