阴茎延长中使用V-Y成形术是否必要？介绍一种新的手术方式：单纯冠状沟下环形切口阴茎延长增粗术

本研究介绍了一种新的通过冠状沟下环形切口的悬韧带松解术，并确定其安全性和有效性。过去的7年中，我们连续做了82例阴茎增粗术。前35例男性患者接受下腹部V-Y成形切口韧带松解术（A组），后续47例男性患者接受冠状沟下环形切口韧带松解术（B组）。我们比较了两组手术时间、手术并发症和手术前后的阴茎长度和周径值以及手术前后的自信心、满意度评分。患者平均年龄为32岁（18—56岁）。79例患阴茎短小综合征，3例为小阴茎（牵拉长度〈7．5厘米）。A组和B组的平均手术时间分别为150．7分钟和125．2分钟（P=0．005）。4例（11％）A组患者和3例（6％）B组患者术后分别出现了阴茎回缩（P=0．453）。18例（51％）A组患者出现了手术瘢痕增生，而在环形切口手术组则未观察到明显切口并发症。两者阴茎长度和周径改善效果相当。但环形切口手术组满意度和自尊心和性关系问卷（SEAR）改善程度更高（P值分别为0．007和〈0．001）。在严格的病例筛选标准下，与V-Y成形术相比较，环形切口悬韧带松解术在安全性、手术时间、阴茎回缩率和外观方面均有改善，而在阴茎大小改善效果上无差异。     

颅内段椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的探讨椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的血管内治疗方法。方法回顾性分析本手术组2006年1月~2014年5月间接诊的41例椎动脉夹层动脉瘤病例,其中35例分别采用了3种不同的血管内治疗技术,另6例进行了随诊观察。结果 41例均获得随访,时间为3~18个月。其中1例行支架辅助弹簧圈治疗的病人复发,2例未治疗的病人动脉瘤增大。结论治疗组和观察组做统计学分析(P0.01),血管内治疗椎动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种较为安全、可靠的方法,根据动脉瘤的形态、与小脑后下动脉的关系及对侧椎动脉的发育情况等因素来选择不同的血管内治疗。     

Simulation study on therapeutic vertebral artery occlusion for VA-PICA giant aneurysm

Abstract

We investigated haemodynamic effects of therapeutic vertebral artery (VA) occlusion on giant aneurysms at the bifurcation of the VA-posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). An hydraulic model of the human vertebro-basilar artery was manufactured from glass and silicone tubes. Class-spheres 2.5 cm in diameter were placed at the bifurcation as model aneurysms with respective distances of 8.5, 7.5, 6.5 and 5.5 mm between the VA union and aneurysmal neck. A 40% glycerol solution was perfused in this system and the half-life of the dye injected into aneurysms was regarded as an index of intra-aneurysmal stagnation. Flow conditions in aneurysms depended on the presence or absence of the effect of contralateral VA flow as well as the PICA flow. The half-life increased significantly after VA occlusion proximal to the PICA when the aneurysmal neck was more than 7.5 mm away from the VA union and PICA flow volume was less than 12 ml min^–1 The half-life in aneurysms located within 6.5 mm from the union changed little after VA occlusion regardless of the PICA flow volumes. The haemodynamic simulation study would be helpful in speculating on the efficacy of this treatment. [Neurol Res 1994; 16: 100-103]     

Complications associated with cervical vertebral body replacement with expandable titanium cages

Our aim was to analyze complications and risk factors for cervical vertebral body replacement (VBR) with expandable titanium cages (ETC). Fifty patients; 22 women and 28 men, mean age 61 years, undergoing cervical VBR from 2010 to 2015 were analyzed. Complications were stratified by hardware-association (HA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors. Single, two and three level corpectomies were performed in 32, 15 and 3 patients respectively. A circumferential approach was necessary in 16 cases. At mean follow-up (7.3 months) 66% of patients had recovered. Radiological data showed a significant distraction (2.60 mm, p < 0.0001) and lordosis (5°, p = 0.001). Twenty-three patients experienced 42 complications; 18 HA, 24 non-HA and 24% needed revision surgery. The number of corpectomy levels and surgical approach significantly correlated with the risk of complications (p = 0.001), especially non-HA complications (p = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, only the number of corpectomy levels (p < 0.02, odds ratio 5.48, 95% CI 1.31–22.91) was a significant predictor of complications. We conclude that ETC are efficacious devices for cervical spine VBR, however, when used for more than 1 level, the corpectomy complication rate significantly increases.     

血管内介入治疗椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的回顾性研究

目的：目前,椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的治疗手段仍有争议。本研究通过对椎动脉夹层动脉瘤患者的临床和影像学特点的分析,评估血管内治疗技术的安全性和有效性。方法：回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学神经外科2007年1月～2014年7月行血管内介入治疗的椎动脉夹层动脉瘤患者的临床资料,对患者动脉瘤位置,临床表现,治疗方法及预后进行统计学分析,P＜0．05有意义。结果：将过去7年内,在本中心治疗的48例夹层动脉瘤纳入研究对象,其中17人有蛛网膜下腔出血表现。48例患者中12例采用血管孤立术,25例采用支架辅助弹簧圈技术,4例单纯采用支架技术,7例患者进行假腔栓塞。结果：夹层动脉瘤发生在右椎28例,左椎20例。串珠征是椎动脉夹层动脉瘤最常见的表现,见于23例患者。部分患者出现了围手术期并发症,其中3例患者栓塞后再次出血。未破裂动脉瘤患者的预后良好率（100％）好于破裂组（85．7％）。结论：血管内介入治疗技术应根据患者的临床表现、影像学特点、后循环情况以及术者的经验进行选择。各项技术目前仍存有不足之处,需要今后的技术发展及材料的升级来进一步改善。     

倍他司汀联合氟桂利嗪治疗椎基底动脉供血不足的临床研究

目的：观察倍他司汀联合氟桂利嗪治疗椎基底动脉供血不足的疗效。方法：将所有病例随机分为氟桂利嗪组和联合治疗组。氟桂利嗪组给予氟桂利嗪胶囊治疗;联合治疗组在此基础上给予倍他司汀口服治疗。治疗后使用经颅多普勒血流诊断系统（TCD）检测血流情况,观察两组治疗效果。结果：联合治疗组的有效率高于氟桂利嗪组,P＜0.05。两组经过治疗,血流异常情况得到改善,联合治疗组血流异常情况的改善情况要优于氟桂利嗪组,P＜0.05。结论：倍他司汀联合氟桂利嗪治疗椎基底动脉供血不足安全有效。     

Improvement in spine bone density and reduction in risk of vertebral fractures during treatment with antiresorptive drugs

PURPOSE: To estimate how much the improvement in bone mass accounts for the reduction in risk of vertebral fracture that has been observed in randomized trials of antiresorptive treatments for osteoporosis. METHODS: After a systematic search, we conducted a meta-analysis of 12 trials to describe the relation between improvement in spine bone mineral density and reduction in risk of vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women. We also used logistic models to estimate the proportion of the reduction in risk of vertebral fracture observed with alendronate in the Fracture Intervention Trial that was due to improvement in bone mineral density. RESULTS: Across the 12 trials, a 1% improvement in spine bone mineral density was associated with a 0.03 decrease (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02 to 0.05) in the relative risk (RR) of vertebral fracture. The reductions in risk were greater than predicted from improvement in bone mineral density; for example, the model estimated that treatments predicted to reduce fracture risk by 20% (RR = 0.80), based on improvement in bone mineral density, actually reduce the risk of fracture by about 45% (RR = 0.55). In the Fracture Intervention Trial, improvement in spine bone mineral density explained 16% (95% CI: 11% to 27%) of the reduction in the risk of vertebral fracture with alendronate. CONCLUSION: Improvement in spine bone mineral density during treatment with antiresorptive drugs accounts for a predictable but small part of the observed reduction in the risk of vertebral fracture.     

The value of bone scintigraphy in the follow-up of vertebral osteoporosis

Summary In an open study, we have assessed the bone/soft tissue uptake index in recent osteoporotic vertebral collapse using scintigraphy. The evolution of these cases was followed-up at 6 months in 22 patients treated with 100 IU of salmon calcitonin plus 500 mg of elemental calcium/10 days per month and in 18 patients treated with 500 mg of elemental calcium only on a daily basis. There were no index differences between groups prior to treatment. At six months, the group treated with calcitonin plus calcium showed a significant decrease from 10.2±6.4 to 3.2±1.1 (p<0.001), while the calcium only group did not show any significant changes (12.1±6.6 vs 9.2±4.6), considering that there were significant differences between groups (p<0.001). On a mid-term basis, these results have shown the values of the bone soft tissue index in the follow-up of osteoporotic vertebral collapse.     

Radiographic damage associated with low bone mineral density and vertebral deformities in rheumatoid arthritis: The Oslo‐Truro‐Amsterdam (OSTRA) collaborative study

Objective

To examine variables associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral deformities in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from 3 northwest European countries.

Methods

Female patients were recruited from rheumatology clinics in Oslo, Norway; Truro, UK; and Amsterdam, The Netherlands (150 total, 50 per center, age 50–70 years, disease duration ≥5 years). Demographic and clinical data were collected and BMD was measured by means of dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Associations between demographic and clinical measures on the one hand and BMD and vertebral deformities on the other were investigated by single and multiple regression analyses.

Results

Body mass index (BMI), medication use, RA damage measures, and BMD differed significantly between the 3 centers. Overall, Norwegian patients had the lowest BMI, used more corticosteroids and antiosteoporotic drugs, had lower joint damage measured by Larsen score, and lower BMD at both spine and hip. High age, low BMI, and high cumulative dose of corticosteroids (last 2 years) are related to low BMD. A high Larsen score was associated with low BMD at the hip. Larsen score was the independent determinant of vertebral deformities after correction for center, age, BMI, and BMD.

Conclusion

Data from 3 countries on BMD and vertebral deformities in female patients aged 50–70 years with longstanding RA are presented, demonstrating an association between radiographic RA damage and low BMD and between radiographic RA damage and vertebral deformities.