Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Cardiovascular Diseases Mortality in a Large Young Cohort of Nearly 300,000 Adults (Age 20–39)

(1) Background: The association of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in younger adults (age 20–39) is rarely mentioned in the literature. Younger adults are less vulnerable to CVDs, but they tend to consume more SSBs. This prospective study aimed to assess the association between CVD mortality and SSBs in younger adults between 1994 and 2017. (2) Methods: The cohort enrolled 288,747 participants consisting of 139,413 men and 148,355 women, with a mean age 30.6 ± 4.8 years, from a health surveillance program. SSBs referred to any drink with real sugar added, such as fructose corn syrup or sucrose. One serving of SSB contains about 150 Kcal of sugar in 12 oz of drink. Cox models were used to estimate the mortality risk. (3) Results: There were 391 deaths from CVDs in the younger adults, and the positive association with CVD mortality started when SSB intake was ≥2 servings/day (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.16–2.17). With mortalities from diabetes and kidney disease added to CVDs, the so-called expanded CVD mortality risk was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.11–2.01). By excluding CVD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and smoking), the CVD mortality risk increased to 2.48 (95% CI: 1.33–4.62). The dose–response relationship persisted (p < 0.05 for trend) in every model above. (4) Conclusions: Higher intake of SSBs (≥2 servings/day) was associated with increased CVD mortality in younger adults. The younger adults (age 20–39) with SSB intake ≥2 servings/day had a 50% increase in CVD mortality in our study, and the mortality risk increased up to 2.5 times for those without CVD risk factors. The dose–response relationship between the quantity of SSB intake and the mortality risk of CVD in younger adults discourages SSB intake for the prevention of CVD mortality.     

The effect of voluntary termination of pregnancy on female sexual and emotional well-being in different age groups

Introduction: To evaluate the impact of voluntary termination of pregnancy (VTOP) on the psycho-sexological well-being of females before/six months after the abortion.

Methods: A sample of 194 women was recruited from three obstetrics and gynaecological divisions. The women were evaluated for the variables “sexual functioning” with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), “depression” with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and “anxiety state” with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) at time 0 (the beginning of the abortion procedure) and time 1 (six months after the abortion). Since 24 women refused to fill out the questionnaires, the final sample was composed of 170 women.

Results: The women showed a slight although significant improvement in the mean FSFI score from time 0 (16.7?±?12.9) to time 1 (20.9?±?13.8) (p?p?=?0.0241). The sub-group of younger women (18–25) showed a lesser increase in FSFI score from time 0 to time 1. In addition, both depression (p?=?0.048) and anxiety (p?Discussion: Voluntary TOP may influence the sexuality of younger females differently from how it influences that of older women. Hence, the sexuality of younger female should be regularly supervised in follow-up examinations.     

情志神概念辨析

"七情"、"五志"是中医基础理论中两个重要的概念,在病因学中多情志并称,因此有些学者便将"七情"与"五志"等同起来,还有人将"神"也与七情混为一谈。但实际上,情、志、神是3个既密切相关,又有所区别的概念。     

克幽胶囊治疗HP相关性消化性溃疡临床研究

目的 :观察克幽胶囊对 HP相关性消化性溃疡的临床疗效。方法 :将 76例 HP相关性消化性溃疡患者随机分为治疗组 5 0例 ,口服克幽胶囊 ,对照组 2 6例 ,口服常规剂量的丽珠得乐冲剂。结果 :中医证候疗效比较 ,治疗组总有效率 90 % ,对照组总有效率为 5 3.85 % ,两组比较差异有非常显著性意义 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,溃疡疗效比较 ,治疗组总有效率 86% ,对照组总有效率 5 3.85 % ,两组比较差异有非常显著性意义 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;幽门螺杆菌清除率比较 ,治疗组总清除率为 72 % ,对照组总清除率为 38.46% ,两组比较差异有非常显著性意义 ( P<0 .0 1 )。结论 :克幽胶囊具有改善症状、溃疡愈合 ,抗幽门螺杆菌的作用     

益肾法对原发性高血压患者血管内皮细胞NO-NOS系统的影响

目的:探讨益肾中药对原发性高血压患者血管内皮细胞一氧化氮—氧化氮合成酶(NO-NOS)系统的影响。方法:观察30例原发性高血压患者采用益肾法治疗前后血清一氧化氮(NO)含量、一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)活力及NOS含量的变化。结果:益肾法治疗后,患者NO含量、NOS活力及NOS含量明显提高(P0.05)。结论:益肾法通过对NO-NOS系统的调控,从而降低高血压对血管内皮细胞(VEC)的损伤。     

浅谈《金匮要略心典》的学术思想

《金匮要略心典》是清代著名医家尤怡的代表作。该书不但内容通俗易通,深入浅出地阐述原著深奥文义,而且更有许多独到见解及应用发挥。本文从作者生平、主要内容与版本介绍、主要学术思想及影响3个方面对其作简要的阐述。     

溃疡油治疗糖尿病足溃疡临床疗效观察

目的观察溃疡油治疗糖尿病足溃疡的临床疗效。方法将50例湿热蕴结型糖尿病足溃疡患者随机分为治疗组28例、对照组22例,2组除相同的基础治疗外,治疗组使用溃疡油外敷,对照组使用祛腐生肌膏外敷,2组均以28d为1个疗程。对2组溃疡面愈合情况疗效及治疗后溃疡面积分进行比较。结果溃疡面愈合情况疗效治疗组28例中治愈12例(42.86%),显效10例(35.71%),有效4例(14.29%),无效2例(7.14%),总有效率为92.86%;对照组22例中治愈5例(22.73%),显效5例(22.73%),有效4例(18.18%),无效8例(36.36%),总有效率为63.64%。治疗组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后溃疡面积分中创周浸润带积分2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组肉芽生长时间积分、创周肿胀积分、脓液渗出积分、创面缩小率积分及疼痛积分较对照组明显减少,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论溃疡油外用治疗糖尿病足溃疡具有良好的临床疗效。     

Validity and power considerations on hypothesis testing under minimization

Minimization, a dynamic allocation method, is gaining popularity especially in cancer clinical trials. Aiming to achieve balance on all important prognostic factors simultaneously, this procedure can lead to a substantial reduction in covariate imbalance compared with conventional randomization in small clinical trials. While minimization has generated enthusiasm, some controversy exists over the proper analysis of such a trial. Critics argue that standard testing methods that do not account for the dynamic allocation algorithm can lead to invalid statistical inference. Acknowledging this limitation, the International Conference on Harmonization E9 guideline suggests that ‘the complexity of the logistics and potential impact on analyses be carefully evaluated when considering dynamic allocation’. In this article, we investigate the proper analysis approaches to inference in a minimization design for both continuous and time‐to‐event endpoints and evaluate the validity and power of these approaches under a variety of scenarios both theoretically and empirically. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA     

D-半乳糖联合对氯苯丙氨酸致肾不藏志不寐大鼠下丘脑神经递质和凋亡基因的实验研究

目的:观察D-半乳糖联合对氯苯丙氨酸(PCPA)致肾不藏志不寐大鼠下丘脑神经递质和凋亡基因的变化。方法:40只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、老年组、失眠组、肾不藏志不寐组(模型组),每组10只。老年组大鼠给予D-半乳糖皮下注射,失眠组给予对PCPA腹腔注射,肾不藏志不寐组给予D-半乳糖皮下注射联合PCPA腹腔注射建立模型,对照组给予等剂量生理盐水注射。造模结束后测量各组大鼠体质量、采用水迷宫观察大鼠定位航行探索运动轨迹、采用RT-PCR法检测各组大鼠下丘脑GABAARα1、GABAARβ2、GABAARγ2、Bax、Bcl-2 mRNA的相对表达量。结果:与空白组比较,模型组体质量显著降低(P<0.01);定位航行探索运动轨迹显著延长;模型组下丘脑GABAARα1、GABAARβ2、GABAARγ2、Bcl-2mRNA相对表达量均显著性降低(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.05);下丘脑Bax mRNA相对表达量显著性增加(P<0.05)。结论:D-半乳糖联合PCPA致肾不藏志不寐大鼠下丘脑睡眠相关的神经递质和凋亡基因表达发生改变。     

Second‐look endoscopy with thermal coagulation or injections for peptic ulcer bleeding: A meta‐analysis

Background and Aims: In the management of peptic ulcer bleeding, the benefits of second‐look endoscopic treatment with thermal coagulation or injections in controlling recurrent bleeding is unsure. This study set out to compare efficacy of routine second‐look endoscopy with treatment using either thermal coagulation or injections versus single endoscopy by pooling data from published work. Methods: Full publications in the English‐language published work as well as abstracts in major international conferences were searched over the past 10 years, and six trials fulfilling the search criteria were found. Outcome measurements included: (i) recurrent bleeding; (ii) requirement of surgical intervention; and (iii) mortality. We examined heterogeneity of trials and pooled the effects by meta‐analysis. The quality of studies was graded according to the prospective randomization, methods of patient allocation, the list of exclusion criteria, outcome definitions and the predefined salvage procedures for uncontrolled bleeding. Results: Among 998 patients recruited in these five randomized trials, 119 received routine second‐look endoscopy with thermal coagulation, and 374 received second‐look with endoscopic injection and 505 had single endoscopic therapy. Less recurrent bleeding was reported after thermal coagulation (4.2%) than single endoscopy (15.7%) (relative risk [RR] = 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11–0.73), but no reduction was reported for the requirement of surgical intervention and all‐cause mortality. Injection therapy did not reduce re‐bleeding (17.6%) when compared to single endoscopy (20.8%; RR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.63–1.14), requirement for surgery and mortality. Conclusion: Routine second‐look endoscopy with thermal coagulation, but not injection therapy, reduced recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding. There is no proven benefit in reducing surgical intervention and overall mortality.