Smallpox vaccine,ACAM2000: Sites and duration of viral shedding and effect of povidone iodine on scarification site shedding and immune response

The U.S. Department of Defense vaccinates personnel deployed to high-risk areas with the vaccinia virus (VACV)-based smallpox vaccine. Autoinoculations and secondary and tertiary transmissions due to VACV shedding from the vaccination site continue to occur despite education of vaccinees on the risks of such infections. The objectives of this study were to investigate, in naïve smallpox vaccinees, (a) whether the vaccination site can remain contagious after the scab separates and (b) whether the application of povidone iodine ointment (PIO) to the vaccination site inactivates VACV without affecting the immune response. These objectives were tested in 60 individuals scheduled to receive smallpox vaccine. Thirty individuals (control) did not receive PIO; 30 subjects (treatment) received PIO starting on post-vaccination day 7. Counter to current dogma, this study showed that VACV continues to shed from the vaccination site after the scab separates. Overall viral shedding levels in the PIO group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p = 0.0045), and PIO significantly reduced the duration of viral shedding (median duration 14.5 days and 21 days in the PIO and control groups, respectively; p = 0.0444). At least 10% of control subjects continued to shed VACV at day 28, and 3.4% continued to shed the virus at day 42. PIO reduced the proportion of subjects shedding virus from the vaccination site from day 8 until days 21–23 compared with control subjects. Groups did not differ significantly in the proportion of subjects mounting an immune response, as measured by neutralizing antibodies, IgM, IgG, and interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assay. When applied to the vaccination site starting on day 7, PIO reduced viral shedding without altering the immune response. The use of PIO in addition to a semipermeable dressing may reduce the rates of autoinoculation and contact transmission originating from the vaccination site in smallpox-vaccinated individuals.     

米非司酮片配伍欧维婷软膏在绝经后妇女取环中的作用

目的 探讨米非司酮片配伍欧维婷软膏在绝经后妇女取环中的效果。方法 将300例绝经后要求取环的妇女随机分为欧维婷组(实验组一)、欧维婷配伍米非司酮组(实验组二)和米非司酮组(对照组)各100例。实验组一术前7d予以欧维婷软膏0.5g/d,睡前阴道上药;实验组二术前7d予以每日欧维婷软膏0.5g,睡前阴道上药,并于术前3d分别于每日6Am及18Pm各口服米非司酮25mg;对照组仅术前3d在每日6Am及18Pm各口服米非司酮25mg,观察3组术中宫颈软化情况、手术时间、取环成功率、疼痛程度、阴道出血量及药物副反应。结果欧维婷组和欧维婷配伍米非司酮组与单用米非司酮组相比在宫颈软化程度、取环成功率、手术时间、疼痛程度及药物副反应等均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论 欧维婷软膏配伍米非司酮片有协同增效作用,应用于绝经后妇女取环安全、有效,成功率高,是一种值得临床推广使用的方法。     

湿润烧伤膏联合3M液体敷料治疗新生儿尿布皮炎的效果观察

目的:探讨湿润烧伤膏联合3M液体敷料治疗新生儿尿布皮炎的临床疗效。方法:对我院110例新生儿尿布皮炎患儿进行临床对照试验研究,使用硬币投掷法将患儿随机分为对照组(单独使用湿润烧伤膏)和试验组(湿润烧伤膏联用3M液体敷料),比较两组患儿治疗3 d时临床疗效、疼痛程度及不良反应。结果:试验组患儿创面愈合时间显著低于对照组患儿(P<0.05);试验组患儿疼痛程度2级、3级、4级人数少于对照组;两组患儿临床疗效比较,试验组治愈人数显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组患儿皮肤机械性损伤、继发过敏性皮炎的发生率显著低于对照组患儿(P<0.05)。结论:湿润烧伤膏联合3M液体敷料治疗新生儿尿布皮炎的临床疗效明显,可以显著改善患儿疼痛状况,减少临床不良事件发生率。     

湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎的疗效分析

目的探讨湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎的临床疗效。方法将2013年10月至2014年8月收治的34例失禁相关性皮炎患者随机分为两组,试验组(17例)采用湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗,对照组(17例)采用紫草油护理皮肤,观察两组患者皮炎创面的愈合效果及愈合时间。结果试验组治愈14例、好转3例、无效0例,对照组治愈7例、好转5例、无效5例,两组对比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组创面平均愈合时间为轻度3.7 d±1.4 d、中度5.9 d±1.5 d、重度7.2 d±0.9 d,对照组创面平均愈合时间为轻度5.9 d±1.2 d、中度8.2 d±1.3 d、重度11.3 d±0.7 d,两组对比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎疗效显著,愈合时间明显短于紫草油治疗者,值得临床推广。     

大黄甘草汤汤剂与煎膏剂中药效成分的比较研究

目的采用HPLC-DAD法分析大黄甘草汤剂和煎膏剂中12种药效组分。方法采用HypersilGold-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),体积流量0.8 mL/min,进样量20μL。二蒽酮类(流动相:甲醇–0.1%磷酸,梯度洗脱,时间25 min,柱温30℃,检测波长340 nm),蒽醌类(流动相:乙腈–0.1%磷酸,时间40 min,柱温20℃,检测波长254 nm),黄酮类和三萜类(流动相:乙腈–0.2%甲酸,梯度洗脱,时间55 min,柱温25℃,检测波长254、276、370 nm)。结果 2种二蒽酮类(番泻苷A、番泻苷B)和5种蒽醌类(大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚和芦荟大黄素)的含量在汤剂中明显低于煎膏剂。而三萜类(甘草酸)和3种黄酮类(甘草苷和异甘草苷、甘草素)的含量在汤剂中高于煎膏剂,特别是甘草苷。煎膏剂中12种成分的总量与汤剂相当。结论煎膏剂的制备方法可能更利于大黄中二蒽酮类和蒽醌类成分的溶出或延缓了二蒽酮类成分的分解,同时抑制了甘草中三萜类和黄酮类成分的溶出或加快了这些成分的分解速度。由于二蒽酮类和蒽醌类是本方发挥药效作用的主要成分,且是君药大黄中主成分,因此大黄甘草煎膏剂可能比汤剂更有效。     

京万红软膏上调PDGF mRNA表达改善大鼠缺血合并外伤型糖尿病足的研究

目的考察京万红软膏对大鼠缺血合并外伤型糖尿病足的疗效及作用机制。方法建立糖尿病大鼠模型,在此基础上建立大鼠缺血合并外伤型糖尿病足模型。实验设置4组,每组大鼠15只,分别为假手术组、模型组、京万红软膏组、重组人表皮生长因子外用溶液(rhEGF)组。给药14 d,记录给药前后大鼠体质量、血糖、足部形态及溃疡面积的变化情况。并于给药后取足部溃疡部位组织行HE染色,采用RT-PCR法检测京万红软膏对血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体FLT-1 mRNA表达的影响。结果京万红软膏对大鼠缺血合并外伤型糖尿病足具有消肿生肌,促进创面愈合的功效。与模型组相比,京万红软膏组给药14 d后可极显著减少大鼠足部外伤部位的溃疡面积(P0.01);可极显著上调PDGF mRNA的表达(P0.01)。结论京万红软膏对大鼠缺血合并外伤型糖尿病足具有促进伤口愈合的功效,可能与上调PDGF mRNA的表达相关,但对VEGF及其受体Flt-1 mRNA的表达没有影响。     

中西医结合治疗面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎疗效观察

目的:观察中西医结合治疗面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎的疗效。方法:98例患者,随机分成治疗组49例与对照组49例,治疗组口服百癣夏塔热片4片,3次/天,他克莫司软膏和湿润烧伤膏适量混匀,2次/天外搽患处;对照组仅给予他克莫司软膏外搽患处,2次/天。结果:两组痊愈率分别为68.89%,12.24%,有显著性差异;两组有效率分别为93.88%,40.81%,经比较有显著性差异。结论:中西医结合治疗面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎疗效显著。     

Traditional Chinese medicine for pressure ulcer: a meta‐analysis

To assess the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) [Chinese herbal medicine ointment (CHMO), acupuncture and moxibustion] on pressure ulcer. In this study, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTER, CBM, CNKI, WAN FANG and VIP for articles published from database inception up to 4 April 2011. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), which compared the effects of TCM with other interventions. We assessed the methodological quality of these trials using Cochrane risk of bias criteria. Ten of 565 potentially relevant trails that enrolled a total of 893 patients met our inclusion criteria. All the included RCTs only used CHMO intervention, because acupuncture and moxibustion trials failed to meet the inclusive criteria. A meta‐analysis showed beneficial effects of CHMO for pressure ulcer compared with other treatments on the total effective rate [risk ratio (RR): 1·28; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1·20–1·36; P = 0·53; I² = 0%), curative ratio (RR: 2·02; 95% CI: 1·73–2·35; P = 0·11; I² = 37%) and inefficiency rate (RR: 0·16; 95% CI: 0·02–0·80; P = 0·84; I² = 0%). However, the funnel plot indicated that there was publication bias in this study. The evidence that CHMO is effective for pressure ulcer is encouraging, but due to several caveats, not conclusive. Therefore, more rigorous studies seem warranted.     

高锰酸钾联合马应龙痔疮膏预防急性髓系白血病患者肛周感染的效果观察

目的 探讨高锰酸钾联合马应龙痔疮膏在预防急性髓系白血病化疗期间肛周感染的效果。方法 将60例急性髓系白血病患者随机分成对照组30例和观察组30例,两组患者均自化疗第1天开始,连续14天进行常规肛周护理。对照组用1:5000高锰酸钾液(39~41℃)坐浴15~20 min,每天1次,便后增加1次。观察组将1:5000高锰酸钾液(39~41℃)1000 mL,置于清洁容器中,用50 mL注射器抽吸药液反复冲洗肛周,直至药液冲洗完毕,待干后再将马应龙痔疮膏涂抹于肛周,每晚1次,大便后增加1次,观察两组患者肛周感染情况。结果 对照组患者有11例出现肛周感染,发生率为36.67%;观察组有2例出现肛周感染,发生率为6.67%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.95,P<0.05)。结论 高锰酸钾联合马应龙痔疮膏可有效预防急性髓系白血病患者化疗期间肛周感染的发生。     

一效膏治疗糖尿病足临床研究

目的:研究一效膏治疗糖尿病足患者溃疡创面的临床疗效。方法:应用随机数字表法将108例糖尿病足溃疡患者随机分为治疗组54例和对照组54例。两组患者给予基础治疗后,治疗组予一效膏外用治疗,对照组予康复新液外用治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后足部症状评分(包括创面缩小率、肉芽组织填充率、坏死组织附着率、创面渗出、疼痛)、创面组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)水平变化,比较两组临床疗效及安全性。结果:治疗后,治疗组创面缩小率评分、肉芽组织填充率评分、坏死组织附着率评分、疼痛程度足部症状评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组创面组织VEGF、PDGF水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗组临床总有效率94.44%,高于对照组的77.78%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者均未发生严重不良反应。结论:一效膏外用治疗糖尿病足溃疡,可明显改善足部症状评分,以及局部VEGF、PDGF水平,临床疗效较好。