Susceptibility to ketoconazole of Candida albicans strains from sequentially followed HIV-1 patients with recurrent oral candidosis

The MIC values of the antifungal drug ketoconazole were evaluated on 66 Candida albicans strains. These strains were isolated from 26 HIV-1 infected patients with oral recurrent candidosis. Each episode of oral candidosis observed in these patients was orally treated with ketoconazole (200 mg/day) until the clinical disappearance of the lesions. The most frequent MIC values were 20 micrograms/ml and 10 micrograms/ml, observed in 37 and 19 isolates respectively. Only strains from five patients showed changes in their susceptibility to ketoconazole. This fact could indicate that a different strain causes the subsequent reappearance of the oral lesions, rather than the drug selecting resistant fungal strains. Our results stress the role of host characteristics in the occurrence of candidal infections, pointing to the progressing failure of the immunological response as the most important factor responsible for the recurrence of oral candidosis during HIV-1 infection.     

Opitz (BBB/G) syndrome: Oral manifestations

We studied a new case of the G (Opitz BBB/G) syndrome in a 12-year-old boy. Several relatives had partial manifestations of the disorder. A comprehensive dental evaluation of the propositus was conducted; included is, to our knowledge, the first published cephalometric analysis of a G syndrome patient. We reviewed 139 cases of the G syndrome; 48 of them had at least one oral abnormality. These included clefting, micrognathia, ankyloglossia, and high-arched palate. Male G syndrome patients are more likely to have oral anomalies than affected females. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Treatment of gingival lichen with free palatal grafts

BACKGROUND: Recalcitrant gingival erythematous lichen planus/lichenoid lesions comprise a considerable therapeutic problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of grafting keratinized oral palatal mucosa to the sites of gingival lichen. METHODS: In 12 patients 20 grafts were transplanted to buccal gingival lesions. Mean age of the patients was 59.8 +/- 7.1 years (range 46-71 years). The mean observation time was 32 +/- 32.7 months (range 5-97 months). RESULTS: On a 4-point clinical grade scale (0-3), 12 (60%) transplants showed complete healing grade 3, six (30%) grade 2 and two (10%) grade 1. CONCLUSIONS: Using oral mucosal grafts from the palatal mucosa for the treatment of recalcitrant erythematous gingival lichen planus/lichenoid lesions seems to be a promising treatment modality.     

大鼠脑内儿茶酚胺类递质及其代谢物的同时提取及反向高效液相测定法

目的建立一种操作简便、高效的测定脑组织中去甲肾上腺素(NA)、肾上腺素(AD)、多巴胺(DA)、3,4二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)及高香草酸(HVA)的方法,为有关药物作用机理的研究提供实验手段.方法以有机溶剂提取,高效液相色谱--电化学检测器(HPLC-EC)测定大鼠纹状体、皮质、下丘脑NA、AD、DA、DOPAC及HVA的含量.结果测得NA、AD、DA、DOPAC及HVA的绝对回收率依次分别为:80.3%±12.4%,86.5%±14.3%,90.3%±12.1%,89.5%±17.2%、87.6%±[13].2%.线性范围0.2～20ng,批内与批间变异系数分别小于8%及10%.结论该方法具有简便、迅速、回收率较高的特点,便于实验室应用.     

高效液相色谱法测定不同部位两面针原植物中L-芝麻脂素和L-细辛脂素的含量

目的　建立两面针原植物中L-芝麻脂素和L-细辛脂素的测定方法,并测定两面针不同部位两者的含量。方法　采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）,色谱柱为HYPERSIL　BDS　C18,流动相为乙腈:水（50:50）,检测波长287nm。结果　L-芝麻脂素和L-细辛脂素的平均回收率和相对标准差分别为100.13％、1.61％和101.24％、1.46％。结论　此法可用于两面针的质量控制。两面针原植物根部的被测成分含量最高。     

Comparison of fibre optic transillumination with clinical and radiographic caries diagnosis

Fibre optic transillumination (FOTI) has been employed during the course of a 3-yr clinical dentifrice trial which initially involved 3003 children. At the initial examination, a subgroup of 813 13-yr-olds, and at the following annual visit, 2247 14-yr-olds, were examined using a 150 W lamp and 0.5 mm diameter probe. Routine clinical and radiographic examinations were performed separately. Compared to the clinical scores for anterior teeth, FOTI detected an additional 64% of interproximal lesions at the first visit while, for the larger number of children at the second visit, the increase in lesion detection level using FOTI was 37%. For the posterior teeth the comparable figure at the second examination was 92%. When FOTI data were compared to radiographic data for more than 52,000 posterior interproximal surfaces, FOTI could only detect 17% of radiographic Grade 2 lesions and 48% Grade 3 lesions. Thus any assumption that FOTI diagnoses may be a substitute for bitewing radiography appears premature.     

Prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors in candidates for orthodontic treatment

Abstract  – The dental records made on presentation of 1367 consecutive patients (731 females and 636 males) for orthodontic treatment at a private orthodontic practice between 1998 and 2002 were examined for data relating to trauma to the permanent incisors. The results showed that 10.3% of these patients had suffered from dental trauma before the onset of orthodontic treatment. The highest prevalence of dental trauma was determined in the 11–15 years age group, corresponding to the dental developmental stage of the late mixed dentition. The most frequently affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors (79.6%), and the most common types of trauma were fracture of enamel–dentin without pulpal involvement (42.7%) and fracture of enamel (33.8%). Compared to patients with normal overjet and adequate lip coverage, the frequency of dental trauma was significantly higher in patients with increased overjet and adequate lip coverage ( P  = 0.028) or with increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage ( P  = 0.003). The results of the present study indicate that a significant percentage of candidates for orthodontic treatment, and especially those with increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage, suffer trauma to their permanent incisors before the onset of orthodontic treatment. It might also be concluded that preventive orthodontic treatment of such patients should be initiated and completed before the age of 11, i.e. in the early to middle mixed dentition.     

The immunohistology of CD40 in human oral epithelium in health and disease

BACKGROUND: CD40 has a role in the regulation of immune responses, cell proliferation and migration, and apoptosis. Little is known of its distribution in oral mucosal pathology. METHODS: Oral keratinocyte lines were tested for CD40 protein by Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was used to stain paraffin sections of oral mucosa in health and in inflammatory, reactive, dysplastic and malignant disease. RESULTS: Western blotting confirmed the presence of CD40 in oral keratinocytes. CD40 was generally expressed by keratinocytes in the basal layer, with variable parabasal expression. Langerhans cells also stained positively. Expression was lost in nine of 33 (27%) epithelial dysplasias, seven of which were severe. Eighty-one percent of well, 69% of moderately and 50% of poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) expressed CD40. Overall, 45 of 65 (69%) OSCC were positive. The pattern of expression was unrelated to tumour differentiation. CONCLUSION: CD40 expression by basal and parabasal oral keratinocytes is physiological. Expression is lost in approximately one-third of oral epithelial dysplasias and OSCC. The significance of such loss remains unknown, but may be related to immunological or other abnormalities of keratinocyte homeostasis.