木瓜叶化学成分的预试验

目的:通过预实验,初步探索木瓜叶的化学成分。方法:采用化学反应鉴别法分别对广西产木瓜叶水提取液、乙醇提取液和石油醚提取液进行化学成分预试验。结果:预试验项目中的黄酮类、酚类、香豆素与内酯、强心苷、挥发油及油脂、植物甾醇、三萜类、糖类、苷类、鞣质、有机酸、生物碱项目均出现正反应现象,其他项目出现负反应现象。结论:通过实验发现木瓜叶中可能含有黄酮类、酚类、香豆素与内酯、强心苷、挥发油及油脂、植物甾醇、三萜类、糖类、苷类、鞣质、有机酸、生物碱这些化学成分,为进一步进行该植物的生物活性成分研究提供了实验基础。     

Two new 12-membered macrolides from the endophytic fungal strain Cladosprium colocasiae A801 of Callistemon viminalis

Two new polyketide metabolites, the 12-membered macrolides 4-hydroxy-12-methyloxacyclododecane-2,5,6-trione (1) and 12-methyloxacyclododecane-2,5,6-trione (2), were isolated from the endophytic fungal strain Cladosprium colocasiae A801 of the plant Callistemon viminalis, together with five known derivatives. Their structures were fully characterized by means of detailed spectroscopic analysis for new structures, and in comparison with published data for known compounds. The antibacterial, cytotoxic, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the new compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated.     

基于UHPLC-Q-Exactive Focus-MS/MS的太白茶化学成分研究

目的 应用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Focus-MS/MS)对太白茶醇提物进行快速定性研究。方法 采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,以乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL·min^–1,柱温30℃;质谱条件为电喷雾离子源(ESI),负离子模式扫描,扫描范围m/z 80～1 200。根据高分辨质谱数据分析,参考文献及对照品确认,对太白茶中的化学成分进行快速、全面的定性分析。结果 从太白茶共鉴定出了39种成分,包括多取代单苯环类化合物9种,缩酚酸类11种,缩酚酸环醚类5种,二苯并呋喃类2种,脂肪酸类10种及其他2种。结论 该方法可快速、全面鉴定太白茶中的化学成分,其中3种成分(苔色酸、松萝酸、黑茶渍素)与对照品比对后准确鉴定,19种成分首次在太白茶中发现,可为太白茶药效物质研究及质量评价提供重要依据。     

黄蜡果植物鉴定、化学成分与药理作用研究进展

黄蜡果（Stauntonia brachyanthera Hand.-Mazz.）是木通科野木瓜属植物,在侗医药中具有多种药用价值,其全草均可入药。藤茎具有清热利尿、通经活络、镇痛排脓、通乳等作用,与木通功效相似,民间有将黄蜡果藤茎代替木通入药的用法。该植物主要从黄蜡果的果、花、叶和藤茎进行鉴定。经过查阅文献对黄蜡果的化学成分进行分类,主要含有三萜、黄酮、苯乙醇苷、苯丙素类等成分。目前对黄蜡果的药理活性主要集中在镇痛、抗炎、抗痛风、抗氧化、保肝、利尿等方面进行了研究。     

活血跌打膏的提取工艺研究

目的:优选活血跌打膏的提取工艺.方法:采用正交分析法,测定挥发油含量,大黄素和绿原酸含量.结果:挥发油提取时,加水量(A)、蒸馏时间(C)二因素均时挥发油含量有显著性影响(P<0.05,P<0.01).乙醇回流提取时,乙醇用量(D)对大黄素含量有显著性影响(P<0.01),乙醇浓度(A)和提取次数(C)对绿原酸含量有显著性影响(P<0.01,P<0.01).结论:本方最佳提取工艺为挥发性药材先用8倍量水浸泡6h,水蒸汽蒸馏法提取挥发油8 h,其药渣与其余药材一起用10倍量65%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1 h.     

桂产藿香蓟的挥发油化学成分分析

目的：分析桂产藿香蓟挥发油的化学成分。方法：采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取藿香蓟挥发油,GC-MS联用技术分离并鉴定其成分,并用面积归一化法测定成分的相对含量。结果：共鉴定出16个化合物,占挥发油总量的97．43％。结论：桂产藿香蓟挥发油主要化学成分是早熟素Ⅱ（43．29％）、石竹烯（24．48％）、α-毕澄茄油烯（10．18％）、倍半水芹烯（8．32％）、早熟素Ⅰ（7．77％）。     

苦瓜中新化合物的化学研究

目的 研究苦瓜的新活性成分.方法 采用乙醇提取、微波萃取、D-101型大孔树脂纯化、硅胶柱色谱以及制备液相色谱等方法分离,通过理化常数及光谱数据鉴定化合物的结构.结果 分离并鉴定了8个化合物,分别为charantadiol A(5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23(E),25(26)-triene-3β,19(R)-diol,Ⅰ)、(+)-eduesmin(Ⅱ),blueme-nol A(Ⅲ)、宽叶葱苷元D(karatavilagenin D.Ⅳ)、5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β-19,23-triol(Ⅴ)、苦瓜皂苷元Ⅰ(5,19-epoxy-5β-cucurbita-6,23(E)-diene-3β,25-diol,Ⅵ)、苦瓜皂苷L昔元(aglycone of momordicoside L,3β,7β,25-trihydroxy-cucurbita-5,23(E)-diene-19-al,Ⅶ)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅷ ).结论 化合物Ⅰ为新化合物,命名为苦瓜二醇A(charantadiol A),化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ为从苦瓜中首次分离得到.     

天山花楸醋酸乙酯部位化学成分研究

目的:研究天山花楸的化学成分,为进一步拓展天山花楸的药理功效,开发利用天山花楸奠定基础.方法:利用硅胶、树脂柱色谱等手段进行分离,结合现代波谱技术(~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR,IR等)及现代分析方法鉴定化合物的结构.结果:从天山花楸乙醇提取浸膏中分离得到6个化合物,鉴定为苯甲酸(bcnzoic acid, 1),苄基-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(bcnzvl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,2),乌苏酸(ursolic acid,3),2α-羟基乌苏酸(26α-hydfoxyursolic acid,4),金丝桃苷(hyperoside,5),槲皮素-3-D-葡萄糖苷(quercetin-3-D-glucoside,6).结论:化合物1～5为首次从天山花楸中得到.     

Ex vivo detection and quantification of apically extruded volatile compounds and disinfection by-products by SIFT-MS,during chemomechanical preparation of infected root canals

ObjectivesTo assess the release and apical extrusion of toxic volatile compounds and disinfection by-products during instrumentation and irrigation of artificially infected root canal specimens, with sodium hypochlorite and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid.MethodsForty-two single-rooted human teeth were decoronated to obtain 15 mm-long root specimens and working length was determined 1 mm short of root apex. All specimens were initially preflared, to create sufficient conical space for the development of a nutrient-stressed multispecies biofilm. The specimens were randomly assigned into three groups [Group 1; no endodontic intervention, Group 2; instrumentation with rotary files and irrigation with sterile saline, Group 3; instrumentation with rotary files and irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA)]. A customised experimental model apparatus was fabricated for each specimen. The apical root third was inserted in a glass vial filled with sterile ultrapure water, to simulate high-compliance periradicular space. The reaction products of the aliquots obtained from the glass vials were analysed in real time, by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) in triplicates. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey tests were used for data analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsThe group of teeth that were not subjected to endodontic intervention did not show any volatile compounds (VOCs) or disinfection by products (DBPs) whilst instrumentation and irrigation of root canals (Groups 2 and 3) resulted in the apical extrusion of VOCs and DBPs. In Group 3, the aliquots obtained from periradicular space released high concentrations of methanol, propanol, ammonia, chloroform, together with unexpected higher levels of formaldehyde, which were statistically significant compared to Group 2 (P < 0.05).SignificanceThe mechanical preparation and irrigation of artificially infected root canals with rotary files, 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA resulted in the formation of toxic VOCs and DBPs in a water-closed periradicular space. The chemical interaction of NaOCl and EDTA resulted in the generation of high concentrations of formaldehyde. The formation of chloroform and formaldehyde indicate that risk assessment of the potential hazards to health should be carried out.     

The sodium channels of the neuroblastoma x glioma 108 CC 15 hybrid cell change their sensitivity for volatile and local anesthetics upon continuous passage

Summary We have studied the ion flux through the sodium channels of low passage number (<50p.) and high passage number (>150p.) neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells using [¹⁴C] guanidinium and specific neurotoxins to induce channel opening and closing. The sodium channels of low passage number hybrid cells could be opened by veratridine alone, suggesting the presence of voltage dependent channels in agreement with electrophysiological studies reported in the literature. The sodium channels of the high passage number hybrid cells, however, needed the synergistic action of veratridine and scorpion toxin for activation suggesting that these channels are silent. The [¹⁴C] guanidinium ion flux through the sodium channels of the high passage number hybrid cells was inhibited by significantly lower concentrations of the volatile anesthetics (halothane, isoflurane and enflurane) and the lcoal anesthetics (tetracaine and bupivacaine) than the comparable flux through the sodium channels of the low passage number hybrid cells.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. E. Wecker on the occasion of his 65th birthday.