Knockout of the gene encoding the K(2P) channel KCNK7 does not alter volatile anesthetic sensitivity

The molecular site of action for volatile anesthetics remains unknown despite many years of study. Members of the K(2P) potassium channel family, whose currents are potentiated by volatile anesthetics have emerged as possible anesthetic targets. In fact, a mouse model in which the gene for TREK-1 (KCNK2) has been inactivated shows resistance to volatile anesthetics. In this study we tested whether inactivation of another member of this ion channel family, KCNK7, in a knockout mouse displayed altered sensitivity to the anesthetizing effect of volatile anesthetics. KCNK7 knockout mice were produced by standard gene inactivation methods. Heterozygous breeding pairs produced animals that were homozygous, heterozygous or wild-type for the inactivated gene. Knockout animals were tested for movement in response to noxious stimulus (tail clamp) under varying concentrations of isoflurane, halothane, and desflurane to define the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) preventing movement. Mice homozygous for inactivated KCNK7 were viable and indistinguishable in weight, general development and behavior from heterozygotes or wild-type littermates. Knockout mice (KCNK7-/-) displayed no difference in MAC for the three volatile anesthetics compared to heterozygous (+/-) or wild-type (+/+) littermates. Because inactivation of KCNK7 does not alter MAC, KCNK7 may play only a minor role in normal CNS function or may have had its function compensated for by other inhibitory mechanisms. Additional studies with transgenic animals will help define the overall role of the K(2P) channels in normal neurophysiology and in volatile anesthetic mechanisms.     

牛至挥发油对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活性及免疫器官重量的影响

一定浓度的牛至挥发油(OVLVO)能显著提高Balb/c小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(Mφ)形成EA和YC花环的能力,显著增强腹腔Mφ的吞噬作用,有明显的增加小鼠脾脏重量的作用,而对胸腺的重量则无显著的影响。表明OVLVO在一定浓度下不引起免疫器官萎缩并能显著提高小鼠腹腔Mφ的活性。提示OVLVO的抗感染作用与增强Mφ的功能有关。     

歙白术木质部与韧皮部挥发油成分比较研究

目的对歙白术挥发油成分进行研究,探讨白术药材中挥发油的分布规律。方法采用组织化学和GC-MS对歙白术韧皮部、木质部所含挥发油进行研究。结果韧皮部中油室分布较木质部为多;木质部中挥发油共分离出51个峰,共鉴定出38种化合物;韧皮部共分离出47个峰,鉴定出化合物27种。结论歙白术药材的不同部位中挥发油成分差异较大,但相对含量最高的成分均为苍术酮,白术根茎中韧皮部与木质部的比例可作为评价白术药材质量优劣的参考依据之一。     

圆锥菝葜的化学成分研究

目的研究圆锥菝葜（Smilax bracteata）的化学成分。方法利用60%乙醇回流提取,大孔吸附树脂和硅胶柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据化合物的光谱数据鉴定结构。结果从圆锥菝葜中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为光叶菝葜苷（Ⅰ）、白藜芦醇（Ⅱ）、落新妇苷（Ⅲ）、新异落新妇苷（Ⅳ）、儿茶素（Ⅴ）。结论化合物Ⅰ~Ⅴ为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

大黄橐吾的化学成分

大黄橐吾(Ligularia duciformis)为菊科橐吾属植物，据报道有治疗支气管炎、咳嗽等功效。为寻找其生物活性成分，对其根和根茎的85%乙醇提取物进行了溶剂萃取和硅胶、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱分离。从乙酸乙酯部位得到6个化合物，经理化性质和波谱数据分析，鉴定为咖啡酸-(3-甲氧基-4-羟基)苯丙酯(I)，6β,8β-双羟基雅槛蓝-7(11)-烯-12,8α-内酯(II)，6β,8α-双羟基雅槛蓝-7(11)-烯-12,8β-内酯(III)，6β-羟基雅槛蓝-7(11)-烯-12,8α内酯(IV)，豆甾醇(V)，胡萝卜苷(VI)。化合物I为新化合物，化合物II～V为首次从该植物中分得。化合物的止咳作用正在评价中。     

中药拳参的研究进展

拳参主要含黄酮、酚酸、蒽醌、鞣质等化合物，具有清热、镇静、理湿、消肿的功效。对拳参的本草学、化学成分和药理作用进行综述，为全面开发利用提供参考。     

地钱化学成分研究

 目的研究地钱(Marchantia polymorpha L.)的化学成分。方法通过多种色谱手段,对地钱的脂溶性成分进行分离。根据化合物的波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从地钱中分离得到9个化合物,7个何伯烷型三萜:22-hydroxyhopane(Ⅰ),17(21)-hopene(Ⅱ),6α,22-dihydroxyhopane(Ⅲ),20α,22-dihydroxyhopane(Ⅳ),21,22-dihydroxyhopane(Ⅴ),6α,11α,22-tri-hydroxyhopane(Ⅵ),22,28-didroxyhopane(Ⅶ);β-谷甾醇(Ⅷ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅸ)。结论化合物Ⅰ~Ⅸ均为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

Fructooligosaccharides exhibit more rapid fermentation than long-chain inulin in an in vitro fermentation system

This study investigated how chain length affects fermentation properties of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) and inulin (IN). Chain lengths of FOSs and IN vary from an average degree of polymerization (DP) of 3 to greater than 20. Three samples classified as FOSs (samples A, B, and C) and 3 samples classified as IN (samples D, E, and F) were fermented via an in vitro batch method with human fecal inoculum as the source of microbes. Samples were removed at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours for total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), acetate, propionate, and butyrate measurement via gas chromatography. Sample chain length did not affect SCFA concentrations in a predictable manner. Sample E (90%-94% DP > 10, 6%-10% DP = 1-2), a mixture of long-chain IN and short-chain FOS, produced significantly more total SCFA and acetate than the other samples. Sample F (DP > 20), the longest-chain IN, produced the lowest concentration of butyrate at 24 hours. The rate of FOS fermentation was higher than IN fermentation during 0 to 4 hours for all SCFAs, and the rate of IN fermentation was higher than FOS fermentation during 12 to 24 hours for all SCFAs. Chain length affects in vitro fermentability, with short chains being rapidly fermented and long chains being steadily fermented. Clinical studies should follow this work to verify if these differences exist in vivo.     

鼻咽癌患者和正常人尿液中的亚硝胺水平

作者采用气相色谱－热能分析法，测定了７０份鼻咽癌患者和正常人尿样中的挥发性亚硝胺水平。两组尿样中的二甲基亚硝胺水平分别为０．５５±０．４０μｇ／Ｌ、０．４５±０．３４μｇ／Ｌ，两者比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；二乙基亚硝胺水平分别为０．２２±０．２０μｇ／Ｌ、０．３２±０．２６μｇ／Ｌ，两者比较亦无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。然而，鼻咽癌患者尿样中的亚硝胺阳性检出率高达６２．９％，正常人为５４．３％，提示鼻咽癌的发生与当地居民的饮食因素和内源性亚硝胺形成有关。