黄芪甲苷对阻塞性肺疾病大鼠caspase-12表达影响

目的 观察黄芪甲苷对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠内质网应激诱导的肺泡上皮细胞凋亡的保护作用。方法 将60只SD大鼠,随机分为对照组、模型组和黄芪甲苷低、中、高剂量组,每组12只;除对照组其余各组均采用气管内滴注脂多糖联合熏烟方法制备COPD大鼠模型,采用原位末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记法(TUNEL)法测定各组大鼠肺组织中细胞凋亡情况,采用Western blot法检测各组大鼠肺组织中caspase-3、caspase-12的表达水平。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织中细胞凋亡数量[(173.13±19.20)个/视野]明显升高;与模型组比较,黄芪甲苷高、中、低剂量组大鼠肺组织中细胞凋亡数量[分别为(149.23±8.95)、(118.77±9.47)、(78.87±9.59)个/视野]均减少(P<0.01);与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织中caspase-3、caspase-12表达[分别为(0.847±0.103)、(0.706±0.042)]均升高;与模型组比较,黄芪甲苷高、中、低剂量组大鼠肺组织中caspase-3表达量[分别为(0.412±0.057)、(0.508±0.084)、(0.714±0.061)]与caspase-12表达量[分别为(0.341±0.052)、(0.393±0.065)、(0.516±0.087)]均降低(P<0.01)。结论 黄芪甲苷可减轻内质网应激介导的肺组织细胞凋亡,其机制可能与降低大鼠肺组织中凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3、caspase-12表达有关。     

一个新的二氢黄酮甙

从乌拉尔甘草（Ｇｌｙｃｙｒｒｈｉｚａｕｒａｌｅｎｓｉｓ）根茎中分得一个新的二氢黄酮甙,经化学和波谱分析,将其结构鉴定为：甘草素 ４′ Ｏ ［β Ｄ （３ Ｏ 乙酰基） 呋喃芹糖 （１→２）］ β Ｄ 吡喃葡萄糖甙（ｌｉｑｕｉｒｉｔｉｇｅｎｉｎ ４′ Ｏ ［β Ｄ （３ Ｏ ａｃｅｔｙｌ） ａｐｉｏｆｕｒａｎｏｓｙｌ （１→２）］ β Ｄ ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｉｄｅ）。     

Studies on chemical constituents from Ilex pubescens

Two new phenolic glycosides, ilexpubsides A and B, along with four known lignan glycosides were isolated from the roots of Ilex pubescens. By spectral evidence, the structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 4-O-β-D-[6'-O-(4'-O-β-D-glucopyranosylvanilloyl)glucopyranosyl] vanillic acid (1) and syringinic 6'-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (2). The known compounds were identified to be liriodendrin (3), (-)-olivil (4), tortoside A (5) and (+)-cyclo-olivil (6). All compounds were first isolated from Ilex pubescens.     

黄芪营养生长期茎叶毛蕊异黄酮苷和黄芪甲苷含量测定

目的:测定黄芪2年生和3年生营养生长期茎叶毛蕊异黄酮苷和黄芪甲苷含量。方法:采用HPLC,色谱条件为色谱柱C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温30℃,检测波长分别为250 nm,203 nm。结果:2年生黄芪营养生长期毛蕊异黄酮苷和黄芪甲苷含量变化范围分别为0.1853⁰.2940,0.23370.2940,0.2337⁰.5367 mg·g-1;3年生黄芪营养生长期毛蕊异黄酮苷和黄芪甲苷含量变化范围分别为0.21800.5367 mg·g-1;3年生黄芪营养生长期毛蕊异黄酮苷和黄芪甲苷含量变化范围分别为0.2180⁰.3830,0.27330.3830,0.2733⁰.6150 mg·g-1。结论:毛蕊异黄酮苷和黄芪甲苷含量3年生高于2年生,随生长时间的延长含量也随之增加;本研究也改进了毛蕊异黄酮苷含量测定方法。     

丝叶唐松草中—新三萜皂甙

从丝叶唐松草根中分得一新的三萜皂甙,命名为thalifoenoside A,根据光谱和化学方法确定其结构为3β,22(S),27-三羟基-24-烯-环菠萝蜜烷,3-O-β-D-鸡纳糖基-(1→2)-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β-D-(4-乙酰基)-葡萄糖甙,其甙元亦为一新的化合物。此外还分到3个已知物thalifendlerine,N-methylcorydaldine,β-谷甾醇。     

A new flavonol galloylrhamnoside and a new lignan glucoside from the leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Koelreuteria henryi</Emphasis> Dummer

A new flavonol galloylrhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-(2″,3″-di-O-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and a new lignan glycoside, hinokinin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside were isolated from the leaves of Koelreuteria henryi, along with 18 known compounds, including six flavonol glycosides (3–8), three lignans (9–11), four chlorophyll derivatives (12–15), two steroids (16, 17), and three aromatic compounds (18–20). The structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence. The scavenging effect of 1–8 and 20 on the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl was examined. Compounds 1, 5, 6, and 20 showed more potent activity than that of trolox.     

Saponins and flavonoid glycosides from yellow sweetclover

A new saponin, 3-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]soyasapogenol B carboxylate (6) has been isolated from the medicinal plant yellow sweetclover together with azukisaponin II(7), robinin(8), and clovin(9). 7, 8, and9 are reported for the first time from this plant. The new saponin(6) exhibited inhibitory action on leucocyte migration in inflammation.     

A new monoterpene glycoside and antibacterial monoterpene glycosides fromPaeonia suffruticosa

Antibacterial activity-guided fractionation of the CHCI3-MeOH (1:1) extract of Paeonia suffruticosa root bark furnished three monoterpene glycosides, 6-O-vanillyoxypaeoniflorin (1), mudanpioside-H (2), and galloyl-oxypaeoniflorin (3). Of the isolated compounds, compound 1 is a new compound. All isolated compounds showed broad, but moderate, antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 100 to 500 microg/mL against eighteen pathogenic microorganisms of concern for public health or zoonosis.     

Dolichandroside,a new phenolic triglycoside from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dolichandrone serrulata</Emphasis> (DC.) Seem.

A new phenolic triglycoside, dolichandroside, was isolated from the branches of Dolichandrone serrulata together with decaffeoyl-verbascoside, verbascoside, isoverbascoside, markhamioside A, 2-O-apiosylverbascoside, luteoside B and ixoside. The structure elucidations were based on analyses of spectroscopic data.     

The influence of changes in extracellular and intracellular sodium concentration on detrusor contractility

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of Na+-Ca2+ exchange in the regulation of isolated detrusor smooth muscle contractility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isolated guinea-pig detrusor strips were used to record isometric tension generated by; (a) electrical-field stimulation to elicit nerve-mediated responses; and (b) adding carbachol or superfusing with a high-K+ solution. The [Na+] gradient between extracellular and intracellular compartments was altered by: (i) reducing superfusate [Na+] in stages from 140.2 to 10.2 mm; (ii) addition of the cardiac glycoside strophanthidin (200 microm). RESULTS Reducing extracellular [Na+] reversibly reduced the magnitude of nerve-mediated contractions but increased the resting tension and magnitude of carbachol-induced contracture. The mean (sd) [Na+] required for a half-maximum effect on attenuating contractions, at 85.9 (6.2) mm, and developing contracture, at 59.1 (14.3) mm, were significantly different. The time constants of changes to nerve-mediated contractions and carbachol contracture were also significantly different, at 147 (5) vs 1207 (386) s, respectively. These differences suggest that separate mechanisms influence nerve-mediated contraction and contracture in low-Na+ solutions. Exposure to the cardiac glycoside strophanthidin produced a similar effect to low-Na+ solutions for carbachol contracture. Low-Na+ solutions had no significant effect on contractures induced by high extracellular [K+]. CONCLUSION Reducing the transmembrane [Na+] difference increases intracellular [Ca2+]. This increase is largely accommodated in intracellular stores, that can be released by exogenous carbachol. The results are consistent with the presence of a functional Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in the surface membrane. The lack of effect of low-Na+ solutions on contractures evoked by membrane depolarization is consistent with this conclusion. The reduction of the nerve-mediated contraction by low-Na+ solution might result from blockade of the nerve action potential.