Zinc and copper in infants fed breast-milk or different formula

In 129 term infants at birth and at the age of 4 months, zinc and copper concentrations of plasma and urine were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the values correlated to other biochemical parameters and somatic data. Of the infants, 49 were exclusively breast-fed, 44 fed with various commercially available cow's milk formula, 35 fed with a hypollergenic formula (cows's milk whey hydrolysate, commercially available, supplemented with zinc and copper). Plasma zinc values declined from birth to the age of 4 months in all three groups (P<0.001). In formula fed children, 4 months old, the values (11.1±1.7 mol Zn/l) were significantly lower than in breast-fed (12.2±1.7 mol Zn/l;P=0.004) or babies on hypo-allergenic formula (12.4±1.6 mol Zn/l;P=0.0015). In accordance with the literature plasma copper and caeruloplasmin values increased significantly within the first 4 months of life, the plasma levels were similar in either feeding group, only urinary copper excretion was higher in male infants on hypoallergenic formula (P<0.03) at the age of 4 months. There were no correlations between zinc or copper values and alkaline phosphatase. In infants on hypo-allergenic formula there was a negative correlation between plasma zinc and weight or height increments. Despite different zinc and copper supply, presumedly different bioavailability, and different plasma zinc values, all infants thrived and weight and length increments were similar in each group.     

益肾Ⅰ方对阿霉素诱导大鼠肾病综合征的治疗作用

目的 :探讨益肾Ⅰ方水提取物和六味地黄胶囊对阿霉素 (ADM)致大鼠肾病综合征的作用。方法 :以ipADM 3mg·kg-1·d-1,q3d× 3d诱导大鼠肾病综合征模型 ,观察益肾Ⅰ方高和低剂量组及六味地黄对病鼠肾功能、血脂、血浆蛋白、肾组织病理学和抗氧化作用的影响。结果 :与模型对照组比较 ,益肾Ⅰ方 2个剂量和六味地黄胶囊均能降低病鼠高值尿素氮和肌酐水平及总胆固醇、三酰甘油和丙二醛含量 (P <0 .0 1) ,提高病鼠低下的总蛋白和白蛋白含量 (P <0 .0 1) ,增强超氧化物岐化酶活性 (P <0 .0 1) ;改善病鼠肾组织病理学的改变 (P <0 .0 1) ,但六味地黄对病鼠肾组织病理学的改变 ,则差异未见显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。在上述各观察指标中 ,各药间的作用强度差异也未见显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :益肾Ⅰ方和六味地黄胶囊均具有对抗阿霉素性大鼠肾病综合征的氮质血症、低蛋白血症和高脂血症作用。     

黄春林教授治疗老年慢性肾功能衰竭经验介绍

介绍黄春林教授运用中医药治疗老年慢性肾功能衰竭的经验。黄教授认为脾肾亏虚、湿浊瘀阻是本病的基本病理因素，虚实并见则是本病的发病特点，及早诊断是有效治疗本病的前提。并阐述了中药肾衰康方在治疗本病中的作用机制及大黄的使用技巧。     

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status and early growth of low birth weight infants

We correlated arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status with anthropometric measures and growth rates in a group of low birth weight infants (≤2500 g; gestational ages 30–41 weeks; n = 143). AA and DHA status were measured in erythrocytes (RBC) and plasma cholesterol esters (CE) during days 10 to 42. Infants received preterm formula without long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP; n = 81), with LCP (n = 29) or maternal milk (n = 33). RBC AA contents on day 10 were correlated (P < 0.05) with birth weight in breast-fed infants and all formula-fed infants, with on day 10 a standard deviation score (SDS) for weight, length and occipito-frontal circumference in all formula-fed infants, and with on day 10 an SDS for length in breast-fed infants. Brain weight was related to RBC DHA and CE DHA contents on both day 10 and day 42 in formula-fed infants. Of the variances of brain growth parameters on day 42, 21–34% were explained by DHA status on day 42 and protein intake from days 10–42. Conclusion We conclude that parameters of early neonatal AA status are related to intra-uterine rather than to post-natal growth. Parameters of post-natal brain growth are related to RBC DHA and CE DHA contents on day 42, and to dietary protein intake. These results point to the importance of dietary DHA for brain growth in the first 6 post-natal weeks. Received: 23 July 1996 / Received in revised form and accepted: 18 June 1997     

Fatty acid balance studies in term infants fed formula milk containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP) are thought to be required for optimal nervous system development in the newborn. A commercial milk formula containing LCP (Aptamil-LCP) with a fatty acid profile closely resembling breast milk, has recently been introduced for term infants. The absorption of fatty acids in term infants was examined in a double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing Aptamil-LCP ( n = 20) and standard Aptamil ( n = 20). Formula-fed newborn infants were studied from birth for 14 d. Fat balances (3 d) were performed from d 10. A 3-d stool collection was performed from d 10 in a parallel breastfed group ( n = 21). Plasma samples were taken on d 6. Median fat excretion (mg kg⁻¹) was 897.1, 615.0 and 355.2 with Aptamil, Aptamil-LCP and breastfeeding, respectively. The median total fat absorption coefficient in Aptamil-LCP-fed infants was higher than in those fed standard Aptamil ( p < 0:01). These findings were accounted for by differences in the excretion and absorption of long-chain saturated fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0). Higher fat excretion was associated with bulkier and firmer stools. Only trace amounts of LCP were detected in the stools of all groups. This accounted for less than 4% of dietary intake in Aptamil-LCP-fed infants. No differences in the utilization of LCP from Aptamil-LCP and breast milk feeding were apparent. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition data reflected differences in dietary LCP intake. Thus, PL LCP levels were highest in the breastfed infants and lowest in the Aptamil-fed infants, with values for the Aptamil-LCP-fed group falling in between.     

鹿角方对实验性心力衰竭兔血流动力学的影响

采用腹主动脉半结扎术复制家兔慢性心衰模型，发现术后１２ｄ其心脏重量指数增加，心脏舒张、收缩功能降低，与假手术组和正常对照组相比，差异显著。给心衰兔喂服鹿角方，可显著改善其心脏收缩功能，但对舒张功能无明显作用     

精制芎归缓释滴丸的制备

目的:筛选水溶性和水不溶性载体的种类、配比,研究缓释滴丸剂的成型处方。方法:以圆整度、硬度、料液的黏度、流动性、易滴制程度、累计释放百分数等为考察指标,采用正交设计试验对精制芎归缓释滴丸的成型处方进行优选。结果与结论:按照选定的处方既能有一定的速释量,还能保证10h持续释药80%以上,达到了释药设计目的。     

补肾益气方对流产大鼠胎盘孕酮生成通路的影响

目的:探讨补肾益气方对流产大鼠胎盘孕酮生成通路中相关重要上游因素低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)、细胞色素P450链裂解酶(P450scc)、3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3β-HSD)的影响及其与孕酮(P)分泌的关系。方法:溴隐亭皮内注射法建立流产大鼠模型,分别于孕1-8 d、1-11 d灌服补肾益气方药,黄体酮肌注作为阳性对照组,采用放免法测定大鼠血清P水平;RT-PCR技术检测LDLR、P450scc、3β-HSD在不同组动物胎盘中的mRNA表达。结果:模型组LDLR、P450scc、3β-HSD mRNA表达较正常对照组明显降低;中药组及黄体酮组不同程度提高模型大鼠胎盘LDLR、P450scc、3β-HSD mRNA表达,表达强度随孕天和给药时间逐渐升高,与血P有显著相关性。结论:补肾益气方清热益气、固肾安胎,能调控胎盘滋养细胞LDLR、P450scc、3β-HSD基因表达,促进孕激素合成分泌增加,从而达到保胎维持妊娠的目的。     

复方桉叶油素缓释驱避剂的研制

目的研制高效驱避剂.方法在实验室筛选最佳配方,然后在野外进行效果评价.结果涂擦复方桉叶油素缓释驱避剂后,在14 h内对蚊的驱避率为100%;10 h内对蠓的驱避率为100%,11h后为92.8%,14 h后为82.6%.结论复方桉叶油素缓释驱避剂对吸血昆虫具有很好的驱避效果.     

金实教授中医药治疗系统性红斑狼疮伴中枢神经损害的临床经验

金实教授认为,系统性红斑狼疮伴中枢神经损害癫痫发作病理因素以风、痰、瘀、毒为主,常用经验方定痫汤加减;以发作性头痛为特点的中枢神经损害患者,配合经验方活血定痛汤加减;中枢神经损害症状不严重者,标本同治,以益肾化毒的狼疮方合定痫汤治疗。