腹膜外剖宫产的解剖学基础

目的：研究避免腹膜外剖宫产副损伤的方法；方法：作者对８９例晚期妊娠孕妇的反折腹膜缘和膀胱顶的位置及体表投影进行了测量。结果：孕妇年龄２６．９±４．１（２０～４０）岁；孕周３９．５±１．１（３７～４２）周。结果显示反折腹膜缘与脐和耻骨联合上缘间距分别为１５．８±４．０ｃｍ和５．７±１．９ｃｍ；膀胱顶与脐和耻骨联合上缘间距分别为１３．７±３．６ｃｍ和７．２±２．２ｃｍ。结论：在腹膜外剖宫产术时，应按反折腹膜缘及膀胱顶的位置与体表投影进行腹膜剥离。     

3~5岁听障与健听儿童情感语调发音的声学特征研究

目的探讨3~5岁听障儿童情感语调发音的声学特征。方法选取3~5岁17例(3岁8例,4岁4例,5岁5例)佩戴助听器(hearing aid,HA)儿童(HA组)、51例(3岁19例,4岁17例,5岁15例)人工耳蜗植入(cochlear implant,CI)儿童(CI组)以及32例(3岁10例,4岁9例,5岁13例)健听(normal hearing,NH)儿童(NH组),以自编6个语义中性的高兴和难过情感语调测试语料分别检测各组两种情感语调的平均基频(F0)、基频标准差(F0 SD)、基频范围(F0 range)、平均强度(intensity)、强度标准差(intensity,SD)、强度范围(intensity range)及时长(duration),比较三组儿童情感语调的声学特征。结果三组儿童高兴和难过语调发音的平均基频、平均强度和时长差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);相比难过语调,NH组儿童高兴语调的基频标准差和基频范围更大,而HA组和CI组儿童的强度标准差和强度范围更大,与NH组儿童差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各项声学指标值在不同年龄儿童间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在情感语调发音中健听儿童主要利用更多的频率变化来改变语调,而佩戴助听器和人工耳蜗植入儿童则倾向于用更多的强度变化来表达情感;听障儿童在情感语调发音中展示了对韵律线索的利用能力。     

中文版嗓音疲劳指数量表在职业用声者嗓音疲劳评估中的应用

目的 探索中文版嗓音疲劳指数量表(VFI)在职业用声者嗓音疲劳(VF)评估中的应用.方法 观察组为因嗓音疲劳就诊的职业用声者120例,对患者进行电子喉镜内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)检查,填写中文版VFI量表调查问卷.观察组根据电子喉镜NBI下检查再次分组慢性喉炎组(A组)、声带小结组(B组)、声带肿物组(C组).对照组为...     

Regenerative potential of basic fibroblast growth factor contained in biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres applied following vocal fold injury: Early effect on tissue repair in a rabbit model

IntroductionPostoperative dysphonia is mostly caused by vocal fold scarring, and careful management of vocal fold surgery has been reported to reduce the risk of scar formation. However, depending on the vocal fold injury, treatment of postoperative dysphonia can be challenging.ObjectiveThe goal of the current study was to develop a novel prophylactic regenerative approach for the treatment of injured vocal folds after surgery, using biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres as a drug delivery system for basic fibroblast growth factor.MethodsVideoendoscopic laryngeal surgery was performed to create vocal fold injury in 14 rabbits. Immediately following this procedure, biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres with basic fibroblast growth factor were injected in the vocal fold. Two weeks after injection, larynges were excised for evaluation of vocal fold histology and mucosal movement.ResultsThe presence of poor vibratory function was confirmed in the injured vocal folds. Histology and digital image analysis demonstrated that the injured vocal folds injected with gelatin hydrogel microspheres with basic fibroblast growth factor showed less scar formation, compared to the injured vocal folds injected with gelatin hydrogel microspheres only, or those without any injection.ConclusionA prophylactic injection of basic fibroblast growth factor -containing biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres demonstrates a regenerative potential for injured vocal folds in a rabbit model.     

寰枕、寰枢关节滑膜皱襞解剖观测及临床意义

目的：观察寰枕、寰枢关节中各关节有无滑膜皱襞存在，皱襞的形态、位置和组织学，探讨其临床意义。方法：对16例12岁以下小儿和8例成人防腐尸体的寰枕、寰枢关节中的各关节进行解剖观测。结果：无论成人或小儿，除了寰枢后正中关节外，其它关节均有滑膜皱襞存在，滑膜皱襞总出现率66．7％。寰枢前正中关节中皱襞位于上关节间隙，寰枕关节、寰枢外侧关节的皱襞主要分布于前外侧，多数皱襞呈月牙形。与成人相比，小儿组皱襞数量多，总出现率达72．34％(成人组仅58．3％)，小儿以大中型皱襞为主(58．35％)，成人以小型皱襞为主(62．5％)且无大皱襞。镜下观察儿童有三种不同的组织学类型，其中以脂肪型和纤维脂肪型为主(88．9％)。结论：推测在儿童寰枕、寰枢关节中有更多更大的滑膜皱襞，在受到外伤或炎症作用下，皱襞肿胀变大，位置改变，发生嵌顿，这很可能是小儿好发某些上颈椎疾病，如寰枢椎旋转畸形的解剖学基础。     

纤维鼻咽喉镜引导下YAG激光治疗声带病变的临床应用

目的探讨纤维鼻咽喉镜引导下YAG激光治疗声带病变的临床应用及体会。方法对482例声带病变（声带息肉317例、声带小结143例、Reinker氏水肿11例、喉乳头状瘤6例、声带囊肿3例、声带脓肿和声带白斑各1例）进行纤维鼻咽喉镜引导下YAG激光治疗。结果482例巾1次治愈421例（占873％）;病灶残存、局部复发或需要两次以上治疗者61例（占12．7％）,其中51例经再次治疗而愈,9例放弃再次治疗,1例声带粘膜白斑经3次治疗而愈。结论纤维鼻咽喉镜引导下YAG激光治疗声带息肉、小结等声带病变精确度高、操作简便,但要注意避免激光辐射过量及辐射部位出血等情况。     

充填式无张力疝修补术在腹外疝手术中的应用研究

目的探讨充填式无张力疝修补术在腹外疝修补术中的价值。方法回顾性总结2000年9月至2008年8月用充填式无张力疝修补术治疗腹外疝250例患者。其中合并心肺功能不全、高血压、糖尿病、前列腺肥大、便秘者占36%（90/250）。结果本组无死亡,切口无感染,均为一期愈合。术后2～7d出院（93%患者于术后4 d出院）。随访3个月～7年,平均随访3年4个月,随访率75.2%,无1例复发。结论充填式无张力疝修补术具有手术创伤小,符合腹股沟管解剖生理,术后患者痛苦少,恢复快,复发率低等优点。     

Anatomical features of the opening of the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal fold (Hasner's valve) for intranasal surgery: A cadaveric study

The location and size of the opening of the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal fold (Hasner's valve) are variable. These features have clinical importance in nasal surgery because of the difficulty in determining their location. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anatomical features of the opening of the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal fold and to discuss the importance of such knowledge in minimizing the risk of injury at surgery. Twenty sagittal head sections from formalin‐fixed cadavers were examined. The sections showed no evidence of pathology or trauma. The type of opening of the nasolacrimal duct was a vertical sulcus in 14 of 20 (70%), an oblique sulcus in 2 of 20 (10%), an oblique fissure in 2 of 20 (10%), a vertical fissure in 1 of 20 (5%), and an anteroposterior fissure in 1 of 20 specimens (5%). The lacrimal fold was present in 16 of 20 specimens (80%). Five different forms of this fold were observed. Some morphological features were evaluated quantitatively. We believe that detailed anatomical knowledge of the opening of nasolacrimal duct will be useful in surgical approaches to this area. Clin. Anat. 22:925–931, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Vocal singing by prelingually-deafened children with cochlear implants

The coarse pitch information in cochlear implants might hinder the development of singing in prelingually-deafened pediatric users. In the present study, seven prelingually-deafened children with cochlear implants (5.4–12.3 years old) sang one song that was the most familiar to him or her. The control group consisted of 14 normal-hearing children (4.1–8.0 years old). The fundamental frequencies (F0) of each note in the recorded songs were extracted. The following five metrics were computed based on the reference music scores: (1) F0 contour direction of the adjacent notes, (2) F0 compression ratio of the entire song, (3) mean deviation of the normalized F0 across the notes, (4) mean deviation of the pitch intervals, and (5) standard deviation of the note duration differences. Children with cochlear implants showed significantly poorer performance in the pitch-based assessments than the normal-hearing children. No significant differences were seen between the two groups in the rhythm-based measure. Prelingually-deafened children with cochlear implants have significant deficits in singing due to their inability to manipulate pitch in the correct directions and to produce accurate pitch height. Future studies with a large sample size are warranted in order to account for the large variability in singing performance.