Risk factors for calcification of the vertebrobasilar arteries in cardiovascular patients referred for a head CT,the SMART study

Background and purposeVertebrobasilar artery calcification (VBAC) has been associated with increased stroke occurrence. Little is known on VBAC risk factors, especially for patients with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to assess risk factors associated with VBAC in a cohort of cardiovascular patients referred for a head computed tomography (CT) scan.Materials and methodsAll patients who underwent a clinically indicated, unenhanced, thin slice head CT 6 months before or after inclusion in the SMART study were included. CTs were assessed for presence of VBAC (dichotomously). Relative risks of the associations of age, sex, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, use of lipid lowering medication, smoking status, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, ankle-brachial index (ABI; ≤ 0.90, ≥ 1.30, continuous), internal carotid artery stenosis ≥ 70%, and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) with VBAC were estimated using Poisson regression analysis with robust standard errors, adjusted for age and sex.ResultsOf the 471 patients included (57% male, median age 58 [interquartile range 47–63]), 117 (24.8%) showed VBAC. Presence of VBAC was associated with older age (RR per 10 years = 1.70 [95%CI 1.46–1.99]), DM (RR = 1.45 [95%CI 1.03–2.06]), obesity (RR = 1.53 [95%CI 1.10–2.12]), ABI ≤ 0.90 (RR = 1.57 [95%CI 1.02–2.41]), and an increased carotid IMT (RR = 2.60 per mm [95%CI 1.20–5.62]). Other measurements were not associated with VBAC.ConclusionsWe identified several markers associated with VBAC in patients with cardiovascular disease referred for a head CT. Future investigation into the relationship between VBAC and stroke is warranted to determine the potential of VBAC in stroke prevention.     

椎动脉和第1颈神经穿经硬膜处的形态学特点及其与高血压颈枕痛的关系

目的　观察椎动脉和第1颈神经穿经硬膜处的形态特点及毗邻结构,探讨高血压合并枕颈部疼痛的发生机制。 方法　头颈部标本18具,解剖剥离法暴露,观察椎动脉穿经硬膜处部位及毗邻结构、椎动脉与第1颈神经（C1）的位置关系。 结果　椎动脉在寰枕外侧关节内后侧穿经硬膜,穿经处形成边缘光滑的圆孔,直径6.5~9.0 mm,硬膜与椎动脉外膜由纤维结缔组织连结。C1神经前后根自脊髓发出向外侧走行于椎动脉内侧并在其下方相伴共同穿经硬膜孔（100%）,其中与动脉壁相贴者66.7%（12例）;神经嵌入动脉壁者22.2%（4例）;隔有硬膜组织者11.1%（2例）。C1神经根出孔后走行于椎动脉与椎动脉沟之间。 结论　椎动脉穿经硬膜孔处位置固定,孔边缘致密,限制椎动脉扩张,利于颈椎活动时维持椎动脉供血,当全身血压波动时椎动脉管径不会产生明显变化,以维持后循环血液动力学稳定,但血压升高有可能将C1颈神经根卡压在硬膜边缘,椎动脉搏动刺激C1颈神经根导致椎枕肌痉挛,出现枕颈部疼痛。这可能是高血压合并枕颈部症状的形态学基础。     

CT引导经皮椎体成形术治疗后缘破损型骨质疏松伴椎体压缩性骨折的疗效

目的 探讨CT引导经皮椎体成形术治疗后缘破损型骨质疏松伴椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年1月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院疼痛科行CT引导经皮椎体成形术的60例后缘破损型骨质疏松伴椎体压缩性骨折患者的临床资料,比较患者术前、术后不同时间点疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）及Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评分的差异。结果 60例患者术前与术后的VAS、ODI评分进行比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;进一步两两比较,患者术后第1天、术后1周、术后3个月、术后6个月、术后12个月的VAS、ODI评分均低于术前,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 CT引导经皮椎体成形术适用于后缘破损型骨质疏松伴椎体压缩性骨折的治疗,该手术方法安全,能有效缓解患者疼痛症状,改善患者活动功能障碍,值得临床推广。     

Endovascular Treatment of Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysms That Cause Subarachnoid Hemorrhage : Consideration of Therapeutic Approaches Relevant to the Angioarchitecture

Objective

Intracranial ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADAns) are associated with high morbidity and mortality when left untreated due to the high likelihood of rebleeding. The present study aimed to establish an endovascular therapeutic strategy that focuses specifically on the angioarchitecture of ruptured VADAns.

Methods

Twenty-three patients with ruptured VADAn received endovascular treatment (EVT) over 7 years. The patient group included 14 women (60.9%) and 9 men (39.1%) between the ages of 39 and 72 years (mean age 54.2 years). Clinical data and radiologic findings were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Four patients had aneurysms on the dominant vertebral artery. Fourteen (61%) aneurysms were located distal to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). Six (26%) patients had an extracranial origin of the PICA on the ruptured VA, and 2 patients (9%) had bilateral VADAns. Eighteen patients (78%) were treated with internal coil trapping. Two patients (9%) required an adjunctive bypass procedure. Seven patients (30%) required stent-supported endovascular procedures. Two patients experienced intra-procedural rupture during EVT, one of which was associated with a focal medullary infarction. Two patients (9%) exhibited recanalization of the VADAn during follow-up, which required additional coiling. No recurrent hemorrhage was observed during the follow-up period.

Conclusion

EVT of ruptured VADAns based on angioarchitecture is a feasible and effective armamentarium to prevent fatal hemorrhage recurrence with an acceptable low risk of procedural complications. Clinical outcomes depend mainly on the pre-procedural clinical state of the patient. Radiologic follow-up is necessary to prevent hemorrhage recurrence after EVT.     

伤椎内植骨联合骨水泥强化治疗重度骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折初步疗效观察

目的 探讨椎内植骨联合骨水泥强化治疗重度骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折(SVCF)的初步疗效.方法 对非植骨组(30例)和植骨组(19例)患者手术前后疼痛程度、病变椎体前缘高度、Cobb角,以及骨水泥渗漏、邻近椎体骨折等并发症情况进行观察,并进行统计分析.结果 无肺栓塞及神经并发症发生,2组患者疼痛均明显缓解,伤椎高度和Cobb角矫正较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随访2～5年,平均3年2个月,骨水泥渗漏非植骨组5例,植骨组1例,邻近椎体再骨折非植骨组4例,植骨组1例.2组在骨水泥渗漏率、邻近椎体骨折发生率方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 椎内植骨联合骨水泥强化在降低骨水泥渗漏、邻近椎体骨折发生率上具有优势,是一种较理想的治疗方法.     

胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根椎体内植骨术后伤椎愈合情况的对比

目的研究胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根植骨术后伤椎愈合的方式及影响因素。方法本次研究纳入自2011-01-2013-01诊治的74例具有完整随访结果的患者,采用经椎弓根植骨36例,同期未经椎弓根植骨38例。依据脊柱骨折负荷分享分级、笔者设计的椎体轴位9分区法明确骨折损伤程度、骨折复位及伤椎植骨情况、骨折愈合及伤椎植骨愈合情况。结果术后随访16~24个月,平均20个月。未植骨组:术后1年随访时椎体内各区形成空洞总计21.1%。植骨组:术后1年随访时椎体内各区形成空洞总计24.1%。结论胸腰椎骨折后伤椎经椎弓根植骨术中可撬拨复位塌陷及碎裂的上终板,减少髓核组织的突入发生,形成椎体内有效的可填充空腔,便于椎体内充分植骨,形成利于骨细胞爬行替代的框架结构,减少晚期上终板的塌陷及椎体内空洞的形成。     

膝关节镜下中心成形联合边缘稳定术治疗外侧盘状半月板损伤

目的探讨关节镜下中心成形联合边缘稳定术治疗外侧盘状半月板损伤的疗效。方法收集自2009-01—2013-08诊治的盘状半月板损伤68例(72膝),经MRI和关节镜下确诊后,随机分成2组。A组给予保留边缘6~8 mm成形联合半月板稳定术,进行体部、肌腱裂口周围垂直缝合固定,前、后角经胫骨骨道固定;B组行盘状半月板全切或次全切除术。观察2组术后3、6、12膝关节功能Lysholm评分,术后12个月MRI半月板板台比。结果 A组34例获得随访,B组34例获得随访,随访时间平均12.3(12~14)个月。患者术后关节活动度恢复满意,关节交锁及弹响症状消失,无再撕裂或因症状复发需要二次手术者。2组术后3、6个月Lysholm评分差异无统计学意义(t=1.826,P=0.077;t=0.442,P=0.661);术后12个月A组Lysholm评分较B组高,差异有统计学意义(t=3.718,P=0.001)。A组术后12个月MRI半月板板台比为(9.2±2.6)%,B组为(5.0±2.7)%,A组残存半月板板台比较B组高,差异有统计学意义(t=3.475,P=0.001);但比同侧正常的(12.3%)低。结论对于不稳定盘状软骨损伤,在半月板成形的基础上,给予周边缝合固定及前后角重建固定,能最大程度地保留外侧半月板周缘并保持其稳定性,具有良好的短期疗效。