Pharmacokinetics,tissue distribution and excretion study of a furostanol glycoside-based standardized fenugreek seed extract in rats

Abstract

The furostanol glycoside isolated from the seed of fenugreek (SFSE-G) has an array of pharmacological activities. To date, no validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been reported for quantification of SFSE-G in biological samples. Hence, the aim of the present study was to study the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion profiles of SFSE-G after oral administration in rats. A rapid, sensitive, selective, robust and reproducible HPLC method has been developed for determination of SFSE-G in the rat biological samples. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on a reversed-phase C18 column using formic acid and acetonitrile (80:20) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0?mL/min and 274?nm as a detection wavelength. The assay was linear for SFSE-G with the correlation coefficients (R²) >0.996. The analytes were stable during samples storage and handling, and no matrix effects were observed. After oral dosing of SFSE-G at a dose of 200?mg/kg, the elimination half-life was app. 40.10?h. It showed relatively slowly distribution and eliminated in urine and feces after 24?h, and could be detected until 108?h post-dosing. Following oral single dose (200?mg/kg), SFSE-G was detected in lung and brain which indicated that it could cross the blood–brain barrier. It is a major route of elimination is excretion through urine and feces. In conclusion, oral administration of SFSE-G showed slow distribution to tissues, such as lung and brain, but showed fast renal elimination.     

舒血宁联合脑苷肌肽治疗血管性痴呆的疗效研究

目的 观察舒血宁联合脑苷肌肽治疗血管性痴呆患者的疗效及对精神行为症状的改善情况.方法 将58例血管性痴呆患者随机分为舒血宁联合脑苷肌肤治疗的观察组和单纯脑苷肌肤治疗的对照组,治疗结束后观察两组患者的临床疗效、简易智能量表(MMSE)、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)评分以及安全性评价.结果 治疗后,观察组有效率为89.66％,优于对照组的72.41％,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后两组患者的MMSE、ADL评分均较治疗前明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而组间比较,观察组的MMSE、ADL评分均较对照组明显增加,差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且均未出现不良反应.结论 舒血宁联合脑苷肌肽治疗血管性痴呆患者,不仅疗效较佳,安全性高,而且可有效改善患者的精神行为症状.     

藏药螃蟹甲中苯乙醇苷对模型大鼠急性高原脑水肿的改善作用

目的:研究藏药螃蟹甲中苯乙醇苷(PhGCs)对模型大鼠急性高原脑水肿的改善作用。方法:60只Wistar大鼠随机分为常氧空白(等容灭菌注射用水)组、缺氧模型(等容灭菌注射用水)组、地塞米松(4 mg/kg)组与PhGCs高、中、低剂量(400、200、50mg/kg)组。复制模型前6 d ig给药,ig给药第4 d起除常氧空白组外,其余各组大鼠均置于模拟海拔8 000 m的高原环境,连续缺氧暴露72 h以复制大鼠高原脑水肿模型。苏木精-伊红染色后光镜下观察大鼠脑组织病理改变;干湿质量法测定大鼠脑含水量;测定大鼠脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)活性;酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定大鼠血清中与脑组织中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量。结果:与常氧空白组比较,缺氧模型组大鼠脑组织出现明显水肿,细胞和血管周围腔隙增宽,可见炎性细胞浸润;大鼠脑含水量增加;大鼠脑组织MDA含量增加,SOD、GSH活性减弱;大鼠血清与脑组织IL-1β、TNF-α含量增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。与缺氧模型组比较,PhGCs高、中、低剂量组大鼠脑组织炎症细胞浸润程度减轻,脑含水量减少;PhGCs高、中剂量组大鼠脑组织MDA含量减少,SOD、GSH活性增强,大鼠血清与脑组织IL-1β、TNF-α含量减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:PhGCs能明显减轻由急性缺氧所致大鼠急性脑损伤状态,对模型大鼠急性高原脑水肿有一定改善作用。     

Xanthone suppresses allergic contact dermatitis in vitro and in vivo

Xanthone is a phenolic compound found in a few higher plant families; it has a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the activity of xanthone in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) remain to be explored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of xanthone in ACD in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell), and human mast cell line (HMC-1 cell) in vitro and in an experimental murine model. The results demonstrated that treatment with xanthone reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and expression of chemokines thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. Xanthone also suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and allergic mediators in phorbol myristate acetate/A23187 calcium ionophore (PMACI)-stimulated HMC-1 cells. Xanthone significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and activation of caspase-1 signaling pathway in vitro model. Additionally, xanthone administration alleviated 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced atopic dermatitis like-skin lesion by reducing the serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressing MAPKs phosphorylation. Xanthone administration also inhibited mortality due to compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic shock and suppressed the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction mediated by IgE. Collectively, these results suggest that xanthone has a potential for use in the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases.     

Protection of immunocompromised mice from fungal infection with a thymus growth-stimulatory component from Selaginella involvens,a fern

Context:?Recent studies have shown that the water extract of Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring, a wild fern, exhibits thymus growth-stimulatory activity in adult mice (reversal of involution of thymus) and remarkable anti-lipid peroxidation activity. Follow-up studies were carried out in the present study.

Materials and Methods:?Activity-guided isolation of the active component (AC) was carried out. The effect of AC on immune function was studied using fungal (Aspergillus fumigatus) challenge in cortisone-treated mice. The in vitro antifungal activity of AC was assayed using disc diffusion assay. In vitro and in vivo effect of AC on DNA synthesis in thymus was studied using ³H-thymidine incorporation. In in vitro anti-lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical scavenging and inhibition of superoxide production were assayed.

Results:?The active principle/component (AC) was isolated in a chromatographically pure form from the water extract of S. involvens. AC showed positive reaction to glycosides. AC possessed both thymus growth-stimulatory and antioxidant properties. It protected cortisone-treated mice from A. fumigatus challenge. It did not exhibit in vitro antifungal activity. Increased ³H-thymidine incorporation was observed in the reticuloepithelium of thymus obtained from AC-treated mice. However, in vitro AC treatment to thymus for 5?h did not result in an increase in ³H-thymidine incorporation.

Discussion and conclusion:?AC (named as Selagin), from S. involvens, could reverse involution of thymus to a large extent, exhibit remarkable antioxidant activity, and protect immunocompromised mice from fungal infection. Therefore, it is very promising for the development of a drug to ameliorate old age-related health problems and prolong lifespan.     

二苯乙烯苷和远志总皂苷配伍对Aβ25-35诱导PC12细胞损伤的影响

目的探讨二苯乙烯苷(tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside,TSG)和远志总皂苷(Tenuigenin,TEN)配伍对Aβ25-35诱导的PC12细胞损伤的影响。方法PC12细胞除空白组外运用Aβ25-35诱导建立阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)模型,被随机分成模型组、TSG(200 mmol/L)组、TEN组(100 mg/L)、TSG-TEN配伍组(TSG200 mmol/L+TEN100 mg/L)、多奈哌齐组(10μmol/L)。采用MTT比色法检测各组细胞存活率;取细胞上清液分别测各组的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力;统计各组的细胞分化率。结果(1)细胞存活率的高低为:TSG-TEN组>TSG组>多奈哌齐组>TEN组(P<0.01);TSG组、TEN组、多奈哌齐组均低于TSG-TEN配伍组(P<0.01,P<0.05);(2)与模型组比较,TSG组、TEN组、TSG-TEN配伍组可降低LDH含量、MDA含量、抑制AchE活力及增强SOD活力(P<0.05)。且TSG-TEN配伍组对降低LDH含量、MDA含量、抑制AchE活力及增强SOD活力效应比TSG或TEN单用组效应更好(P<0.01);(3)PC12细胞的分化率高低为:TSG-TEN组>多奈哌齐组>TSG组>TEN组(P<0.01,P<0.05);TSG组、TEN组、多奈哌齐组均低于TSG-TEN配伍组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论TSG和TEN配伍对Aβ25-35诱导的PC12细胞损伤具有显著的协同保护作用,其作用机制可能与改善胆碱能系统、抗氧化应激、降低突触可塑性损伤有关,且TSG优于TEN。     

7月龄及16月龄APP/PS1/tau三转基因小鼠脑内突触相关蛋白的变化及山茱萸环烯醚萜苷的影响

目的 探讨不同月龄APP/PS1/tau三转基因（3×Tg）小鼠脑内突触相关蛋白及其影响因素的变化,为选择合适时程的3×Tg小鼠进行阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer's disease,AD）研究提供参考数据;并且研究山茱萸环烯醚萜苷（cornel iridoid glycoside,CIG）对模型小鼠脑内突触相关蛋白的影响,从而明确其对不同月龄的模型动物的作用特点,为阐明CIG改善AD样认知障碍机制提供实验依据。方法 7月龄小鼠3×Tg小鼠给予200 mg/kg CIG至9月龄,16月龄3×Tg小鼠给予100或200 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 CIG至18月龄;采用新物体识别实验检测CIG对学习记忆的影响;采用Western blotting方法检测突触相关蛋白synapsin-1、synaptophysin和synaptotagmin的表达,淀粉样前体蛋白（amyloid precurson protein,APP）及相关代谢酶α分泌酶（recombinant a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10,ADAM10）、β分泌酶（β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1,BACE1）、早老素1（presenilin-1,PS1）、胰岛素降解酶（insulin degrading enzyme,IDE）的表达,tau蛋白在pSer404及pSer199/202位点的磷酸化水平。结果 7月龄3×Tg模型小鼠与对照组小鼠相比,物体识别分辨指数无明显变化,主要突触相关蛋白synapsin-1、synaptophysin和synaptotagmin的表达没有差异,CIG给药未对3×Tg模型小鼠分辨指数及脑内突触相关蛋白产生影响;16月龄3×Tg小鼠物体识别分辨指数明显降低,synapsin-1在脑内表达水平均相比对照组下降,而给予CIG治疗后不仅能够提高转基因小鼠的分辨指数,而且明显提升synapsin-1的表达。7月龄3×Tg小鼠模型与对照组全长APP、ADAM10、BACE1、PS1、IDE及tau蛋白磷酸化水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 突触相关蛋白在不同月龄3×Tg小鼠脑内表达差异较大,CIG对不同月龄3×Tg小鼠脑内突触相关蛋白的表达及认知功能存在不同作用特点。     

黄葵胶囊联合缬沙坦和雷公藤多苷对早期糖尿病肾病患者临床研究

目的：探讨黄葵胶囊联合缬沙坦和雷公藤多苷对早期糖尿病肾病患者临床研究。方法：选择我院于2017年5月至2019年5月期间收治的早期糖尿病肾病患者142例,依据随机表法随机分为观察组71例与对照组71例。对照组患者采用缬沙坦联合雷公藤多苷片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上结合黄葵胶囊。两组疗程均为12周。比较两组治疗疗效,治疗前后尿白蛋白排泄率(UAFR)和肾功能、炎症因子、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、肾损伤因子-1(Kim-1)和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(NGAL)变化,及不良反应。结果：观察组总有效率(91.55%)高于对照组(76.06%)(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后UAFR、Scr和BUN水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后TNF-α、MCP-1和IL-6水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后TGF-β1、Kim-1和NGAL水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应(11.27%)少于对照组(28.17%)(P<0.05)。结论：黄葵胶囊联合缬沙坦和雷公藤多苷对早期糖尿病肾病患者疗效良好,可改善患者肾功能,减轻炎症反应,下调TGF-β1、Kim-1和NGAL水平,且无明显不良反应,用药安全性良好。     

雷公藤多苷肝毒性发生机制及减毒相关研究进展

雷公藤多苷是一种从植物雷公藤中提取出的有效组分,具有免疫抑制、抗炎等作用,临床上多用于治疗风湿性关节炎和肾病综合征等。在雷公藤多苷众多不良反应中,其肝脏相关不良反应尤为显著。针对雷公藤多苷的肝毒性作用,总结近十年对雷公藤多苷肝毒性作用及机制的研究进展,并对其毒性物质基础进行了分析,对相应的配伍减毒药物以及其保护机制进行了总结分析,为雷公藤多苷的临床合理使用及配伍减毒提供文献和理论依据。