提高高原劳动能力方案效果的评估研究

将９９名生活在海拔３６８０ｍ高原１年以上的健康男性受试者随机分为三组，分别接受锻炼（Ａ）、口服中成药（Ｂ）、以及既服中成药又锻炼（Ｃ）三种不同方案处理，以自身对照的方法测量其接受处理前后的体能指标和心血管指标。结果显示，接受处理后，其体能明显增强，并且循环系统指标的变化显示了其心脏功能和微循环的改善。研究结果还表明，Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三种方案均能改善体循环以抵抗缺氧，增强劳动能力。     

Systematic analysis of gingival s-tate and salivary variables as predictors of caries from 5 to 7 years of age

Abstract – The aim was to assess the caries predictive ability of gingival state, salivary counts of lactobacilli and S. mutans , salivary secretion rate and buffer capacity of the saliva from the ages of 5 to 7 yr. The material comprised 105 children who were examined once a year. All available screening levels were systematically tested for the single variables as well as for combinations of two or three variables. The screening levels were set where the highest possible sensitivity and specificity were reached simultaneously. The predictive values for positive and negative tests were then calculated. The S. mutans count turned out to have the best combination of sensitivity (0.41) and specificity (0.83). The single variables gingival state and S. mutans had constant screening levels, while the values for lactobacilli and buffer capacity varied. The saliva secretion rate could not be measured at 5 yr of age. Systematic analyses of predictive ability of combinations of two or three variables were then performed and did not result in any clinically significant improvements of the predictive ability. The observed low predictive ability might be explained by the fact that 1) many children changed their habits during the period of investigation and 2) they were examined and treated once a year according to their individual needs, which meant variations in conservative as well as in preventive treatment.     

Embryonic development of monoaminergic neurons in the chick retina

By means of a histofluorescence technique, embryonic and postnatal development of monoaminergic neurons was followed in the chicken retina with or without intravitreal injection of monoamines 30-60 minutes before eye removal. Fluorescent cells were tentatively classified into five subsets with respect to the soma shape, localization, migration of somata during retinal development, uptake capacity (color and intensity in fluorescence), and sensitivity to neurotoxins. The five subsets of cells were endogenous dopaminergic (DA), catecholamine-accumulating (CA), indoleamine-accumulating (IA), CA-bipolarlike, and IA-bipolarlike cells. Greenish endogenous DA-cells first appeared at the 14-15th embryonic day. The cell body of DA-cells was initially fusiform and located slightly distal to the innermost level of the inner nuclear layer (INL). They became round or oval and migrated to the innermost level of the INL by day 20. Both large and small bottle-shaped CA-cells were visualized at an intermediate portion of INL by intravitreal injection of exogenously applied dopamine or noradrenaline (1-2 micrograms/eye) at day 10. Large bottle-shaped cells, like the DA cells, changed to round or oval and migrated to the innermost level of the INL by day 20. On the other hand, small bottle-shaped CA-cells retained their cell shape and location in the INL as retinal development progressed. Therefore, the large bottle-shaped CA-cells seen in an early developmental stage correspond to the DA-cells. IA-cells were visualized one or two cell rows outward in the INL first at day 13-14 by intravitreal injection of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine or 5-hydroxytryptamine (1-5 micrograms).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The relationship between luminol chemiluminescence and killing of staphylococcus aureus by neutrophil granulocytes

Summary Luminol chemiluminescence induced by phagocytosis of bacteria was studied in a system consisting of polymorphnuclear granulocytes (PMN), serum, luminol and Staphylococcus aureus. To evaluate the quantitative relationships between luminol chemiluminescence and the bactericidal process time courses for both variables were compared. It was found that initial rate of increase of chemiluminescence and initial rate of killing of bacteria were well correlated whereas the correlation was poorer for later stages of the process. When the rate of the bactericidal process was varied by changing concentrations of bacteria and PMN, directly proportional variations of initial rates of increase of chemiluminescence were observed. This is interpreted as reflecting an accumulation of oxidizing radicals as the result of a phagocytosis dependent gradual activation of the NADPH oxidase system, leading to luminol oxidation and/or killing of bacteria. However, by thermal inactivation of PMNs, chemiluminescence could be diminished whereas killing remained essentially unaffected, showing that these two processes could be uncoupled. Also, addition of erythrocytes to the PMN suspension was associated with decreased chemiluminescence and lysis of erythrocytes with an increased chemiluminescence, emphazising the importance of proper control of the components of the leucocyte test suspension.Supported by grants from the National Defence Research Institute     

ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA IN SCHOOL GIRLS

ABSTRACT: Lindberg, U., Jodal, U., Hanson, L. å. and Kaijser, B. (Department of Paediatrics and Departments of Immunology and Clinical Bacteriology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden). Asymptomatic bacteriuria in school girls. IV. Difficulties of level diagnosis and the possible relation to the character of infecting bacteria. Acta Paediatr Stand, 64:574, 1975.–As no method for localization of urinary tract infection has been shown to be absolutely reliable, six methods have been run parallelly in a study of 60 school girls with asymptomatic bacteriuria caused by E. coli. A poor correlation was obtained between "high infection" indicated by bladder washout test and abnormal findings of C-reactive protein, sedimentation rate, antibody litres or renal concentrating capacity, while findings of parenchymal reduction on the pyelogram and reflux on the urethrocystogram were often found within this group. The low frequency of abnormal findings of C-reactive protein, sedimentation rate and renal concentrating capacity in girls with a "high infection" may be explained by the finding that the ABU patients were infected with changed E. coli strains probably not able to cause the usual inflammatory reactions. The patients' bacteria were found to be less efficient in providing antigen for antibody determinations than were standard strains of same 0 group, indicating a difference between strains from ABU patients and standard strains. From the battery of tests used it seemed that most of the girls had a bladder infection. All tests were normal in 48% of the patients while at least three of the methods were abnormal in 12 %.     

最大用力吸气流量—容积曲线与最大用力吸气口腔压的研究

本文对１７６例健康成人和１２６例慢性阻塞性肺气肿患者测定了最大用力吸气流量－容积曲线（ＭＦＩＶ）和７５例同时测定了ＭＦＩＶ和最大用力吸气口腔压（ＭＩＭＰ）。结果表明，ＭＦＩＶ可能是反映听气肌功能的简便指标。     

抗菌素保存乳牙活髓87例分析

临床上乳牙龋病的治疗通常不强调牙髓活力的保存.但乳牙失去活力后往往造成乳牙根的过早吸收,从而引起乳牙的早失.笔者采用抗生素治疗乳牙龋,意在保存乳牙牙髓的活力.结果表明:选用抗菌力强、毒性反应低、刺激性小的广谱抗菌素对乳牙龋病的治疗及对牙髓活力的保存有明显疗效.     

Salivary parameters and efficiency of dietary instructions to reduce sugar intake among 7–8-year-old schoolchildren

Abstract — The efficiency of dietary instructions was tested in a group of 7–8-yr-old schoolchildren. The instructions were given in the presence of the child's mother either verbally (control group n = 14) or both verbally and written (test group n = 12). For this purpose the salivary status of the first grade pupils ( n = 79) of a primary school in Turku was screened. Salivary flow, buffer capacity, sucrase activity, lactobacillus, yeast and S. mutans counts were determined. Children whose salivary lactobacillus count was over 10⁴ CFU/ml ( n = 32) were selected for the present study. The efficiency of the dietary instructions was measured as a reduction of salivary lactobacilli. There were no differences in the number of children with reduced LB counts or in the caries increment of 1 yr between the test and the control groups. However, children who succeeded in reducing the number of salivary lactobacilli (42%) within 4 wk revealed a significantly ( P <0.05) lower caries increment after 1 yr than the rest of the subjects. We concluded that children whose lactobacillus counts were reduced by the dietary instructions developed significantly less caries than children whose lactobacillus counts remained high after the instruction. No additional effect on lactobacillus counts and caries increment could be demonstrated by supplementing the verbal dietary counseling with written instructions.     

Abnormalities of Functional Residual Capacity in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Young Asthmatics

ABSTRACT. Functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured by helium gas dilution in 186 young asthmatics, aged between 2 and 9 years. The majority were hyperinflated, as evidenced by an increase in FRC, regardless of symptom status. Symptomatic children and those hospitalized with an acute asthma attack (15) had significantly elevated FRC when compared to asymptomatic children ( p <0.01). Eight symptomatic children, following treatment modification, became asymptomatic. This was associated with a reduction in FRC. We suggest that an FRC result greater than one standard deviation from the mean of asymptomatic asthmatics could be used to predict inadequacy of treatment.