Clinical significance of retrograde flow in the vertebral artery

Although retrograde vertebral artery flow was described over 100 years ago, its relationship to symptoms remains unclear. We documented 43 patients who were found by duplex scanning to have reverse flow in the vertebral artery. Of this group, seven patients (16%) were found to have symptoms described as typical for the subclavian steal syndrome. Nearly one-third were asymptomatic. Of the remaining patients, 13 (30%) presented with nonhemispheric symptoms while nine (21%) had hemispheric symptoms. Nine patients had to and fro flow in the vertebral artery. This variant was not found in subclavian steal patients but correlated with nonhemispheric symptoms. During follow-up (mean: 19 months) none of the asymptomatic patients became symptomatic, and there were no strokes or stroke-related deaths. Surgical procedures which restored antegrade vertebral artery flow did not necessarily improve symptoms of posterior circulation ischemia. In some patients improvement in posterior circulation symptoms was noted following carotid endarterectomy. It is concluded that retrograde flow in the vertebral artery is, per se, a benign entity. Accurate selection of surgical candidates remains imprecise. It will require not only identification of vertebrobasilar disease but as yet undefined tests to assure symptoms are due to these stenoses.     

Unusual fractures and dislocations of the axis vertebra

Seven percent of 400 patients with cervical spine fractures and/or dislocations had unusual lesions of the axis. The authors have analyzed axis injuries by review of radiographs and clinical data and have derived a classification of traumatic conditions. Uncommon traumatic axis abnormalities are discussed with reference to incidence, causes, clinical findings, mechanism of injury, and roentgen characteristics.Picker Scholar, James Picker Foundation     

Reference Data of Vertebral Morphometry by X-ray Absorptiometry (MXA) in Argentine Women

Anterior, middle, and posterior heights and A/P and M/P ratios were determined from T5 to L4 in 111 normal Caucasian Argentine women from 20 to 70 years of age using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) densitometry (Expert XL). Scanning time was less than 1 minute and the semiautomatic analysis requires ∼5 minutes. The precision error for the measurements ranged from 2.2% to 4.6%. The absolute precision error for heights was 0.6 mm. The vertebral bodies tended to be significantly larger in younger women than older women, especially for anterior and middle heights and the A/P and M/P ratios of the mid-thoracic vertebrae (T6–T10). There were no significant differences between pre- and postmenopausal women in the lumbar vertebral heights. It does not appear that this was a cohort effect because stature was identical in both age groups, and there was no age difference in posterior height. The Expert-XL software normalized the vertebral height based on the average height of the L2-L4 segment in order to minimize the influence of interindividual variation of body size. The average Z-scores for vertebral heights and ratios provided by the software were close to zero indicating that the normalization procedure appropriately corrected for smaller stature in Argentine women. Consequently, the reference values for morphometry X-ray absorptiometry (MXA) were appropriate for our population. In summary, we found that (1) in ``normal' women the anterior heights of the thoracic vertebrae (and therefore the A/P ratio) were higher in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women; and (2) the normalization approach corrected for differences of vertebral height and allowed utilization of the manufacturers software in our population. Received: 28 June 1999 / Accepted: 2 November 1999     

经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折68例疗效分析

目的:探讨经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术在治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折中的临床疗效。方法:2009年10月-2011年4月选择本科68例骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者,在C臂机或CT透视引导下,经单侧或双侧椎弓根入路行经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术。在术前术后应用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)对患者疼痛进行评分,术后随访。结果:治疗后症状得到改善,患者VAS下降(P<0.01),病椎椎体高度增加(P<0.01)。结论:经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折,可以快速缓解疼痛,安全恢复椎体高度,明显提高生活质量,是一种安全、有效的微创操作技术,     

异体巩膜移植联合任意皮瓣成形术治疗中重度眼睑深层和全层缺损的疗效

目的：探讨异体巩膜移植联合任意皮瓣成形术治疗中重度眼睑深层和全层缺损的临床效果。

方法：回顾性分析2017-06/2020-06于我院行异体巩膜移植联合任意皮瓣成形术治疗的中重度眼睑深层和全层缺损患者103例103眼。术后随访1～6mo,观察异体巩膜吸收融合状态、皮瓣成活状态、眼睑形态、眼睑开合功能、眼睑瘢痕等情况,评估手术疗效。

结果：术后随访期间,异体巩膜逐渐被受体组织代替,所有患者眼睑内层异体巩膜均为结膜细胞覆盖,眼睑外层异体巩膜与皮肤黏连紧密,无明显排异反应,皮瓣成活良好,眼睑形态良好,闭合自然,瘢痕不明显。

结论：异体巩膜移植联合任意皮瓣成形术治疗中重度眼睑深层和全层缺损疗效确切,能够达到外观与功能兼具,临床疗效显著。     

颗粒骨复合聚乳酸修复椎板缺损的有限元分析

目的探讨自体微小颗粒骨复合聚乳酸移植修复狗腰部椎板骨缺损的成骨效果。方法犬9只,每只犬选取L1、L3、L5三个节段,行后路椎板切除造成骨缺损,切除骨质研磨成微小颗粒骨,与聚乳酸复合,实验随机分为4组:A组:自体微小颗粒骨 聚乳酸组;B组:自体微小颗粒骨组;C组:聚乳酸组;D组:空白对照组,每组选取7个节段。于术后8周进行CT扫描,应用有限元法分析。结果加载负荷后位移值统计学分析显示空白对照组>聚乳酸组>自体微小颗粒骨组>自体微小颗粒骨 聚乳酸组。结论聚乳酸与自体微小颗粒骨复合修复骨缺损的力学强度优势较明显,并具有一定的结构完整性和稳定性。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中恢复椎体高度局限性的观察及机制探讨

目的 观察经皮椎体后凸成形术在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中恢复椎体高度局限性并探讨其机制.方法 回顾分析行经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗39例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者(43个椎体)的手术资料,均为单侧穿刺,椎弓根人路,单球囊扩张并骨水泥注入,取穿刺前、球囊扩张时、骨水泥注入后伤椎标准侧位片,测量伤椎后缘和中部高度,计算穿刺前、球囊扩张时及PMMA注入后两者的比值,球囊扩张时抬高比及骨水泥注入后的失高比.结果 手术成功率为100％;球囊扩张时椎体中部抬高40.0％±14.2％,PMMA注入后失高34.4％±19.4％.球囊扩张时伤椎中部抬高及PMMA注入后失高两两比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为8.66和7.68,P值均＜0.05).结论 PKP过程中存在抬升椎体的失高现象,需要新的器材替代现有的球囊扩张器.     

三尖瓣下移畸形的外科治疗及预后

目的 探讨三尖瓣下移畸形的手术方法及术后临床效果.方法 三尖瓣下移畸形患者52例,行三尖瓣置换手术6例,行三尖瓣成形术46例,其中水平房化心室折叠三尖瓣成形术22例(加行DeVegar法成形术6例,Kay法成形术7例);行垂直房化心室折叠三尖瓣成形术24例(加行DeVegar法成形术13和Kay法成形术5例);应用Carpentier环成形6例;有8例患者加行上腔静脉与右肺动脉双向分流术.对术后患者进行随访并观察其预后情况.结果 本组52例患者术后早期死亡2例(3.8％).46例行三尖瓣成形术患者术后3个月复查超声心动图显示三尖瓣轻度反流27例,中度反流3例,无反流16例.6例三尖瓣置换术患者术后3个月复查超声心动图显示生物瓣膜开闭均良好.随访时间12 ～81个月.患者1年、3年、5年生存率分别为96.0％、88.0％、82.0％.结论 根据术中探查发现畸形的类型及其严重程度选择最合适的手术方式对三尖瓣下移畸形患者预后意义重大.     

单发和多发骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经椎体成形术治疗后再发骨折的对比分析

目的 对比分析单发与多发骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体成形术(PVP)后1年内再发骨折的风险、间隔时间及诱因。方法 回顾性分析接受PVP治疗的156例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,将患者分为单发骨折及多发骨折两组,记录始发及再发椎体骨折的时间、数目及再发骨折的诱因。比较两组患者性别及再发骨折发生率差异,骨密度、骨折诱因差异,年龄及再发骨折时间的差异。结果 156例骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者中单发椎体压缩骨折102例,多发椎体压缩骨折54例。102例单发椎体骨折中,有16例患者再发生骨折,再发椎体骨折平均时间185.0天,54例多发椎体压缩骨折患者中,有20例患者再发骨折,再发椎体骨折平均时间123.7天。再发骨折有明确诱因者单发骨折组2例,多发骨折组3例。统计学分析两组患者再发骨折的风险及间隔时间有明显差异(P＜0.05)。结论 骨质疏松性多椎体骨折较单椎体骨折PVP术后易再发生骨折,且间隔时间短,再发骨折多无明确的诱因。     

椎动脉型颈椎病的新探讨——附31例造影分析

本文应用一种新的椎动脉型颈椎病检查方法——双向双侧椎动脉斜位造影对31例拟诊椎动脉型颈椎病的患者进行了造影检查。发现椎动脉受压的 X 线表现是确诊椎动脉型颈椎病的主要依据。但是椎动脉的屈曲狭窄、一侧发育细小是潜在的发病因素。若一侧椎动脉细小伴有对侧椎动脉同时受压时则易导致椎-基底动脉供血不足。本文还对椎动脉横径的测量及椎动脉血流速度等问题进行了初步的探讨。