Pharmacology of Schisandra chinensis Bail.: an overview of Russian research and uses in medicine

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Bail. is often referred to as an example of a medicinal plant with use in modern Chinese medicine. However, Schisandra chinensis first gained recognition as an adaptogen in the official medicine of the USSR in the early 1960s, principally as a result of the large number of pharmacological and clinical studies carried out by Russian scientists in the preceding two decades. Schizandra has now secured an established position within the medicine of Russia/USSR as evidenced by the inclusion of the drug in recent editions of the National Pharmacopoeia of the USSR and in the State Register of Drugs. Pharmacological studies on animals have shown that Schizandra increases physical working capacity and affords a stress-protective effect against a broad spectrum of harmful factors including heat shock, skin burn, cooling, frostbite, immobilisation, swimming under load in an atmosphere with decreased air pressure, aseptic inflammation, irradiation, and heavy metal intoxication. The phytoadaptogen exerts an effect on the central nervous, sympathetic, endocrine, immune, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal systems, on the development of experimental atherosclerosis, on blood sugar and acid-base balance, and on uterus myotonic activity. Studies on isolated organs, tissues, cells and enzymes have revealed that Schizandra preparations exhibit strong antioxidant activities and affect smooth muscles, arachidonic acid release, biosynthesis of leukotriene B(4) in leukocytes, platelet activating factor activity, carbohydrate-phosphorus metabolism, the formation of heat shock protein and polyamines, tissue respiration and oxygen consumption, and the tolerance of an organism to oxygen intoxication. In healthy subjects, Schizandra increases endurance and accuracy of movement, mental performance and working capacity, and generates alterations in the basal levels of nitric oxide and cortisol in blood and saliva with subsequent effects on the blood cells, vessels and CNS. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the efficiency of Schizandra in asthenia, neuralgic and psychiatric (neurosis, psychogenic depression, astheno-depressive states, schizophrenia and alcoholism) disorders, in impaired visual function, hypotension and cardiotonic disorders, in epidemic waves of influenza, in chronic sinusitis, otitis, neuritis and otosclerosis, in pneumonia, radioprotection of the fetoplacental system of pregnant women, allergic dermatitis, acute gastrointestinal diseases, gastric hyper- and hypo-secretion, chronic gastritis, stomach and duodenal ulcers, wound healing and trophic ulcers. This review describes the considerable diversity of pharmacological effects of Schisandra chinensis reported in numerous studies carried out in the former USSR and which have been confirmed over more than 40 years of use of the plant as an official medicinal remedy. Such knowledge can be applied in the expansion of the use of Schizandra in the pharmacotherapy of European and other countries as well as for the further discovery of new drugs based on the lignans that constitute the main secondary metabolites of this plant.     

米诺地尔酊联合复方甘草酸苷治疗斑秃疗效评价及对血清TNF-α、TGF-β1和IL-12的影响

目的：评价米诺地尔酊联合复方甘草酸苷治疗斑秃疗效及对血清TNF-α、TGF-β1和IL-12的影响。方法：回顾性选取2011年5月至2014年1月我院收治的斑秃患者共658例,运用随机数表法选取给予米诺地尔酊联合复方甘草酸苷片(55例)作为研究组和同期单纯给予复方酸草苷片作为对照组(55例),每组患者均持续给予治疗3个月,治疗前后观察两组疗效、SALT评分及血清TNF-α、TGF-β1、IL-12的水平。结果：治疗后对照组总有效率显著低于研究组,两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.565,P=0.000);治疗后两组SALT评分均明显降低(P=0.000),但研究组明显低于对照组,差异有显著性(P=0.000);治疗后对照组TNF-α、TGF-β1水平明显高于研究组,IL-12水平明显低于研究组,差异有显著性(P=0.035、0.006、0.000);组内比较,治疗后两组TNF-α和IL-12水平均明显降低,TGF-β1水平明显升高,差异有显著性(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率差异无显著性。结论：米诺地尔酊联合复方甘草酸苷治疗斑秃安全有效,可以调节斑秃患者血清细胞因子,改善毛发生长情况,值得临床推广。     

薄层色谱－紫外分光光度法测定速效止氧露中水杨酸的含量

采用薄层色谱－紫外分光光度法测定速效止痒露中水杨酸的含量，该法回收率为９８．８％，ＲＳＤ为１．０％，结果表明，该方法简便，重现性好，不受复方制剂中其它药物的干扰。     

大黄疱疹水质量控制的研究

本文应用比色法测定大黄疱疹水中主药大黄的大黄素含量；重量法测定冰片含量；滴定法测定枯矾含量；留样观察法考察制剂的稳定性。结果表明，方法简便可行，效果理想。     

蜂胶治疗急性冠周炎的疗效观察

目的:观察中西医结合方法与西医常规疗法治疗急性冠周炎的临床疗效.方法:对50例急性冠周炎患者用中西医结合的方法进行治疗(中西医结合组),48例用西医常规方法治疗(西医对照组),观察中西医结合组、西医对照组的效果和中西医结合组治疗前后的牙龈指数的变化.结果:中西医结合组显效率达72%,与对照组比较治疗效果有显著性差异(P＜0.01);与对照组比较治疗前后的牙龈指数下降,均有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:蜂胶有减轻炎症、疼痛,促进组织愈合,有利于急性冠周炎的治疗和康复.     

复方卡力孜然酊联合窄谱中波紫外线治疗白癜风疗效观察

目的 观察复方卡力孜然酊联合窄谱中波紫外线(NB-UVB)照射治疗白癜风的疗效.方法 外用复方卡力孜然酊30 min后接受NB-UVB照射组与单用NB-UVB照射治疗组进行对照研究.结果 3个疗程后,治疗组总有效率为70%,对照组总有效率为46.43%.结论 复方卡力孜然酊联合NB-UVB治疗白癜风有效.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定消肿止痛酊中乙醇的含量

目的 建立测定消肿止痛酊中乙醇含量的方法 . 方法 采用毛细管气相色谱法.以聚乙二醇石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)为色谱柱,正丙醇为内标物,用氢火焰离子检测器对消肿止痛酊中的乙醇进行含量测定.气相色谱条件为:柱箱温度采用程序升温的方式(初始温度80℃,以5℃/min程序升温至120℃);进样口温度为200℃;检测器温度为200℃;载气为氮气,流速为3ml/min. 结果 乙醇和正丙醇能达到良好分离;回归方程为Y=1.846 8X+0.007 6(r=0.999 9);乙醇的回收率为98.6%-101.4%. 结论 本方法 简便、准确、专属性强、重现性好,可用于消肿止痛酊中乙醇含量的测定.     

Simultaneous Determination of Contents of Three Active Components in Jiejia Tincture by HPLC Method

The objective of the study was to determine the contents of three active components in Jiejia tincture by establishing HPLC method. Test articles were prepared by ultrasonic extraction. Separation was performed using a Kromasil C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) chromatographic column, and gradient elution was performed with acetonitrile-0.3% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase at a volumetric flow rate of 0.80 mL/min. The contents of catechin, baicalin and berberine in Jiejia tincture were determined at the wavelength of 276 nm and a column temperature of 30 □. The results revealed that catechin showed a good linear relationship at the range of 100∼800 µg/mL (r=0.9997); baicalin showed a good linear relationship at the range of 15∼120 µg/mL (r=0.9996), and berberine at the range of 7∼56 µg/mL (r=0.9995). Their average recovery rates were 99.67% (RSD 1.01%, n=6), 98.7% (RSD 1.93%, n=6) and 100.5% (RSD 2.88%, n=6) respectively. The study concluded that the high-performance liquid chromatography established in this study was simple, accurate and reproducible, and can also be used in the determination of catechin, baicalin and berberine contents in Jiejia tincture.     

显微镜用于早期牙隐裂的诊断和治疗

目的：判断显微镜诊断早期牙隐裂的效果并对确诊的早期牙隐裂病例进行治疗.方法：应用显微镜结合2.5％的碘酊染色对疑有早期牙隐裂的患牙进行检测,与单独使用2.5％的碘酊染色的诊断效果进行比较,对确诊病例进行治疗.结果：45例患牙（A组）应用显微镜检测出牙隐裂41例,检测准确率91.1％,45例患牙（B组）应用2.5％的碘酊染色检测出牙隐裂31例,检测准确率71.1％.两组经统计学分析有显著性差异（P＜0.01）.结论：显微镜检测诊断牙隐裂的方法有效、快捷,可以避免早期牙隐裂的误诊及漏诊.     

玉津酒中金属元素检测分析

目的:探讨玉津酒12种金属元素的含量.方珐:应用WFX-2型原子吸收分光光度计测定玉津酒Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe、Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb、Ca、Mg、Na、K等12种金属元素的含量.结果:上述12种金属元素中除Mg外均有不同含量测出,其中玉津酒1号样品中Zn、Fe金属元素含量高于其它3个样品的含量.结论:玉津酒含有多种金属元素,具有调节机体免疫功能的作用,可改善类风湿性关节炎的症状和体征.