The use of a single volar locking plate for AO C3-type distal radius fractures

Background

A single volar locking plate (VLP) is now frequently used for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of many types of distal radius fractures. Comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures (AO C3-type) are typically the most challenging to surgically treat. No studies directly address the adequacy of a VLP alone for maintaining reduction of AO C-type fractures. We hypothesized that a single VLP provides an effective method for maintaining reduction for these fractures.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated radiographs of a series of AO C-type fractures. Seventy-seven patients with 77 AO C3-type fractures were identified from billing records and were eligible for the study. All patients were treated by fellowship-trained hand surgeons. Radiographs at the time of union were compared to those from immediately postoperatively.

Results

Sixty-nine of 77 (89.6 %) fractures treated with VLP fixation alone for AO C3-type distal radius fractures united without loss of reduction. Eight of 77 (10.4 %) patients treated with VLP for AO C3 fractures lost reduction. The most common fracture fragment to lose reduction was the lunate fossa (5 of 8); loss of reduction of the scaphoid fossa die-punch fragment (2 of 8) and the radial styloid (1 of 8) were also seen.

Conclusions

The majority (89.6 %) of AO C3-type fractures treated with a single volar locking plate come to union without loss of reduction.Level of evidence: Level IV.     

Capitellum Fracture Fragment Excision: a Case Series

Background

Fractures of the capitellum are rare injuries, and few studies have reported the results of fragment excision.

Questions/Purposes

The purpose of this study was to determine range of motion and short-term clinical outcomes for patients treated with capitellum excision.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed to identify all patients with an isolated capitellum fracture who underwent excision as definitive treatment at our institutions. Mechanism of injury, associated elbow injuries, type of capitellum fracture, complications, and postoperative outcomes including final elbow range of motion (ROM), elbow instability, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score were recorded.

Results

Four patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. All patients were female with an average age of 69 years (range 42–85). Based on the Bryan and Morrey classification system, three (75%) fractures were classified as type I and one (25%) fracture as type III. The average clinical follow-up was 11 months. Final examination demonstrated a mean elbow range of motion from 14° (range 0–30) of extension to 143° (range 130–160) of flexion. All patients had full forearm rotation, and there was no clinical evidence of elbow instability. The average DASH score was 18.3 (12.5–24.2) at final follow-up.

Conclusion

Excision of the capitellum, much like excision of the radial head, results in acceptable short-term outcome scores and elbow range of motion in patients with fractures that are not amenable to open reduction and internal fixation.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11420-015-9452-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

The Axillary View Typically Does Not Contribute to Decision Making in Care for Proximal Humeral Fractures

Background

Convention dictates that an axillary view be obtained when evaluating proximal humerus fractures (PHF). However, the axillary view is frequently omitted because of pain and technical considerations. Furthermore, its diagnostic utility is unclear in this setting.

Questions/Purposes

The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the rate of obtaining an adequate axillary X-ray and complete shoulder series at a level I trauma center, (2) understand the cost of ordering and attempting an axillary radiograph, and (3) determine if axillary radiographs influence the management of PHF.

Patients and Methods

PHF treated between 2009 and 2011 that were ordered for an AP, scapular Y, and axillary view was identified. The types of radiographs actually obtained were recorded. The cost of obtaining three views and a single view of the shoulder with X-ray was determined. Lastly, three surgeons reviewed 42 PHF, both with and without an axillary view (AV), and treatment recommendations were compared.

Results

30% of PHF in this series had an adequate axillary view, and 14% received a complete trauma series. No factors could be identified that were associated with successfully obtaining an axillary view. Reviewers demonstrated substantial intraobserver reliability (κ = 0.759–0.808) regarding treatment recommendations for PHF with and without the axillary view. The addition of the AV had minimal influence on treatment recommendations.

Conclusion

Considering that the axillary view for PHF is painful, labor-intensive, costly, and does not appear to provide additional diagnostic value, orthopedic surgeons can consider foregoing the use of the axillary view when evaluating and treating PHF, particularly if other advanced imaging is utilized.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11420-015-9445-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定与其结合椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效比较

目的 探讨短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定与其结合椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2009-06-2012-06行手术治疗的胸腰椎骨折245例的相关资料.采用短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定术131例,行短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定结合椎体内植骨术114例,测量伤椎及其上、下相邻正常椎体的前缘、中间的高度、伤椎后凸Cobb角,比较两组的椎体压缩率、矫正度丢失、术中出血量、手术时间和患者满意度.结果 术后随访18～24个月,平均21.8个月,随访期间椎体高度均无严重丢失,无钉棒弯曲、松动或断裂.伤椎椎体压缩率由术前的(45.59±5.2)％和(46.48±7.5)％降至术后的(8.76±4.8)％和(9.24±4.6)％;后凸Cobb角由术前的(25.8±3.8)°和(24.6±4.2)°降至术后的(9.8±1.7)°和(8.6±2.7)°,两者无明显变化(P＞0.05).2组伤椎中间高度由术前的(56.74±8.6)％和(55.60±7.3)％升至术后的(85.26±10.52)％和(92.52±8.4)％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 短节段经伤椎单侧置钉固定与其结合椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折均可取得满意治疗效果.     

椎体后凸成形技术与微创经皮椎弓根钉技术治疗胸腰段椎体压缩骨折的对比研究

目的 比较经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)和微创内固定术的疗效,为治疗单纯性胸腰段椎体压缩骨折选择手术方案提供临床依据.方法 行PKP及微创内固定手术治疗单纯胸腰段椎体压缩骨折59例.PKP组31例,微创内固定术组28例.记录59例术前术后视觉模拟评分法疼痛评分(VAS)、伤椎前缘高度、Cobb角及伤椎高度恢复率.结果 PKP组及微创内固定组在术后VAS评分、Cobb角、伤椎高度、椎体高度恢复率观测指标中,2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PKP术后止痛效果优于微创内固定组,微创内固定在矫正脊柱后凸畸形及恢复伤椎前缘高度效果上优于PKP组.     

伤椎内植骨联合骨水泥强化治疗重度骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折初步疗效观察

目的 探讨椎内植骨联合骨水泥强化治疗重度骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折(SVCF)的初步疗效.方法 对非植骨组(30例)和植骨组(19例)患者手术前后疼痛程度、病变椎体前缘高度、Cobb角,以及骨水泥渗漏、邻近椎体骨折等并发症情况进行观察,并进行统计分析.结果 无肺栓塞及神经并发症发生,2组患者疼痛均明显缓解,伤椎高度和Cobb角矫正较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随访2～5年,平均3年2个月,骨水泥渗漏非植骨组5例,植骨组1例,邻近椎体再骨折非植骨组4例,植骨组1例.2组在骨水泥渗漏率、邻近椎体骨折发生率方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 椎内植骨联合骨水泥强化在降低骨水泥渗漏、邻近椎体骨折发生率上具有优势,是一种较理想的治疗方法.     

P物质、降钙素基因相关肽、白介素6与椎体骨折并发远隔部位疼痛的相关性研究

目的探讨胸腰段椎体压缩骨折出现远隔部位疼痛的病因。方法选取Denis分类屈曲型骨折的手术病例62例,腰痛伴远隔部位疼痛11例为实验组,腰痛不伴远隔部位疼痛51例为对照组。术中取多裂肌标本,制作冰冻切片,P物质(SP)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、白介素6(IL-6)抗体免疫组化染色;计算椎体前缘高度和后缘高度的比值来衡量伤椎的压缩程度;手术前及手术后2周分别行VAS、JOA、ODI评分。结果实验组:术前椎体压缩程度(68.73±11.91)%、VAS(8.09±1.51)分、ODI(40.45±3.48)%、JOA(14.00±3.80)分,术后椎体压缩程度(84.00±6.08)%、VAS(5.00±1.34)分、ODI(21.73±3.80)%、JOA(15.36±3.56)分;对照组:术前椎体压缩程度(75.27±14.14)%、VAS(7.65±1.43)分、ODI(39.24±4.64)%、JOA(11.90±3.59)分,术后椎体压缩程度(83.75±8.89)%、VAS(2.76±1.18)分、ODI(15.82±3.65)%、JOA(20.84±3.71)分。实验组与对照组术前椎体压缩程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后椎体压缩程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组与对照组术前VAS、ODI、JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后VAS、ODI、JOA评分对照组优于实验组(P0.05)。免疫组化:实验组11例标本SP、CGRP、IL-6染色结果均为阳性。对照组51例标本SP、CGRP、IL-6染色结果阴性。结论屈曲暴力造成脊柱后方组织损伤,SP、CGRP、IL-6介导的炎症反应刺激脊神经后支,是产生远隔部位疼痛的重要原因。     

股骨粗隆间骨折PFNA内固定失效的危险因素分析

目的分析导致股骨粗隆间骨折PFNA内固定失效的危险因素。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2013-10诊治并获得完整随访的股骨粗隆间骨折157例,按照内固定失效与否分为A(内固定失效组)、B(内固定成功组)2组。观察指标:外侧壁厚度、外侧壁分型、尖顶距(TAD)、螺旋刀片头所在区域、正侧位X线片上远近端皮质对位差。结果 157例获得平均14.6(12~18)个月随访,24例(15.3%)出现内固定失效。11例髋内翻,2例退钉,2例内固定切割,18例复位丢失,4例股骨颈短缩。A组外侧壁厚度小于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组TAD30 mm者比例明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.386,P=0.003)。2组螺旋刀片头所在区域及正侧位X线片上远近端皮质对位差比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组Ⅱ、Ⅲ型外侧壁骨折占87.5%,而B组仅为36.1%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=32.305,P=0.001)。结论PFNA内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折时,股骨近端外侧壁的厚度过小,Ⅱ、Ⅲ型不稳定外侧壁骨折,以及TAD30 mm可能是发生内固定失效的危险因素。     

胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根椎体内植骨术后伤椎愈合情况的对比

目的研究胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根植骨术后伤椎愈合的方式及影响因素。方法本次研究纳入自2011-01-2013-01诊治的74例具有完整随访结果的患者,采用经椎弓根植骨36例,同期未经椎弓根植骨38例。依据脊柱骨折负荷分享分级、笔者设计的椎体轴位9分区法明确骨折损伤程度、骨折复位及伤椎植骨情况、骨折愈合及伤椎植骨愈合情况。结果术后随访16~24个月,平均20个月。未植骨组:术后1年随访时椎体内各区形成空洞总计21.1%。植骨组:术后1年随访时椎体内各区形成空洞总计24.1%。结论胸腰椎骨折后伤椎经椎弓根植骨术中可撬拨复位塌陷及碎裂的上终板,减少髓核组织的突入发生,形成椎体内有效的可填充空腔,便于椎体内充分植骨,形成利于骨细胞爬行替代的框架结构,减少晚期上终板的塌陷及椎体内空洞的形成。     

小儿股骨干骨折弹性髓内钉固定对骨质愈合的影响

目的探究小儿股骨干骨折弹性髓内钉固定对骨质愈合的影响。方法选取2012年5月至2013年2月期间因股骨干骨折而在我院进行治疗的54例患儿作为本次研究对象。对患儿股骨干骨折采取弹性髓内钉进行固定。统计患儿手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症及下地完全负重时间,根据Flynn功能预后评价表对患儿进行预后评价。结果患儿手术时间为35.50~78.40 min,平均(50.45±10.32)min,出血量32.20~48.60 mL,平均(40.37±8.36)mL。54例患儿术后均得到随访,平均随访时间为10~18个月,术后未发生延迟愈合、生长畸形、骨折不愈合、髓内钉感染、拔钉困难等并发症;早期有3例患儿因钉尾折弯发生轻度的"激惹"反应,导致轻度疼痛,后期采取不弯折钉尾且留取恰当长度后,"激惹"反应消失。根据Flynn功能预后评价表对患儿进行预后评价:优50例,良4例,优良率100%。下地完全负重时间为5.0~16.0周,平均为(11.2±3.5)周。结论弹性髓内钉适用于小儿股骨干骨折治疗,具有小切口微创、术后功能优良率高、并发症少等优点,值得临床推广与应用。