不同生产厂家赤芍配方颗粒中单萜苷类化合物含量比较

目的比较不同厂家生产的赤芍配方颗粒中单萜苷类化合物(吡啶芍药苷、牡丹皮苷F、氧化白芍苷、氧化芍药苷、10-羟基芍药苷、白芍苷、芍药苷、oxypaeonidanin、4-甲氧基-氧化芍药苷、没食子酰基芍药苷、4-甲氧基芍药苷、白芍苷R_1、paeonidanin、苯甲酰氧化芍药苷、苯甲酰芍药苷)的含量差异,为制定统一的质量标准奠定基础。方法采用Zorbax SB-Aq C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈和磷酸二氢钾缓冲盐(pH 2.8)溶液,梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长260 nm。结果芍药苷、白芍苷和氧化芍药苷是赤芍配方颗粒中含量最高的3种单萜苷类化合物,且不同厂家生产的赤芍配方颗粒中主要单萜苷类化合物的含量差异较大。样品CSPFKL-KRT中芍药苷和氧化芍药苷的含量最高,样品中质量分数分别为73.214mg/g和16.935mg/g,白芍苷的质量分数最低,为2.343mg/g。而样品CSPFKL-XLS中芍药苷和氧化芍药苷的质量分数最低,样品中分别为26.327 mg/g和4.165 mg/g,白芍苷的质量分数最高18.893 mg/g。结论不同厂家生产的赤芍配方颗粒中主要单萜苷类化合物的含量差异较大,可能会对临床应用产生影响。建立统一的质量标准对于赤芍配方颗粒的质量控制具有重要作用。     

Herb formula enhances treatment of impotent patients after penile venous stripping: a randomised clinical trials

Herbs have been regarded as aphrodisiacs in treating impotence for many centuries despite little true scientific evidence. Our latest refined penile venous stripping (PVS) technique is effective in treating impotence, although this procedure remains controversial. A synergic effect of PVS and oral herbs was confirmed in our practice but lacked rigorous scientific proof. The objective of this report was to review our experience with this combination. From August 2010 to May 2014, 263 males underwent PVS. Among these, 67 unsatisfied men chose additional salvage therapy and were randomly assigned to oral herbs (n = 35) or placebo treatment (n = 32) which replaced herb eventually. All were evaluated with the international index of erectile function (IIEF‐5) scoring and our dual pharmaco‐cavernosography. The pre‐op IIEF‐5 score for the herb group was 9.7 ± 3.7, post‐operative 13.9 ± 3.3 and post‐herb 19.6 ± 3.4, while the control group scores were as follows: pre‐op 9.3 ± 4.1, post‐op 14.5 ± 3.6, post‐placebo 15.1 ± 3.5 and post‐herb 19.9 ± 3.2. Although there was no significant difference between the two groups pre‐operatively, post‐operatively and post‐herb, a statistically significant difference was found post‐salvage therapy (19.6 ± 3.4 versus 15.1 ± 3.6, P < 0.001). It appears that the combination of oral herbs and PVS treatment provides an enhanced outcome to impotent patients refractory to medicine and unsatisfied with PVS monotherapy alone.     

The Survey ofCronobacterspp. (formerlyEnterbacter sakazakii) in Infant and Follow-up Powdered Formula in China in 2012

ObjectiveTo determineCronobacterspp.contamination in infant and follow-up powdered formula in China. MethodsAll of 2282 samples were collected from theretailmarkets in China from January 2012 to December 2012, and analyzed forCronobacter spp.by theChineseNationalFood Safety Standard. Characterization of the isolates was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) withXbaI and SpeI restriction enzymes. ResultsCronobacterspp. strains were isolated from 25 samples, and the positive rates ininfant powdered formulas and follow-up powdered formulas were 0.90% (10/1011) and 1.18% (15/1271), respectively. Analysis of variable data regarding different purchasing store formats, seasonality, and production locations as well as comparison of infant versus follow-up formulas did not reveal statistically significant factors. During the sampling period, one of six surveillance zones did exhibit a statistically significant trend towards higher positive rate. PFGE characterization ofCronobacterspp.to elucidate genetic diversity revealed only three pairs ofCronobacterspp.out of 25 having the same PFGE patterns. ConclusionThe current investigation indicated a lower positive rate ofCronobacterspp.in the powdered formula in China.This evidence suggested contamination originating from multiple different sources during the manufacturing process.     

不同处方复方丹参黏附微丸黏附性能的评价

目的考察不同处方复方丹参黏附微丸的黏附性能,从而筛选出黏附性能较为合适的处方。方法以壳聚糖、羟丙基甲基纤维素K100M(HPMCK100M)、卡波姆为黏附材料,制备不同处方的复方丹参黏附微丸,并对其黏附性能进行测定。体外黏附性能的测定采用了最小剥离力法即测定黏附微丸与猪小肠的剥离力,组织残留法即测定微丸在猪小肠的滞留数。体内黏附性能的测定采用了直接灌胃法,通过测定微丸在小肠各部位的滞留数目,计算其黏附指数。结果组织残留法试验结果在相同时间内黏附材料占比40%的微丸残留数目较黏附材料占比30%的微丸多,最小剥离力法试验结果表明黏附材料占比40%的微丸其最小剥离力较大,同组织残留法结果一致。体内黏附试验显示黏附材料占比40%的微丸其黏附指数较小,但在胃中有一定的滞留。结论当黏附材料总占比一致时,各处方之间黏附性能并没有显著性差异,黏附材料增加时其黏附性能也会增加,但会增加在胃中的滞留时间,可能会破坏方中的有效成分。     

中药小包装饮片的历史源流及其调剂规范化操作的思考

目的传承历代中药调剂操作经验,规范现代中药小包装饮片调剂操作技术。方法通过查阅历代古籍和现代文献,系统整理和分析中药饮片小包装的历史渊源、使用利弊、包装选择、使用现状及调剂规程等五方面情况,回顾小包装饮片的发展历程,总结调剂操作经验,编排现代调剂操作规程。结果中药小包装饮片调剂具有独特的优势,"审、摆、看、对、拿、掂、分、核、包、发"的"十字口诀"是其主要操作要点。结论中药小包装饮片调剂"十字口诀"易记、易懂、易操作,提高临床调剂质量、规范调剂技能具有指导意义。     

益气补肾方含药血清对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖转移及CD44+EpCAM+干细胞比例的影响

目的 探讨益气补肾方含药血清对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖转移能力及CD44⁺EpCAM⁺干细胞比例的影响。方法 分别以低、中、高不同浓度益气补肾方含药血清及空白血清干预人胃癌细胞SGC-7901。采用MTT法检测24,48,72 h细胞增殖抑制率,Transwell小室检测胃癌细胞迁移侵袭能力。采用5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）共培养富集胃癌干细胞,流式细胞术检测药物干预后CD44⁺EpCAM⁺干细胞比例。结果 干预48,72 h后,益气补肾方组细胞增殖抑制率显著高于同时期阴性对照组及空白对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Transwell结果显示,与阴性对照组和空白对照组比较,益气补肾方各组透膜细胞数显著降低,迁移能力受明显抑制,差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.01）。流式细胞术结果显示,终浓度为20 μg·mL^-1的5-Fu共培养24 h后,胃癌干细胞比例显著提升,益气补肾方干预后各组细胞中CD44⁺EpCAM⁺干细胞比例均下调,中、高浓度组与模型对照组相比,差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 益气补肾方含药血清能显著抑制人胃癌细胞SGC-7901增殖,并呈时间、剂量相关性,其抗转移作用可能与下调胃癌干细胞表面标志物CD44、EpCAM表达,降低CD44⁺EpCAM⁺干细胞比例有关。     

中红外光谱法评价6家企业生产的黄柏、茯苓和熟地黄配方颗粒的质量

目的 用中红外光谱技术对6家企业生产的黄柏、茯苓及熟地黄3种配方颗粒进行质量考察,分析了不同企业配方颗粒的一致性。方法 以峰位、峰形、相对峰强度或主要标准峰个数等为考察指标,对不同企业生产的同一品种的配方颗粒与标准药材及自制提取物的谱图进行对比,分析三者之间的差异（相似度）。结果 6家企业的黄柏配方颗粒在1 604、1 507 cm^-1处特征峰的相对峰高的变化不同,其原药材质量可能存在差异;茯苓配方颗粒因采用辅料种类不一,中红外光谱图差异明显;熟地黄配方颗粒因原药材投料比不同,随着辅料含量的增加,与熟地黄提取物的相关系数降低。结论 中红外光谱具有操作简单、快速、专属性强、不需要对样品进行分离等优点,尤其是揭示不同企业的同一种配方颗粒因采用原药材的品质、辅料不同等因素所造成质量差异,因此,中红外光谱技术为保证配方颗粒的均一性提供了客观的分析手段和数据支撑。     

重组人干扰素α2b注射液稳定性研究

目的 考察重组人干扰素α2b注射液的稳定性.方法 按照＆lt;中国药典＆gt;2010年三部的方法进行检测,其中干扰素蛋白纯度采用高效液相法测定,光照试验、振摇试验、冻融试验、加速试验、低温长期留样观察方法均采用药典方法.结果 除了冻融试验中反复冻融8次后和加速试验中（37±2）℃放置3个月,干扰素α2b效价下降至理论值的80%以下,其余试验抽样点均符合质量标准的规定.结论 该品在避光,2~8 ℃密闭的储存条件下性质稳定,贮存期可为2年左右.     

Burn resuscitation on the African continent

A survey of members of the International Society of Burn Injuries (ISBI) and the American Burn Association (ABA) indicated that although there was difference in burn resuscitation protocols, they all fulfilled their functions. This study presents the findings of the same survey replicated in Africa, the only continent not included in the original survey.One hundred and eight responses were received. The mean annual number of admissions per unit was ninety-eight. Fluid resuscitation was usually initiated with total body surface area burns of either more than ten or more than fifteen percent. Twenty-six respondents made use of enteral resuscitation.The preferred resuscitation formula was the Parkland formula, and Ringer's Lactate was the favoured intravenous fluid. Despite satisfaction with the formula, many respondents believed that patients received volumes that differed from that predicted. Urine output was the principle guide to adequate resuscitation, with only twenty-one using the evolving clinical picture and thirty using invasive monitoring methods. Only fifty-one respondents replied to the question relating to the method of adjusting resuscitation. While colloids are not available in many parts of the African continent on account of cost, one might infer than African burn surgeons make better use of enteral resuscitation.